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1894 labor strike and boycott in the United States
The Pullman Strike comprised two interrelated strikes in 1894 that shaped national labor policy in the United States during a period of deep economic
Pullman_Strike
American engineer and businessman (1831–1897)
led to the Pullman Strike due to the high rent prices charged for company housing and low wages paid by the Pullman Company. His Pullman Company also
George_Pullman
American railroad-car manufacturer
housing. This resulted in the Pullman Strike, one of the most consequential strikes in United States labor history. Pullman developed the sleeping car,
Pullman_Company
Community area in Chicago, Illinois
not reduce rents for workers who lived in the town of Pullman. Workers initiated the Pullman Strike in 1894, and it lasted for 2 months, eventually leading
Pullman,_Chicago
Former trade union of the United States
victory in a strike on the Great Northern Railroad in the summer of 1894. This successful strike was followed by the bitter 1894 Pullman Strike in which government
American_Railway_Union
1893–97 financial crisis in the United States
carrying Pullman passenger cars. The Pullman cars also carried the U.S. mail, which the federal government was obliged to protect. The strike failed, the
Panic_of_1893
Historic district in Chicago, Illinois
the Pullman Company and became one of the most well-known company towns in the United States, as well as the scene of the violent 1894 Pullman strike. It
Pullman National Historical Park
Pullman_National_Historical_Park
American statesman (1835–1917)
attorney general, Olney used injunctions against striking workers in the Pullman strike, setting a precedent, and advised the use of federal troops, when legal
Richard_Olney
U.S. presidential administration from 1893 to 1897
Tariff Act to become law. He also ordered federal soldiers to crush the Pullman Strike. In foreign policy, Cleveland resisted the annexation of Hawaii and
Second presidency of Grover Cleveland
Second_presidency_of_Grover_Cleveland
President of the United States from 1885 to 1889 and from 1893 to 1897
Liliʻuokalani, and called for her restoration. Cleveland intervened in the 1894 Pullman Strike to keep the railroads moving, angering Illinois Democrats and labor
Grover_Cleveland
American labor and political leader (1855–1926)
boycott by the ARU against handling trains with Pullman cars in what became the nationwide Pullman Strike, affecting most lines west of Detroit and more
Eugene_V._Debs
American philosopher, psychologist, and activist (1859–1952)
1894 Pullman Strike, in which the employees of the Pullman Palace Car Factory in Chicago decided to go on strike after industrialist George Pullman refused
John_Dewey
Governor of Illinois from 1893 to 1897
in the Haymarket Affair, and rejected calls in 1894 to break up the Pullman strike by force. In 1896 he was a leader of the progressive wing of the Democratic
John_Peter_Altgeld
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up Pullman in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Pullman may refer to: Pullman, Chicago, Illinois Pullman, Michigan Pullman, Texas Pullman, Washington
Pullman
1892 labor strike
1892 Buffalo switchmen's strike Frick Coke Company strike of 1891 Frick mine explosion Pittsburgh railroad strike Pullman Strike Ludlow Massacre Johnstown
Homestead_strike
Era of US history from the 1870s to the late 1890s
largest and most dramatic strike was the 1894 Pullman Strike, a coordinated effort to shut down the national railroad system. The strike was led by the upstart
Gilded_Age
American lawyer and politician (1843–1926)
Lindsey, The Pullman Strike, p. 301. Staff. "Pullman Car, Sunbeam". Hildene, The Lincoln Family Home. Upon the death of George Pullman in 1897, Robert
Robert_Todd_Lincoln
1922 nationwide railroad workers' strike in the US
railroad strike since the American Railway Union's Pullman Strike of 1894 and the biggest American strike of any kind since the Great Steel Strike of 1919
Great_Railroad_Strike_of_1922
ISBN 978-0-7006-0954-3. Lindsey, The Pullman Strike; Lukas, Big Trouble pp. 310–311. Jonathan Bassett, "The Pullman strike of 1894." OAH Magazine of History
Labor history of the United States
Labor_history_of_the_United_States
Widespread US rail-worker strike
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877, sometimes referred to as the Great Upheaval, began on July 14 in Martinsburg, West Virginia, after the Baltimore and
