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Interactive, extensible programming language type
Polymorphic Programming Language (PPL) was developed in 1969 at Harvard University by Thomas A. Standish. It is an interactive, extensible language with
Polymorphic Programming Language
Polymorphic_Programming_Language
Using one interface or symbol with regards to multiple different types
the defining features of the array programming languages, like APL. The essence of the rank-polymorphic programming model is implicitly treating all operations
Polymorphism (programming language theory)
Polymorphism_(programming_language_theory)
Programming language
ABC is an imperative general-purpose programming language and integrated development environment (IDE) developed at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI)
ABC_(programming_language)
General purpose functional programming language
polymorphism in programming in 1978, which laid out the ideas of what it meant for a program to be well-typed in the context of a polymorphic (generic) type
ML_(programming_language)
Programming paradigm based on applying and composing functions
functional programming is a programming paradigm where programs are constructed by applying and composing functions. It is a declarative programming paradigm
Functional_programming
record of notable programming languages, by decade. History of computing hardware History of programming languages Programming language Timeline of computing
Timeline of programming languages
Timeline_of_programming_languages
Topics referred to by the same term
football league in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia Polymorphic Programming Language Prairies Premier League, a Canadian association football league
PPL
List of programming languages types and the languages that meet its description
λProlog (a logic programming language featuring polymorphic typing, modular programming, and higher-order programming) Oz, and Mozart Programming System cross-platform
List of programming languages by type
List_of_programming_languages_by_type
Microsoft programming language
strongly typed, multi-paradigm programming language that encompasses functional, imperative, and object-oriented programming methods. It is most often used
F Sharp (programming language)
F_Sharp_(programming_language)
Functional programming language for arrays
spreadsheets, functional programming, and computer math packages. It has also inspired several other programming languages. A mathematical notation for
APL_(programming_language)
Functional logic programming language
purely declarative logic programming language. It is related to both Prolog and Haskell. It features a strong, static, polymorphic type system, and a strong
Mercury (programming language)
Mercury_(programming_language)
Extent to which a programming language discourages type errors
safety is the extent to which a programming language discourages or prevents type errors.[vague] Type-safe languages are sometimes also called strongly
Type_safety
Type whose definition depends on a value
logic's quantifiers like "for all" and "there exists". In functional programming languages like Agda, ATS, Rocq (previously known as Coq), F*, Epigram, Idris
Dependent_type
Programming language
Objective Caml) is a general-purpose, high-level, multi-paradigm programming language which extends the Caml dialect of ML with object-oriented features
OCaml
Programming languages with runtime extensibility
A dynamic programming language is a type of programming language that allows various operations to be determined and executed at runtime. This is different
Dynamic_programming_language
General-purpose programming language
high-level general-purpose programming language that supports both object-oriented programming and functional programming. Designed to be concise, many
Scala_(programming_language)
Language for controlling a computer
A programming language is an engineered language for expressing computer programs, typically allowing software to be written in a human readable manner
Programming_language
Programming language
Java-syntax-compatible object-oriented programming language for the Java platform. It is both a static and dynamic language with features similar to those of
Apache_Groovy
Programming language by David Turner
a lazy, purely functional programming language designed by David Turner as a successor to his earlier programming languages SASL and KRC, using some concepts
Miranda (programming language)
Miranda_(programming_language)
Polymorphic association is a term used in discussions of object–relational mapping (ORM) with respect to the problem of representing in the relational
Polymorphic_association
Programming language
logic programming. Morgan Kaufmann. "The Flix Programming Language - Principles". flix.dev. Retrieved 28 August 2020. "Taming Impurity with Polymorphic Effects"
Flix_(programming_language)
Programming language that uses first order logic
logic. Unlike many other programming languages, Prolog is intended primarily as a declarative programming language: the program is a set of facts and rules
Prolog
General-purpose functional programming language
functional programming language with compile-time type checking and type inference. It is popular for writing compilers, for programming language research
Standard_ML
Named container for a particular type of data
In some high-level programming languages, a variable is an abstract storage or indirection location paired with an associated symbolic name, which contains
Variable (high-level programming language)
Variable_(high-level_programming_language)
Programming language
