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Primary deviance is the initial stage in defining deviant behavior. Prominent sociologist Edwin Lemert conceptualized primary deviance as engaging in the
Primary_deviance
Action or behavior that violates social norms
Deviance or the sociology of deviance explores the actions or behaviors that violate social norms across formally enacted rules (e.g., crime) as well
Deviance_(sociology)
Edwin Lemert in 1951, primary deviance is engaging in the initial act of deviance, he subsequently suggested that secondary deviance is the process of a
Secondary_deviance
Deliberate desire to cause harm to an organization or workplace
Workplace deviance, in group psychology, may be described as the deliberate (or intentional) desire to cause harm to an organization – more specifically
Workplace_deviance
Sociological theory
theory and the study of social deviance. He introduced the concepts of primary and secondary deviance—primary deviance being minor, initial acts of rule-breaking
Labeling_theory
Theory in criminal justice
Double deviance theory states, "women are treated more harshly [than men] by the criminal justice system... because they are guilty of being doubly deviant
Double_deviance_theory
Approach to behavioral and social change
Positive deviance (PD) is an approach to behavioral and social change. It is based on the idea that, within a community, some individuals engage in unusual
Positive_deviance
Sexual attraction to prepubescent children
"Pedophilia: Psychopathology and Theory". In Laws, D. Richard (ed.). Sexual Deviance: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment (2 ed.). New York City: Guilford Press
Pedophilia
American sociologist
secondary". Interactionism Labelling theory Primary Deviance Secondary deviance Deviance (sociology) Crime and Deviance: Essays and Innovations of Edwin M. Lemert
Edwin_Lemert
George Herbert Mead — prejudice — primary deviance — Primary and secondary groups — primary labor market — primary sector — private health care — privatism
Index_of_sociology_articles
Sexual arousal a person receives from an object or situation
Psychopathology and theory. In D. R. Laws and W. O'Donohue (Eds.), Sexual deviance: Theory, assessment, and treatment. New York: Guilford. Scorolli, C.; Ghirlanda
Sexual_fetishism
postmodern criminology – powercontrol theory – Alma Preinkert – primary deviance – primary research – prison – prison cell – prisons in the United States
Index_of_criminology_articles
Informal understanding of acceptable conduct
extreme. Deviance also causes multiple emotions one experiences when going against a norm. One of those emotions widely attributed to deviance is guilt
Social_norm
Form of workplace bullying by a supervisor
"frustration, injustices and threats to self are primary antecedents to employee deviance". Although workplace deviance does occur, the behavior is not universal
Abusive_supervision
Deviance regulation theory (DRT) posits that people choose to stray from social norms in socially attractive ways as well as avoiding socially unattractive
Deviance_regulation_theory
Husband of an adulterous wife
Semerdjian, Elyse (2012-03-01). "'Because he is so tender and pretty': sexual deviance and heresy in eighteenth-century Aleppo". Social Identities. 18 (2): 175–199
Cuckold
Belief system and practices developed by L. Ron Hubbard
December 25, 2009. Straus, Roger (Spring 1986). "Scientology "Ethics": Deviance, Identity and Social Control in a Cult-Like Social World". Symbolic Interaction
Scientology
Consensual use of humiliation in a sexual context
Petticoating Master Marc (22 April 2015). "Erotic Humiliation and Degradation". Deviance and Desire. Archived from the original on 7 October 2022. Retrieved 2 November
Erotic_humiliation
Academic field that seeks to understand terrorism
committed is labeled deviant, and that original act is referred to as the primary deviance. Being labeled deviant causes a person to see themselves as deviants
Sociology_of_terrorism
2010 film by Martin Scorsese
Constructing Crime: Discourse and Cultural Representations of Crime and 'Deviance'. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 79. ISBN 9780230392083. Archived from the original
Shutter_Island_(film)
Practice of having casual sex frequently with different partners
approval, such as "the stud" or "the player", while others imply societal deviance, such as "the womanizer" or "the philanderer". A scientific study published
Promiscuity
American politician and lawyer (1919–1998)
required) Clarke, James W. (1981). "Emotional Deprivation and Political Deviance: Some Observations on Governor Wallace's Would-Be Assassin, Arthur H. Bremer"
George_Wallace
Social groups
Appelbaum, R. P., D. Carr, M. Duneir, and A. Giddens. 2009. "Conformity, Deviance, and Crime." Introduction to Sociology, New York: W. W. Norton & Company
Types_of_social_groups
Fear that some evil threatens society
needed] Cohen stated that the mass media is the primary source of the public's knowledge about deviance and social problems. He further argued that moral