Great_Railroad_Strike_of_1877
Office. pp. 85–109. ISBN 978-0-16-088268-5. Retrieved March 21, 2013. "Pullman Strike | Causes, Result, Summary, & Significance | Britannica". www.britannica
List of invocations of the Insurrection Act
List_of_invocations_of_the_Insurrection_Act
Passenger railroad car worker
Pullman porters were men hired to work for the railroads as porters on sleeping cars. Starting shortly after the American Civil War, George Pullman sought
Pullman_porter
Topics referred to by the same term
Newspaper strike of 1912 The Chicago railroad strike of 1877 The 1894 Pullman Strike, which took place in the Chicago neighborhood of Pullman The 1886
Chicago_strike
American actor (born 1990)
and producing a limited series on George Pullman and 1894 American labor uprising known as the Pullman Strike. Scheider has primarily written, produced
Christian_Scheider
Community area in Chicago, Illinois
1893, the Pullman Strike of 1894 dealt an economic blow that resulted in bankruptcy. Like many of Chicago's community areas, West Pullman consists of
West_Pullman,_Chicago
American labor unionist
officials of the American Railway Union jailed in conjunction with the Pullman Strike of 1894. After more than two decades in and around the labor movement
L._W._Rogers
Town where stores and housing are owned by one company that is the main employer
resulting in the Pullman Strike of 1894. A national commission formed to investigate the causes of the strikes found that Pullman's paternalism was partly
Company_town
Daughter of Grover Cleveland (1891–1904)
1893 Sherman Silver Purchase Act Wilson–Gorman Tariff Act Coxey's Army Pullman Strike Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom Venezuelan crisis of 1895 Enabling
Ruth_Cleveland
1894 protest march on Washington, DC
provoked proved to be a rehearsal for the federal force that broke the Pullman Strike later that year. Coxey organized a second march in 1914. A portion of
Coxey's_Army
Belief that workers benefit society more than those who get wealth through other means
Knights of Labor and the rise of socialism. For some commentators, the Pullman Strike of 1894, led by Eugene V. Debs, was a high-water mark in the history
Producerism
Strike action unsupported by a union
strikes in the country are wildcat strikes. Pullman Strike (Illinois, 1894) Putilov Factory strike (Petrograd, Russia, 1917) Victorian Police strike (Australia
Wildcat_strike
1888 poem by William Ernest Henley
After Month in Illinois Sanitarium. ONCE LEADER OF RAIL UNION He Led Pullman Strike In 1895 -- Served Nearly Three Years In Prison for Opposing War. (Published
Invictus
American term referring to the decade of the 1890s
"The Gay Nineties" opens a production number spoofing period melodramas in Strike Up the Band, a 1940 MGM film starring Judy Garland and Mickey Rooney. There
Gay_Nineties
1886 bombing aftermath in Chicago, US
Belief: The Great Chicago Fire, the Haymarket Bomb, and the Model Town of Pullman. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-76416-8. Wikimedia Commons
Haymarket_affair
Railroad strike
crushed in the violent Pullman strike of 1894. The union's collapse pushed Debs toward Socialism.[citation needed] The Pullman strike also convinced many
Buffalo_switchmen's_strike
Federal holiday in the United States
already officially celebrating Labor Day. In that year, shortly after the Pullman Strike, the Congress passed a bill recognizing the first Monday of September
Labor_Day
Labor strike in Massachusetts
The Lawrence Textile Strike, also known as the Bread and Roses Strike, was a strike of immigrant workers in Lawrence, Massachusetts, in 1912 led by the
1912_Lawrence_textile_strike
American judge (1852-1921)
most notably the leadership of the American Railway Union in the 1894 Pullman Strike. Born on February 15, 1852, in Ashland, Ohio, Grosscup received an Artium
Peter_S._Grosscup
Daughter of Grover Cleveland (1893–1980)
1893 Sherman Silver Purchase Act Wilson–Gorman Tariff Act Coxey's Army Pullman Strike Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom Venezuelan crisis of 1895 Enabling
Esther_Cleveland
1895 United States Supreme Court case
Eugene V. Debs. Debs had the American Railway Union continue its 1894 Pullman Strike in violation of a federal injunction ordering labor unions back to work
In_re_Debs
List of incidents from 1783 to the present