and logic programming, including constraint programming integration. It is nearly a superset of Haskell but does not support all language extensions
Curry_(programming_language)
Dynamic programming language
Julia is a dynamic general-purpose programming language. As a high-level language, distinctive aspects of Julia's design include a type system with parametric
Julia_(programming_language)
Basis of generic programming
the basis of generic programming. Parametric polymorphism may be contrasted with ad hoc polymorphism. Parametrically polymorphic definitions are uniform:
Parametric_polymorphism
of programming languages spans from documentation of early mechanical computers to modern tools for software development. Early programming languages were
History of programming languages
History_of_programming_languages
Type theory concept
In programming language theory, parametricity is an abstract uniformity property enjoyed by parametrically polymorphic functions, which captures the intuition
Parametricity
Implementation of Microsoft's event-driven programming language Visual Basic 6
Applications (VBA) is an implementation of Microsoft's event-driven programming language Visual Basic 6.0 built into most desktop Microsoft Office applications
Visual_Basic_for_Applications
Style of computer programming
Generic programming is a style of computer programming in which algorithms are written in terms of data types to-be-specified-later that are then instantiated
Generic_programming
Design pattern in software development
Skeleton programming is a style of computer programming based on simple high-level program structures and so called dummy code. Program skeletons resemble
Skeleton (computer programming)
Skeleton_(computer_programming)
Programming language
high-level, functional programming language. It is a dialect of the programming language ML, designed by Hongwei Xi to unify computer programming with formal specification
ATS_(programming_language)
Basic programming language construct
In computer programming, an operator is a programming language construct that provides functionality that may not be possible to define as a user-defined
Operator (computer programming)
Operator_(computer_programming)
Purely functional programming language
SASL (St Andrews Static Language, alternatively St Andrews Standard Language) is a purely functional programming language developed by David Turner at
SASL_(programming_language)
Computer science concept
A programming language consists of a system of allowed sequences of symbols (constructs) together with rules that define how each construct is interpreted
Type_system
List of programming software
This list of JVM languages comprises notable computer programming languages that are used to produce computer software that runs on the Java Virtual Machine
List_of_JVM_languages
Kind of polymorphism
In programming language type theory, row polymorphism is a kind of polymorphism that allows one to write programs that are structurally (rather than nominally)
Row_polymorphism
Function that is tied to a particular instance or class
class. Abstract methods are used to specify interfaces in some programming languages. The following Java code shows an abstract class that needs to be
Method_(computer_programming)
Typed lambda calculus
System F (also polymorphic lambda calculus or second-order lambda calculus) is a typed lambda calculus that introduces, to simply typed lambda calculus
System_F
Type system in computer science
hoc polymorphism in a programming language. This is achieved by adding constraints to type variables in parametrically polymorphic types. Such a constraint
Type_class
Object Pascal-based programming language
Oxygene (formerly named Chrome) is a programming language developed by RemObjects Software for Microsoft's Common Language Infrastructure, the Java platform
Oxygene (programming language)
Oxygene_(programming_language)
Programming language runtime optimization technique
number of different types, some language runtimes employ a technique called polymorphic inline caching. With polymorphic inline caching, once a call site
Inline_caching
Programming language environment
in the Ch Programming Language". Scientific Programming: 76–106. Cheng, Harry (1993). "Scientific Computing in the Ch Programming Language". Scientific
Ch_(computer_programming)
Process of deriving classes from, and organizing them into, a hierarchy
both class-based and prototype-based programming, but in narrow use the term is reserved for class-based programming (one class inherits from another),
Inheritance (object-oriented programming)
Inheritance_(object-oriented_programming)
Object that creates other objects
patterns. In class-based programming, a factory is an abstraction of a constructor of a class, while in prototype-based programming a factory is an abstraction
Factory (object-oriented programming)
Factory_(object-oriented_programming)
Relational database programming language
programming language, not an imperative programming language like C or BASIC. However, extensions to Standard SQL add procedural programming language
SQL
Patterns Policy-based design Polymorphic Primitive data type private, a way of encapsulation in object-oriented programming Programming paradigm protected, a
Index of object-oriented programming articles
Index_of_object-oriented_programming_articles
Term for abstraction in computer programming
behavior of the code is not immediately apparent. For example, Perl's polymorphic typing and closure mechanisms are often called "magic". The term implies
Magic_(programming)
Programming paradigm
programming allows functionalities that span multiple of such tiers to be developed in a single compilation unit using a single programming language.