Moral_panic
Type of associative learning process for behavioral modification
repeatable responses, and the rate of such responses became Skinner's primary behavioral measure. Another invention, the cumulative recorder, produced
Operant_conditioning
Sexual penetration without the use of a condom
Frederick, BJ (2013), ""Delinquent boys": Toward a new understanding of "deviance" and transgression in gay men" (PDF), Critical Criminology, 21 (4): 139–149
Bareback_(sexual_act)
Sociological term for "normlessness"
anomie with deviance, arguing that the discontinuity between culture and structure have the dysfunctional consequence of leading to deviance within society
Anomie
Penetrative sexual activity for reproduction or sexual pleasure
Specified: Psychopathology and theory". In Laws DR, O'Donohue WT (eds.). Sexual Deviance, Second Edition: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment. New York: The Guilford
Sexual_intercourse
French sociologist (1858–1917)
thought deviance to be an essential component of a functional society. He believed that deviance had three possible effects on society: Deviance challenges
Émile_Durkheim
youth and health". Alice Bolin, writing for Racked in 2016, observed that "deviance from gender norms is not 'presidential'", but that Trump had managed to
Makeup_of_Donald_Trump
1986 breakup of American orbiter
published The Challenger Launch Decision: Risky Technology, Culture, and Deviance at NASA, which argues that NASA's structure and mission, rather than just
Space Shuttle Challenger disaster
Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster
Woman assigned male at birth
required.) Forsyth, Craig J.; Copes, Heith (2014). Encyclopedia of Social Deviance. SAGE Publications. p. 740. ISBN 978-1-4833-6469-8. Archived from the original
Trans_woman
inhibiting its availability and increasing the receptors' degradation.50 The primary indication is for metastatic prostate cancer, although it has been used
Medical_uses_of_bicalutamide
Behavior or process that undermines individuality of and in others
function as dehumanizing labels because they tended to act as markers of deviance. One pair of studies found that subjects were more likely to associate
Dehumanization
American politician (born 1933)
agents who committed rape, sexual crimes against children, other sexual deviance and misconduct, attempted murder of a spouse, and narcotics violations
Chuck_Grassley
Anal or oral sex with people, any sex with an animal, non-procreative sex
common in Germanic protohistory (as according to Germanic folklore, sexual deviance and especially same-sex desire were caused by a form of malevolence or
Sodomy
Conservative political initiative in the United States
2025's Mandate, Kevin Roberts argues that pornography promotes sexual deviance, the sexualization of children, and the exploitation of women; is not protected
Project_2025
Scientific study of human society and relationships
social mobility, religion, secularization, law, sexuality, gender, and deviance. Recent studies have added socio-technical aspects of the digital divide
Sociology
British broadcaster, journalist and former politician (born 1953)
Lord Tebbit accusing Portillo of lying about the extent of his sexual "deviance", and similar comments from an associate included in a profile of Portillo
Michael_Portillo
Sexual attraction toward the elderly
Specified: Psychopathology and Theory". In Laws, D. Richard (ed.). Sexual Deviance: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment, 2nd edition. The Guilford Press. p
Gerontophilia
Clash of beliefs or values
conflict that occurs when conflicting norms create "opportunities for deviance and criminal gain in deviant subcultures." Kornblum notes that, whenever
Cultural_conflict
Personality disorder
individual psychiatric condition, as a reflection of broader social norms about deviance, and as shaped by institutional and political systems such as incarceration
Antisocial personality disorder
Antisocial_personality_disorder
Queen of France from 1774 to 1792
emotional relationship. Around this time, pamphlets describing farcical sexual deviance including the queen and her friends in the court were growing in popularity
Marie_Antoinette
Third gender of South Asian cultures
India". In Freilich, Morris; Raybeck, Douglas; Savishinsky, Joel S. (eds.). Deviance: Anthropological Perspectives. Bergin & Garvey. ISBN 978-0-89789-204-9
Hijra_(South_Asia)
Type of discrimination or disapproval
society of saints, a perfect cloister of exemplary individuals. Crimes or deviance, properly so-called, will there be unknown; but faults, which appear venial
Social_stigma
2010s–present technological convergence era
beginning of an imagination age, where creativity and imagination become the primary drivers of economic value. The phrase Fourth Industrial Revolution was
Fourth_Industrial_Revolution
Term referring to a homosexual person
also acquired the pejorative meaning within youth culture. LGBTQ portal Deviance (sociology) – Action or behavior that violates social norms Gay bashing –