American Railway Union striking Pullman factory workers near Chicago, Illinois 1894 – Pullman strike American Railway Union strike versus federal troops, many
List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States
List_of_incidents_of_civil_unrest_in_the_United_States
Large international exhibition
most of the structures burned, possibly the result of arson during the Pullman Strike. The foundation of the world's first Ferris Wheel, which operated at
World's_fair
Riots that took place in New York City
Riots (1914) Midwest Illinois Chicago railroad strike of 1877 Haymarket affair (1886) Pullman Strike (1894) Illinois coal wars (1898–1900) Battle of
Orange_Riots
Gallery of presidential portraits in the West Wing of the White House
annexation of Hawaii, and authorized the use of Federal troops to end the Pullman Strike. He rigorously enforced the Monroe Doctrine, even threatening Great
Presidential_Walk_of_Fame
Pennsylvanian Coal Strike
The Coal strike of 1902 (also known as the anthracite coal strike) was a strike by the United Mine Workers of America in the anthracite coalfields of eastern
1902_anthracite_coal_strike
American actor and politician (1903-1995)
1893 Sherman Silver Purchase Act Wilson–Gorman Tariff Act Coxey's Army Pullman Strike Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom Venezuelan crisis of 1895 Enabling
Francis_Cleveland
1878–1881 conflict in the Old West of the US
Riots (1914) Midwest Illinois Chicago railroad strike of 1877 Haymarket affair (1886) Pullman Strike (1894) Illinois coal wars (1898–1900) Battle of
Lincoln_County_War
American lawyer (1897–1974)
1893 Sherman Silver Purchase Act Wilson–Gorman Tariff Act Coxey's Army Pullman Strike Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom Venezuelan crisis of 1895 Enabling
Richard_F._Cleveland
joined the Pullman Strike, and demonstrated that industrial unionism was potentially a very powerful way to organize. Within a few hours Pullman traffic
Labor federation competition in the United States
Labor_federation_competition_in_the_United_States
Organized labor portal United States portal List of strikes List of striking US workers by year Statistics, United States Bureau of Labor (January 1,
List_of_US_strikes_by_size
American politician (1813–1896)
the Pullman Arcade Theatre in George Pullman's company town. He became a Populist in 1894. According to Almont Lindsey's 1942 book, The Pullman Strike, Trumbull
Lyman_Trumbull
1897 killing of unarmed striking miners
closed due to the spreading strike. Many Slavic miners had not joined the nascent United Mine Workers. The first wave of the strike ended on August 23, 1897
Lattimer_massacre
Upper Michigan labor action
Copper Country strike of 1913–1914 was a major labor strike affecting all copper mines in the Copper Country of Michigan. The strike, organized by the
1913–1914 Copper Country strike
1913–1914_Copper_Country_strike
Neighborhood in Chicago
found particular success in serving the dry town's denizens. The 1894 Pullman strike was headquartered in a Kensington clubhouse. As the Far South Side developed
Kensington,_Chicago
American industrialist and philanthropist (1835–1919)
Carnegie arranged a merger between Woodruff's company and that of George Pullman, the inventor of the sleeping car for first-class travel, which facilitated
Andrew_Carnegie
railroads went bankrupt. Labor unrest involved numerous strikes, most notably the violent Pullman Strike of 1894, which was forcibly shut down by federal troops
History_of_the_United_States
American labor organizer (1869–1928)
High-profile events such as the Haymarket Massacre in 1886 and the Pullman Strike in 1894 fostered Haywood's interest in the labor movement. In 1896,
Bill_Haywood
Study of work and workers
costly shutdowns for unions or employer. The Pullman Strike was a major strike in America that cost the Pullman Company millions lost revenue however, over
Labor_relations
1888 Utopian novel by Edward Bellamy
Chicago, workers at the Pullman Palace Car Company went on strike in June 1894. This came to be known as the Pullman Strike. The book had a specific
Looking_Backward
1886 American presidential wedding
Act of 1889 Panic of 1893 Blount Report Morgan Report Coxey's Army Pullman Strike Wilson–Gorman Tariff Act Venezuelan crisis Presidential campaigns 1884
Wedding of Grover Cleveland and Frances Folsom
Wedding_of_Grover_Cleveland_and_Frances_Folsom
Felt hat with brim and a single dent in the centre of the crown