Multitier_programming
Software design pattern
common syntax for invoking multiple method calls in object-oriented programming languages. Each method returns an object, allowing the calls to be chained
Curiously recurring template pattern
Curiously_recurring_template_pattern
Automatic detection of the type of an expression in a formal language
polymorphic references. By design, type inference will infer the most general type appropriate. However, many languages, especially older programming
Type_inference
polymorphic type checking in B" (PDF). ACM Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages (POPL), Austin, Texas. Mycroft, Alan (1984). "Polymorphic
Polymorphic_recursion
Software to run programming languages
demands made by Raku and other modern dynamic languages. Version 1.0, with a stable application programming interface (API) for development, was released
Parrot_virtual_machine
Applying polymorphic functions to arguments of different types
In programming languages, ad hoc polymorphism is a kind of polymorphism in which polymorphic functions can be applied to arguments of different types
Ad_hoc_polymorphism
functional programming language with non-strict semantics. Features include: higher-order functions, a Milner-style statically type-checked polymorphic type
Id_(programming_language)
This comparison of programming languages (associative arrays) compares the features of associative array data structures or array-lookup processing for
Comparison of programming languages (associative array)
Comparison_of_programming_languages_(associative_array)
Design pattern in functional programming to build generic types
"monad" in programming dates to the APL and J programming languages, which do tend toward being purely functional. However, in those languages, "monad"
Monad (functional programming)
Monad_(functional_programming)
Typographical mark (`) (Freestanding grave accent)
OCaml: The backtick indicates polymorphic variants. Pico: The backtick indicates comments in the programming language. PowerShell: The backtick is used
Backtick
C-like programming language
pronounced C minus minus) is a C-like programming language, designed to be generated mainly by compilers for high-level languages rather than written by human
C--
In programming languages, the object or class the currently running code belongs to
this, self, and Me are keywords used in some computer programming languages to refer to the object, class, or other entity which the currently running
This_(computer_programming)
Compiler for Haskell programming language
Compiler (GHC) is a native or machine code compiler for the functional programming language Haskell. It provides a cross-platform software environment for writing
Glasgow_Haskell_Compiler
of researchers of programming language theory, design, implementation, and related areas. Martín Abadi, for the programming language Baby Modula-3 and
List of programming language researchers
List_of_programming_language_researchers
Higher-order function Y for which Y f = f (Y f)
combinators can be defined in the lambda calculus and in functional programming languages, and provide a means to allow for recursive definitions. In the
Fixed-point_combinator
System which describes the computational effects of computer programs
a research language centered around effect handlers and polymorphic effects. Haskell is a statically typed functional programming language with several
Effect_system
Computer program that modifies other programs to replicate itself and spread
article describes a fully functional virus written in assembler programming language for a SIEMENS 4004/35 computer system. In 1980, Jürgen Kraus wrote
Computer_virus
Source code that alters its instructions to the hardware while executing
programming Monkey patch: a modification to runtime code that does not affect a program's original source code Extensible programming: a programming paradigm
Self-modifying_code
object system with parametric classes and methods Polymorphic and parametric functional programming Production rules triggered by events Versioned snapshots
Claire_(programming_language)
Planning programming language
representing relations between the objects. The PDDL language also uses principles from Object-oriented programming (OOP), in that the domain description has an
Planning Domain Definition Language
Planning_Domain_Definition_Language
Programming language feature
In computer programming, run-time type information or run-time type identification (RTTI) is a feature of some programming languages (such as C++, Object
Run-time_type_information
Compile-time transformation
In programming languages, monomorphization is a compile-time process where polymorphic functions are replaced by many monomorphic functions for each unique
Monomorphization
Computer programming language
lambda Prolog, is a logic programming language featuring polymorphic typing, modular programming, and higher-order programming. These extensions to Prolog
ΛProlog
Relationship between programs and proofs
In programming language theory and proof theory, the Curry–Howard correspondence is a direct relationship between computer programs and mathematical proofs
Curry–Howard_correspondence
languages supporting parametric polymorphism (generics) such as Java, C# and Scala. The purpose of bounded quantification is to allow for polymorphic
Bounded_quantification
Croft's later one in C under Unix, and KRC was the main language used for teaching functional programming at the University of Kent at Canterbury (UK) from
Kent_Recursive_Calculator
Open-source, strongly-typed database