Gay
19th-century British sexual art and literature
especially in theatre and literature. Sex was often illustrated by stories of deviance and scandal. It is argued that some Victorian erotica rests on techniques
Victorian_erotica
Aboriginal Australian nation of New South Wales
Go-Betweens". In Jackson, Will; Manktelow, Emily (eds.). Subverting Empire: Deviance and Disorder in the British Colonial World. Springer. pp. 22–42. ISBN 978-1-137-46587-0
Eora
2017 American crime thriller television series
The ADT serviceman's wife gives him a pamphlet about overcoming sexual deviance. Tench begins to look into the BTK killer and, with Ford's help, notices
Mindhunter_(TV_series)
Widespread moral panic alleging abuse
Erich; Ben-Yahuda, Nachman (1994). Moral Panics: The Social Construction of Deviance. Cambridge, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-631-18905-3. Rice, Joshua
Satanic_panic
Medical condition
can be used for medical definitions, including pathology, symptomology, deviance from a normal range, or etiology, and that the same is true for mental
Mental_disorder
Feminine qualities in boys or men
Halperin compares "universalising" and "minoritising" notions of gender deviance: "'Softness' either may represent the specter of potential gender failure
Effeminacy
Head of the Catholic Church from 1978 to 2005
scandals and emphasised the role of seminary training to prevent sexual deviance among future priests. In what The New York Times called "unusually direct
Pope_John_Paul_II
Speaker, author, and transgender advocate
Worthen, Meredith G. F.; Dirks, Danielle (2016). "Gender and Deviance". Sexual Deviance and Society: A sociological examination. Abingdon, UK: Routledge
Thomas_Beatie
Tattoos associated with criminal activity and gang membership
and/or means of personal expression. Tattoos have been associated with deviance, personality disorders, and criminality. However, there is no causal relationship
Criminal_tattoo
Gender identity differing from sex assigned at birth
Lifestyles". In Forsyth, Craig J.; Copes, Heith (eds.). Encyclopedia of Social Deviance. SAGE Publications. ISBN 978-1-4833-6469-8. "Glossary of Terms: Transgender"
Transgender
affiliation of ex-DEViANCE members is a reoccurring argument between groups. Describing members of a modern warez group as ex-DEViANCE became something
List_of_warez_groups
Form of child abuse
Richard; O'Donohue, William T. (1997). "H. E. Barbaree, M. C. Seto". Sexual Deviance: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment. Guilford Press. pp. 175–93. ISBN 978-1-57230-241-9
Child_sexual_abuse
Attitudes and behaviors towards sex in ancient Rome
upperclass households. "Homosexual" and "heterosexual" did not form the primary dichotomy of Roman thinking about sexuality, and no Latin words for these
Sexuality_in_ancient_Rome
Separation between human breasts
Group. p. 9. ISBN 978-0275985837. Morrison, D.E.; Holden, C.P. (1971). "Deviance and Change". In Manning, P.K. (ed.). The Burning Bra: The American Breast
Cleavage_(breasts)
Expulsion of fluid during orgasm
the discussion in only five separate ways; procreation, sexual pleasure, deviance, pathology, and a scientific mystery. The discussion entered popular culture
Female_ejaculation
Personality construct
clearer picture of the Big Five and Dark Triad as predictors of workplace deviance". Journal of Applied Psychology. 106 (12): 1950–1961. doi:10.1037/apl0000880
Machiavellianism_(psychology)
Seeking of a third partner by a couple
1177/13634607221107821. Griffiths, Heather; Frobish, Todd S. (November 2013). "Virtual Deviance: Swinging and Swapping in an On-Line Network". Deviant Behavior. 34 (11):
Unicorn_hunting
Concept in sociology and social psychology
of behaviors that have become typical among group members; in case of deviance, negative sanctions follow. Gender has played a crucial role in our societal
Role_theory
Peoples Temple cult settlement in Guyana
Danny L (April 1, 1980). "The Social Construction and Interpretation of Deviance: Jonestown and the Mass Media". Deviant Behavior. 1 (3–4): 309–312. doi:10
Jonestown
American writer and feminist activist (1934–1992)
capitalist" social hierarchy. "We speak not of human difference, but of human deviance," she writes. In this respect, her ideology coincides with womanism, which
Audre_Lorde
Japanese fashion subculture
12, 2022. Turney, Joanne (July 25, 2019). Fashion Crimes: Dressing for Deviance. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78831-564-7. Keliyan, Maya (December
Gyaru
Employee behavior that goes against the legitimate interests of an organization
the CWB term to subsume related constructs that are distinct: Workplace deviance is behavior at work that violates norms for appropriate behavior. Retaliation
Counterproductive work behavior
Counterproductive_work_behavior
French philosopher (1926–1984)
that are intolerable, quite unacceptable."[non-primary source needed] Foucault considered his primary project to be the investigation of how people through