1889 Wounded Knee Massacre 1891 New Orleans lynchings Homestead strike Pullman Strike Third parties Greenback Party Populist Party Organizations Four
Homburg_hat
Dissident Republican activists in 1884
1893 Sherman Silver Purchase Act Wilson–Gorman Tariff Act Coxey's Army Pullman Strike Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom Venezuelan crisis of 1895 Enabling
Mugwumps
U.S. presidential administration from 1885 to 1889
Act of 1889 Panic of 1893 Blount Report Morgan Report Coxey's Army Pullman Strike Wilson–Gorman Tariff Act Venezuelan crisis Presidential campaigns 1884
First presidency of Grover Cleveland
First_presidency_of_Grover_Cleveland
Growth of US fraternal society membership
1889 Wounded Knee Massacre 1891 New Orleans lynchings Homestead strike Pullman Strike Third parties Greenback Party Populist Party Organizations Four
Golden_Age_of_Fraternalism
Aspect of U.S. history
railroad blockades by the American Railway Union, 1894 – During the Pullman Strike, the American Railway Union (ARU), out of union solidarity, called out
History of union busting in the United States
History_of_union_busting_in_the_United_States
1910 mass killing of African Americans in Texas
Riots (1914) Midwest Illinois Chicago railroad strike of 1877 Haymarket affair (1886) Pullman Strike (1894) Illinois coal wars (1898–1900) Battle of
Slocum_massacre
American labor organisation
was incapable of disrupting the Pullman sleeping car service. Although the union had voted for a strike, the Pullman Company convinced the NMB that the
Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
Brotherhood_of_Sleeping_Car_Porters
Extinct military position in the US
American Civil War and Reconstruction. Advised the government during the Pullman Strike. Retired upon reaching mandatory retirement age of 64. 10 Miles, Nelson
Commanding General of the United States Army
Commanding_General_of_the_United_States_Army
well as local backlash over President Cleveland's intervention in the Pullman Strike in Chicago. In addition to Wenter, Washington Hesing (Chicago Postmaster)
1895_Chicago_mayoral_election
Short-lived 1890s U.S. political party that established a community in Washington
Party of America (SDP). After being jailed in the aftermath of the 1894 Pullman Strike, Eugene V. Debs became interested in socialist ideas. Despite supporting
Social_Democracy_of_America
American screenwriter and director
following year he wrote 10,000 Black Men Named George, the story of the Pullman strike of the 1930s, for Showtime. Nowrasteh wrote the "Manifest Destiny" episode
Cyrus_Nowrasteh
Estate in Bourne, Massachusetts, US
Act of 1889 Panic of 1893 Blount Report Morgan Report Coxey's Army Pullman Strike Wilson–Gorman Tariff Act Venezuelan crisis Presidential campaigns 1884
Gray_Gables
Use of excessive force by a police officer
Strike of 1877, the Pullman Strike of 1894, the 1912 Lawrence textile strike, the Ludlow massacre of 1914, the Great Steel Strike of 1919, and the Hanapepe
Police_brutality
American federal law enacted in 1882
violence often broke out in cities such as Los Angeles. The North Adams strike of 1870, broken by the replacement of all workers by 75 Chinese men was
Chinese_Exclusion_Act
Federal law enforcement agency
Corral in Tombstone, Arizona. In 1894, U.S. Marshals helped suppress the Pullman Strike. During the 19th century, the United States government appointed marshals
United States Marshals Service
United_States_Marshals_Service
Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, and participant in the infamous Pullman Strike Daniel Drew – robber baron involved in the stock manipulation of the
List of people associated with rail transport
List_of_people_associated_with_rail_transport
Scottish-American detective (1819–1884)
prohibiting the federal government from hiring its detectives The Pullman Strike (1894) The Wild Bunch Gang (1896) The Ludlow Massacre (1914) The La
Allan_Pinkerton
Union from 1893 to 1894, and was a significant figure in the failed Pullman Strike of 1894. George Washington Howard was born in Lawrence County, Illinois
George_W._Howard
sick time with two unions. 1992 United States railroad strike Norris–La Guardia Act Pullman Strike DeManuelle-Hall, Joe (February 2, 2022). "Rail Unions
2022 United States railroad labor dispute
2022_United_States_railroad_labor_dispute
American engineer and presidential candidate (1869–1949)
Guard was called to put down ARU strikers at Sacramento during the Pullman Strike. He also studied law under Dickinson and worked as his law clerk, working