Christoph; Pribadi, Haikal (June 2024). "TypeQL: A Type-Theoretic & Polymorphic Query Language". Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data. 2 (2): 1–27. doi:10
TypeDB
Component of the C++ Standard Library
std::allocator<T> <memory_resource>, for the runtime polymorphic allocator std::pmr::polymorphic_allocator<T> <scoped_allocator>, for the multi-level
Allocator_(C++)
2011 edition of the C++ programming language standard
and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), for the C++ programming language. C++11 replaced the prior version of the C++ standard, named C++03
C++11
Type system used in computer programming and mathematics
preferably used for functional programming languages. It was first implemented as part of the type system of the programming language ML. Since then, HM has been
Hindley–Milner_type_system
Collection of classes and functions used in the C++ programming language
In the C++ programming language, the C++ Standard Library is a collection of classes and functions, which are written in the core language and part of
C++_Standard_Library
Computer science constructs
deferreds are constructs used for synchronizing program execution in some concurrent programming languages. Each is an object that acts as a proxy for a
Futures_and_promises
Programming language concept
reversed for the complex types. A programming language designer will consider variance when devising typing rules for language features such as arrays, inheritance
Type_variance
This article compares a large number of programming languages by tabulating their data types, their expression, statement, and declaration syntax, and
Comparison of programming languages (basic instructions)
Comparison_of_programming_languages_(basic_instructions)
2023 edition of the C++ programming language standard
formally ISO/IEC 14882:2024, is a version standard for the C++ programming language, published in 2024. It follows C++20, and was replaced by C++26 in
C++23
Mathematical theory of data types
in programming: it specifies what kind of thing an expression is and how it may be used. Type theories are used in the study of programming languages (type
Type_theory
Range of mainframe computers in the 1960s and 70s
for how to optimize a computer's instruction set for particular programming languages. "Burroughs Large Systems" referred to all of these large-system
Burroughs_Large_Systems
Memory allocation scheme
ML, a functional programming language, using a different algorithm based on type inference and the theoretical concepts of polymorphic region types and
Region-based memory management
Region-based_memory_management
Revision of the C++ programming language released in 2026
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 14882 standard for the C++ programming language that follows C++23, officially shipped by WG21 on 28 March 2026.
C++26
Generative AI chatbot by OpenAI
about internet phenomena such as bulletin board systems, multiple programming languages, and the text of Wikipedia. ChatGPT initially used a Microsoft Azure
ChatGPT
Computer science process
dynamic dispatch is the process of selecting which implementation of a polymorphic operation (method or function) to call at run time. It is commonly employed
Dynamic_dispatch
Data abstraction problem in programming languages
The statement of the problem exposes deficiencies in programming paradigms and programming languages. Philip Wadler, one of the co-authors of Haskell, has
Expression_problem
Data type in computer science
In computer programming, a collection is an abstract data type that is a grouping of items that can be used in a polymorphic way. Often, the items are
Collection (abstract data type)
Collection_(abstract_data_type)
the first robustly implemented language to combine a polymorphic type system with orthogonal persistence. The language was robustly implemented and released
Napier88
2017 edition of the C++ programming language standard
C++17 is a version of the ISO/IEC 14882 standard for the C++ programming language. C++17 replaced the prior version of the C++ standard, called C++14,
C++17
Research computer scientist
functional programming covers software verification and validation, programming tool-building, and software testing for the functional programming languages Erlang
Simon_Thompson_(professor)
in programming and computing. Matthias Felleisen and PLT began the effort in January 1995, one day after the Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages
ProgramByDesign
Programming language
visual programming language and environment, for writing application software. It is an experimental, research attempt to develop a new programming model
Subtext (programming language)
Subtext_(programming_language)
Programming language feature
science, a programming language is said to have first-class functions if it treats functions as first-class citizens. This means the language supports passing
First-class_function
Syntactic construct for creating a list based on existing lists
A list comprehension is a syntactic construct available in some programming languages for creating a list based on existing lists. It follows the form
List_comprehension
RDF query language
disjunctions, and optional patterns. Implementations for multiple programming languages exist. There exist tools that allow one to connect and semi-automatically
SPARQL
POLYMORPHIC PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGE
POLYMORPHIC PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGE
Surname or Lastname
English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, etc.