Michel_Foucault
Weber's classification of authority into three parts
(legal-rational). Weber also conceived of these three types within his three primary modes of conflict: traditional authority within status groups, charismatic
Tripartite classification of authority
Tripartite_classification_of_authority
War crimes committed by the Empire of Japan
Machine. United States Navy. Ben-Yehuda, Nachman (15 July 2013). Atrocity, Deviance, and Submarine Warfare: Norms and Practices During the World Wars. University
Japanese_war_crimes
Metaphor for a person within a social group
This section relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this section by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: "Missing
Missing_stair
Motorcycle subculture
purposes of maintaining a dominance myth of women by men and amplifying the deviance of the male club members. These myths about the women are: that they are
Outlaw_motorcycle_club
Fundamentalist movement within Sunni Islam
here" [in Saudi Arabia] and challenged users of the term to locate any "deviance of the form of Islam practiced in Saudi Arabia from the teachings of the
Wahhabism
Formal disaffiliation of a religious belief
of Florida, in his book The Social Construction and Interpretation of Deviance: Jonestown and the Mass Media argues that the role of the media in constructing
Apostasy
American television talk show host (1932–2001)
(1990). Marginal Conventions: Popular Culture, Mass Media, and Social Deviance. Popular Press. p. 173. ISBN 9780879724900. Retrieved August 17, 2014.
Morton_Downey_Jr.
2021. Gudmundson, Carolyn (August 31, 2010). "Pokemon Monday 15 - Ditto deviance, Pokemon Black / White Wii Features". GamesRadar+. Archived from the original
List_of_generation_I_Pokémon
Field of studies related to crimes
high rates of population turnover. This theory suggests that crime and deviance are valued within groups in society, 'subcultures' or 'gangs'. These groups
Criminology
Branch of Orthodox Judaism
Retrieved February 23, 2014. Bryant 2012: "Haredi press rarely reports on deviance and unconventionality among Haredim. Thus, most reports are based on the
Haredi_Judaism
2013 edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Psychiatric Babel. Springer. ISBN 978-94-017-9764-1. Murphy D (2015). "Deviant deviance": Cultural diversity in DSM-5" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF)
DSM-5
Homosexual woman or girl
in the late nineteenth century with the formulation of types of sexual deviance, especially homosexuality. ...Taking "lesbian" as an adjective, however
Lesbian
American teacher and astronaut (1948–1986)
(1996). The Challenger launch decision: risky technology, culture, and deviance at NASA. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. p. 16. ISBN 0-226-85176-1
Christa_McAuliffe
Fetish involving sexual attraction to corpses
Specified: Psychopathology and Theory". In Laws, D. Richard (ed.). Sexual Deviance: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment, 2nd edition. The Guilford Press. p
Necrophilia
Skin modification using ink to create designs
Joshua (2012). "The Relationship between Tattooing and Deviance in Contemporary Society". Deviance Today: 137–145. "Society And Tattoos". HuffPost UK. 4
Tattoo
Facility where people are kept as punishment
to house those awaiting trial (pre-trial detention). Prisons serve two primary functions within the criminal-justice system: holding people charged with
Prison
Group of fictional characters
(ed.). Marginal Conventions: Popular Culture, Mass Media, and Social Deviance. Bowling Green State University Popular Press. p. 122. ISBN 0-87972-489-7
List of He-Man and the Masters of the Universe characters
List_of_He-Man_and_the_Masters_of_the_Universe_characters
German fascist ideology
Sterilization was also mandated for chronic alcoholism and other forms of social deviance. An estimated 360,000 people were sterilised between 1933-39. Although
Nazism
Act of sexual abuse
than or equal to 18 years. The first-stage sampling frame contained 2,919 primary sampling units (PSUs), consisting of two- and four-year colleges and universities
Sexual_assault
LGBTQ celebration event
April 5, 1972, as a protest against the International Congress on Sexual Deviance organized by the Catholic-inspired Italian Center of Sexology. The event
Pride_parade
King of England from 1272 to 1307
Moore, R. I. (2006). The Formation of a Persecuting Society: Authority and Deviance in Western Europe 950–1250 (2nd ed.). Malden, Oxford and Victoria: Blackwell
Edward_I
Attempted assassin of George Wallace (born 1950)
required) Clarke, James W. (1981). "Emotional Deprivation and Political Deviance: Some Observations on Governor Wallace's Would-Be Assassin, Arthur H. Bremer"
Arthur_Bremer
Worldwide economic crisis
Perfect Storm". Economic Crisis and Crime. Sociology of Crime, Law and Deviance. pp. 25–45. doi:10.1108/S1521-6136(2011)0000016005. ISBN 978-0-85724-801-5
2008_financial_crisis
Personal value, basis for ethical action