Frank_Elbridge_Webb
American journalist and writer (1870–1946)
journalist in 1892 with the Chicago News-Record, where he covered the Pullman Strike and Coxey's Army in 1894. In 1898, Baker joined the staff of McClure's
Ray_Stannard_Baker
Debs (president of the American Railway Union) was involved in the Pullman Strike earlier in 1894, and challenged the federal injunction ordering the
Inherent powers (United States)
Inherent_powers_(United_States)
American lawyer and politician (1857–1938)
Union, who was prosecuted by the federal government for leading the Pullman Strike of 1894. Darrow severed his ties with the railroad to represent Debs
Clarence_Darrow
US labor legislation
convened under the Act: in the case of the 1894 Pullman Strike, it issued its report only after the strike had been ended by a federal court injunction,
Railway_Labor_Act
American military officer (1839–1925)
1894 to 1895, Miles commanded the troops mobilized to put down the Pullman strike riots. He was named Commanding General of the United States Army on
Nelson_A._Miles
American pianist and composer (1849–1908)
California. The trainmen at that place were on strike against the railroads as part of the Pullman Strike, and Tom was stuck in town until July 9, when
Blind_Tom_Wiggins
American writer, artist and labor activist
in 1887. At the age of seven, he saw a worker shot dead during the Pullman Strike in Chicago, Illinois. He had moved with his family from Ames, Kansas
Ralph_Chaplin
Riots (1914) Midwest Illinois Chicago railroad strike of 1877 Haymarket affair (1886) Pullman Strike (1894) Illinois coal wars (1898–1900) Battle of
Crime_in_Akron,_Ohio
1895 address by Booker T. Washington
been experiencing labor troubles in the early 1890s (Homestead Strike, Pullman Strike, etc.) and Washington sought to capitalize on these issues by offering
Atlanta_Exposition_Speech
US Army brigadier general (1864–1952)
called out to prevent union members from blocking trains during the 1894 Pullman Strike, Preston was among the troops who were directed to restore order. He
Guy_H._Preston
Community area in Chicago, Illinois
Riverdale was annexed into Chicago in 1889. In the aftermath of the Pullman Strike in 1894, hiring practices in the area opened up bringing many new industries
Riverdale,_Chicago
Homestead Strike 1892 Battle of Coffeyville 1893 Battle of Ingalls May 1, 1894 May Day riots of 1894 May 11 – July 20, 1894 Pullman Strike 1894 Bituminous
List of conflicts in the United States
List_of_conflicts_in_the_United_States
Military reserve organization
the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including the Homestead Strike, the Pullman Strike of 1894, and the Colorado Labor Wars. Throughout the 19th century
National Guard (United States)
National_Guard_(United_States)
Pioneering U.S. labor action
Louis general strike was one of the first general strikes in the United States. It grew out of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877. The strike was largely
1877_St._Louis_general_strike
Work stoppage involving silk mill workers in Paterson, New Jersey
The 1913 Paterson silk strike was a work stoppage involving silk mill workers in Paterson, New Jersey. The strike involved demands for establishment of
1913_Paterson_silk_strike
United States federal law
Act of 1889 Panic of 1893 Blount Report Morgan Report Coxey's Army Pullman Strike Wilson–Gorman Tariff Act Venezuelan crisis Presidential campaigns 1884
Interstate Commerce Act of 1887
Interstate_Commerce_Act_of_1887
American democratic politician
fictitious account of a speech in which they claimed he had denounced the Pullman Strike. This damaged his reputation, although he received letters of support
Charles_L._Drummond
US legal advocacy organization
being embroiled in the costly legal system for union activities. The Pullman Strike of 1894, which brought about the trial and imprisonment of the officers
International_Labor_Defense
Labor union organizing model
that strike, with strikebreakers brought on to help their employers. In June 1894, the ARU voted to join in solidarity with the ongoing Pullman Strike, and
Industrial_unionism
US legislative act regulating Native American tribal lands
Act of 1889 Panic of 1893 Blount Report Morgan Report Coxey's Army Pullman Strike Wilson–Gorman Tariff Act Venezuelan crisis Presidential campaigns 1884
Dawes_Act
travel, tourism, insurance
PULLMAN STRIKE
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