English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, etc. : from the Latin personal name Lucas (Greek Loukas) ‘man from Lucania’. Lucania is a region of southern Italy thought to have been named in ancient times with a word meaning ‘bright’ or ‘shining’. Compare Lucio. The Christian name owed its enormous popularity throughout Europe in the Middle Ages to St. Luke the Evangelist, hence the development of this surname and many vernacular derivatives in most of the languages of Europe. Compare Luke. This is also found as an Americanized form of Greek Loukas.Scottish : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Lùcais (see McLucas).As a French name Lucas has been recorded in Canada since 1653, taken to Trois Rivières, Quebec, by one Lucas-Lépine from Normandy.
Surname or Lastname
English, French, and German
English, French, and German : from the vernacular form of the Hebrew personal name Yehuda ‘Judah’ (of unknown meaning). In the Bible, this is the name of Jacob’s eldest son. It was not a popular name among Christians in medieval Europe, because of the associations it had with Judas Iscariot, the disciple who betrayed Christ for thirty pieces of silver. Among Jews, however, the Hebrew name and its reflexes in various Jewish languages (such as Yiddish Yude) have been popular for generations, and have given rise to many Jewish surnames.French : name for a Jew, Old French jude (Latin Iudaeus, Greek Ioudaios, from Hebrew Yehudi ‘member of the tribe of Judah’).English : from a pet form of Jordan.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a Latinist, a clerk who wrote documents in Latin, from Anglo-Norman French latinier, latim(m)ier. Latin was more or less the universal language of official documents in the Middle Ages, displaced only gradually by the vernacular—in England, by Anglo-Norman French at first, and eventually by English.
Surname or Lastname
English and Dutch
English and Dutch : from Latin Marcus, the personal name of St. Mark the Evangelist, author of the second Gospel. The name was borne also by a number of other early Christian saints. Marcus was an old Roman name, of uncertain (possibly non-Italic) etymology; it may have some connection with the name of the war god Mars. Compare Martin. The personal name was not as popular in England in the Middle Ages as it was on the Continent, especially in Italy, where the evangelist became the patron of Venice and the Venetian Republic, and was allegedly buried at Aquileia. As an American family name, this has absorbed cognate and similar names from other European languages, including Greek Markos and Slavic Marek.English, German, and Dutch (van der Mark) : topographic name for someone who lived on a boundary between two districts, from Middle English merke, Middle High German marc, Middle Dutch marke, merke, all meaning ‘borderland’. The German term also denotes an area of fenced-off land (see Marker 5) and, like the English word, is embodied in various place names which have given rise to habitational names.English (of Norman origin) : habitational name from Marck, Pas-de-Calais.German : from Marko, a short form of any of the Germanic compound personal names formed with mark ‘borderland’ as the first element, for example Markwardt.Americanization or shortened form of any of several like-sounding Jewish or Slavic surnames (see for example Markow, Markowitz, Markovich).Irish (northeastern Ulster) : probably a short form of Markey (when not of English origin).
Surname or Lastname
English and Welsh
English and Welsh : patronymic from the Middle English personal name Jon(e) (see John). The surname is especially common in Wales and southern central England. In North America this name has absorbed various cognate and like-sounding surnames from other languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988).