loose in relation to how much they adhere to social norms and tolerates deviance. Tight cultures are more restrictive, with stricter disciplinary measures
Value_(ethics)
American politician (1940–2026)
earlier immigration law which allowed persons to be excluded for a sexual deviance "afflict[ion]". He said in a 1996 interview: "I'm used to being in the
Barney_Frank
Medieval French nobleman and convicted serial killer
the influence of crime reporting, a fascination with criminal and sexual deviance, and sensibilities drawn to the macabre and the fantastique," as researcher
Gilles_de_Rais
Brand of sex dolls
valley Weird Science (film) Worthen, Meredith G. F. (10 June 2016). Sexual Deviance and Society: A sociological examination. Routledge. pp. 264–. ISBN 978-1-317-59337-9
RealDoll
Justice to those who have committed crimes
combine the practical and technical policing skills with a study of social deviance as a whole. Criminal justice degrees are offered at both the two-year community
Criminal_justice
Warez group founded in June 2004
and RLD) is a warez group founded in June 2004 from the ex-members of DEViANCE. They released and cracked Spore 4 days before its release date and a beta
Reloaded_(warez)
State in northwestern India
Machine. Bhangra.org. Retrieved on 18 January 2012. Social control and deviance: a South Asian community in Scotland. Ashgate. 1 January 2000. ISBN 9781840145885
Punjab,_India
PRIMARY DEVIANCE
PRIMARY DEVIANCE
Girl/Female
Hindu
Love, Affection
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Jain, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sikh, Telugu
The Best; Being Supreme; Primary; Perfect; Ultimate
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Antecedent; Preceding; Another Name for God; Primary; First; Former
Boy/Male
English French
Servant of the priory.
Girl/Female
Latin
Firstborn.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
The Primal Energy
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
The Primal Idol
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
The Primal God
Boy/Male
Arabic
Secrecy; Privacy
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
The Primal Lakshmi
Girl/Female
Australian, French, German, Italian, Latin, Swedish
First-born
Boy/Male
Tamil
The primal God
Boy/Male
Muslim
Another name of God, Primary, First
Boy/Male
Hindu
The primal God
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.Serbian : unexplained.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
The Primal Residue
Boy/Male
Arabic
Secrecy; Privacy
Boy/Male
Indian
Another name of God, Primary, First
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
The Primal Root
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
The Primal Mother
PRIMARY DEVIANCE
PRIMARY DEVIANCE
Girl/Female
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Sanskrit, Traditional
Flute
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lord of the earth, The hero of stunts
Girl/Female
Tamil
Kind to people
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Telugu
Desire; Wish
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
God Name; Poet
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Beautiful; Courageous
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Wrapped
Boy/Male
Muslim
Abdul Hafiz | عبدول ØاÙیظ
Servant of the guardian (Allah), Servant of the protector
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Smile
Girl/Female
Australian, Irish
Mainland
PRIMARY DEVIANCE
PRIMARY DEVIANCE
PRIMARY DEVIANCE
PRIMARY DEVIANCE
PRIMARY DEVIANCE
adv.
At first; primarily.
a.
Worthy of the palm; palmy; preeminent; superior; principal; chief; as, palmary work.
a.
Of or pertaining to the urine; as, the urinary bladder; urinary excretions.
a.
Illustrating, possessing, or characterized by, some quality or property in the first degree; having undergone the first stage of substitution or replacement.
n.
That which stands first in order, rank, or importance; a chief matter.
adv.
In a primary manner; in the first place; in the first place; in the first intention; originally.
a.
First; original; primary.
pl.
of Prima donna
a.
First in dignity or importance; chief; principal; as, primary planets; a matter of primary importance.
a.
First in order, as being preparatory to something higher; as, primary assemblies; primary schools.
n.
A kind of type, of which there are two species; one, called long primer, intermediate in size between bourgeois and small pica [see Long primer]; the other, called great primer, larger than pica.
a.
First; primary; original; chief.
a.
The office, rank, or character of a primate; the chief ecclesiastical station or dignity in a national church; the office or dignity of an archbishop; as, the primacy of England.
n.
The office, dignity, or position of a primate; primacy.
n.
A primary meeting; a caucus.
a.
Primitive; primary; original.
pl.
of Primary
pref.
Chief; primary; primordial.
n.
A primary planet; the brighter component of a double star. See under Planet.
n.
One of the large feathers on the distal joint of a bird's wing. See Plumage, and Illust. of Bird.