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : from a Germanic personal name composed of
the elements haim, heim ‘home’ + rīc ‘power’,
‘ruler’, introduced to England by the Normans in the form
Henri. During the Middle Ages this name became enormously
popular in England and was borne by eight kings. Continental forms of
the personal name were equally popular throughout Europe (German
Heinrich, French Henri, Italian Enrico and
Arrigo, Czech Jindřich, etc.). As an American family
name, the English form Henry has absorbed patronymics and many
other derivatives of this ancient name in continental European
languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.) In the period in
which the majority of English surnames were formed, a common English
vernacular form of the name was Harry, hence the surnames
Harris (southern) and Harrison (northern). Official
documents of the period normally used the Latinized form
Henricus. In medieval times, English Henry absorbed an
originally distinct Old English personal name that had hagan
‘hawthorn’. Compare Hain 2 as its first element, and there has
also been confusion with Amery.Irish : Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó hInnéirghe ‘descendant of
Innéirghe’, a byname based on éirghe
‘arising’.Irish : Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac ÉinrÃ
or Mac Einri, patronymics from the personal names
ÉinrÃ, Einri, Irish forms of Henry. It is
also found as a variant of McEnery.Jewish (American) : Americanized form of various like-sounding Ashkenazic Jewish names.A bearer of the name from the Touraine region of France is
documented in Quebec city in 1667. Another (also called
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the male personal name Manasseh, Hebrew Menashe ‘one who causes to forget’ (see Manasse), borne in the Middle Ages by Christians as well as by Jews. Hebrew Menashe and its reflexes in other Jewish languages have always been popular among Jews.English : occupational name for someone who made handles for agricultural and domestic implements, from an agent derivative of Anglo-Norman French mance ‘handle’ (Old French manche, Late Latin manicus, a derivative of manus ‘hand’).
Surname or Lastname
English, French, Danish, Dutch, and German
English, French, Danish, Dutch, and German : from a short form of the personal name Matthias (see Matthew) or any of its many cognates, for example Norman French Maheu.English, French, Dutch, and German : from a nickname or personal name taken from the month of May (Middle English, Old French mai, Middle High German meie, from Latin Maius (mensis), from Maia, a minor Roman goddess of fertility). This name was sometimes bestowed on someone born or baptized in the month of May; it was also used to refer to someone of a sunny disposition, or who had some anecdotal connection with the month of May, such as owing a feudal obligation then.English : nickname from Middle English may ‘young man or woman’.Irish (Connacht and Midlands) : when not of English origin (see 1–3 above), this is an Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Miadhaigh ‘descendant of Miadhach’, a personal name or byname meaning ‘honorable’, ‘proud’.French : habitational name from any of various places called May or Le May.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : habitational name from Mayen, a place in western Germany.Americanized spelling of cognates of 1 in various European languages, for example Swedish Ma(i)j.Chinese : possibly a variant of Mei 1, although this spelling occurs more often for the given name than for the surname.Cape May, at the mouth of Delaware Bay, is named after the Dutch explorer Cornelius Jacobsen May.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Jacob. As an American surname this name has absorbed cognates from other languages, for example Danish, Norwegian, and Dutch Jacobsen and Swedish Jacobsson.
Surname or Lastname
Americanized spelling of German Ludwig, Czech LudvÃk, Polish Ludwik, or cognates in other European languages.English
Americanized spelling of German Ludwig, Czech LudvÃk, Polish Ludwik, or cognates in other European languages.English : habitational name from Ludwick Hall in Bishops Hatfield, Hertfordshire, probably named from the Old English personal name Luda + Old English wÄ«c ‘outlying (dairy) farm’.
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, and northern Irish
English, Scottish, and northern Irish : patronymic from Jack 1. As an American surname this has absorbed other patronymics beginning with J- in various European languages.This extremely common British name was brought over by numerous different bearers in the 17th and 18th centuries. One forebear was the father and namesake of the seventh U.S. president, Andrew Jackson, who migrated to SC from Carrickfergus in the north of Ireland in 1765. The Confederate General Thomas ‘Stonewall’ Jackson came from VA, where his great-grandfather John, likewise of Scotch–Irish stock, had settled after emigrating to America in 1748.
Surname or Lastname
English, German, French, Jewish (Ashkenazic), Lithuanian, Czech and Slovak (Jonáš), and Hungarian (Jónás)
English, German, French, Jewish (Ashkenazic), Lithuanian, Czech and Slovak (Jonáš), and Hungarian (Jónás) : from a medieval personal name, which comes from the Hebrew male personal name Yona, meaning ‘dove’. In the book of the Bible which bears his name, Jonah was appointed by God to preach repentance to the city of Nineveh, but tried to flee instead to Tarshish. On the voyage to Tarshish, a great storm blew up, and Jonah was thrown overboard by his shipmates to appease God’s wrath, swallowed by a great fish, and delivered by it on the shores of Nineveh. This story exercised a powerful hold on the popular imagination in medieval Europe, and the personal name was a relatively common choice. The Hebrew name and its reflexes in other languages (for example Yiddish Yoyne) have been popular Jewish personal names for generations. There are also saints, martyrs, and bishops called Jonas venerated in the Orthodox Church. Ionas is found as a Greek family name.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : respelling of Yonis, with Yiddish possessive -s.
Surname or Lastname
English and French (Léonard)
English and French (Léonard) : from a Germanic personal name composed of the elements leo ‘lion’ (a late addition to the vocabulary of Germanic name elements, taken from Latin) + hard ‘hardy’, ‘brave’, ‘strong’, which was taken to England by the Normans. A saint of this name, who is supposed to have lived in the 6th century, but about whom nothing is known except for a largely fictional life dating from half a millennium later, was popular throughout Europe in the early Middle Ages and was regarded as the patron of peasants and horses.Irish (Fermanagh) : adopted as an English equivalent of Gaelic Mac Giolla Fhionáin or of Langan.Americanized form of Italian Leonardo or cognate forms in other European languages.The French Léonard family were at Château Richer, Quebec, by 1698, having come from Maine, France.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : status name or occupational name from Middle English, Old French maresc(h)al ‘marshal’. The term is of Germanic origin (compare Old High German marah ‘horse’, ‘mare’ + scalc ‘servant’). Originally it denoted a man who looked after horses, but by the heyday of medieval surname formation it denoted on the one hand one of the most important servants in a great household (in the royal household a high official of state, one with military responsibilities), and on the other a humble shoeing smith or farrier. It was also an occupational name for a medieval court officer responsible for the custody of prisoners. An even wider range of meanings is found in some other languages: compare for example Polish Marszałek (see Marszalek). The surname is also borne by Jews, presumably as an Americanized form of one or more like-sounding Jewish surnames.As the fourth chief justice of the U.S., John Marshall (1755–1835) was the principal architect in consolidating and defining the powers of the Supreme Court. He was a descendant of John Marshall of Ireland, who settled in Culpeper Co., VA, sometime before 1655.
Surname or Lastname
English, Welsh, German, etc.
English, Welsh, German, etc. : ultimately from the Hebrew personal name yÅÌ£hÄnÄn ‘Jehovah has favored (me with a son)’ or ‘may Jehovah favor (this child)’. This personal name was adopted into Latin (via Greek) as Johannes, and has enjoyed enormous popularity in Europe throughout the Christian era, being given in honor of St. John the Baptist, precursor of Christ, and of St. John the Evangelist, author of the fourth gospel, as well as others of the nearly one thousand other Christian saints of the name. Some of the principal forms of the personal name in other European languages are Welsh Ieuan, Evan, Siôn, and Ioan; Scottish Ia(i)n; Irish Séan; German Johann, Johannes, Hans; Dutch Jan; French Jean; Italian Giovanni, Gianni, Ianni; Spanish Juan; Portuguese João; Greek IÅannÄ“s (vernacular Yannis); Czech Jan; Russian Ivan. Polish has surnames both from the western Slavic form Jan and from the eastern Slavic form Iwan. There were a number of different forms of the name in Middle English, including Jan(e), a male name (see Jane); Jen (see Jenkin); Jon(e) (see Jones); and Han(n) (see Hann). There were also various Middle English feminine versions of this name (e.g. Joan, Jehan), and some of these were indistinguishable from masculine forms. The distinction on grounds of gender between John and Joan was not firmly established in English until the 17th century. It was even later that Jean and Jane were specialized as specifically feminine names in English; bearers of these surnames and their derivatives are more likely to derive them from a male ancestor than a female. As a surname in the British Isles, John is particularly frequent in Wales, where it is a late formation representing Welsh Siôn rather than the older form Ieuan (which gave rise to the surname Evan). As an American family name this form has absorbed various cognates from continental European languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.)
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : patronymic from the personal name John. As an American family name, Johnson has absorbed patronymics and many other derivatives of this name in continental European languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.)Johnson is the second most frequent surname in the U.S. It was brought independently to North America by many different bearers from the 17th and 18th centuries onward.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : from the Middle English personal name Ma(t)thew, vernacular form of the Greek New Testament name Matthias, Matthaios, which is ultimately from the Hebrew personal name Matityahu ‘gift of God’. This was taken into Latin as Mat(t)hias and Matthaeus respectively, the former being used for the twelfth apostle (who replaced Judas Iscariot) and the latter for the author of the first Gospel. In many European languages this distinction is reflected in different surname forms. The commonest vernacular forms of the personal name, including English Matthew, Old French Matheu, Spanish Mateo, Italian Matteo, Portuguese Mateus, Catalan and Occitan Mateu are generally derived from the form Matthaeus. The American surname Matthew has also absorbed European cognates from other languages, including Greek Mathias and Mattheos.It is found as a personal name among Christians in India, and in the U.S. is used as a family name among families from southern India.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a pet form of the female personal name Elizabeth. Compare Hibbs 2.English : nickname for someone with very fair hair or skin, from Middle English, Old English lilie ‘lily’ (Latin lilium). The Italian equivalent Giglio was used as a personal name in the Middle Ages. In English and other languages there has also been some confusion with forms of Giles.English : habitational name from places called Lilley, in Hertfordshire and Berkshire. The Hertfordshire place was named in Old English as ‘flax-glade’, from līn ‘flax’ + lēah ‘woodland clearing’. The Berkshire name is from Old English Lillinglēah ‘wood associated with Lilla’, an Old English personal name.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Matthew. In North America, this form has assimilated numerous vernacular derivatives in other languages of Latin Mat(t)hias and Matthaeus.Irish (Ulster and County Louth) : used as an Americanized form of McMahon.
Surname or Lastname
Scottish (of Norman origin)
Scottish (of Norman origin) : habitational name from any of various places in northern France named with Old Norse hagi ‘enclosure’, a word with cognates in most Germanic languages. Compare Hay.English : variant spelling of Haigh.Irish (County Cavan) : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Thaidhg (see McCaig).
POLYMORPHIC PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGE
POLYMORPHIC PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGE
Girl/Female
Welsh
magnificent.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Vale.Scottish : shortened form of Macvail, a variant of Macphail, an Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Phà il ‘son of Paul’.Irish : variant of Veale.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from North or South Elkington in Lincolnshire, so named from an Old English personal name (possibly Ä’a(n)lÄc) + Old English tÅ«n ‘enclosure’, ‘settlement’. Elkington in Northamptonshire is not the source of the family name: it did not acquire the name until 1617, before which it was Eltington or Elteton.
Boy/Male
Australian, German
Peace
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Old English hearm ‘evil’, ‘hurt’, ‘injury’.English and North German : from a short form of Harman, Hermann.South German : nickname from Middle High German harm ‘ermine’.
Boy/Male
Indian
Bringer of many glad tidings
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Chadwick.
Boy/Male
Scandinavian English
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Full of Virtue
Boy/Male
British, English, Latin
Laurel
POLYMORPHIC PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGE
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n.
The coexistence among individuals of the same species of three distinct forms, not connected, as a rule, by intermediate gradations; the condition among individuals of the same species of having three different shapes or proportions of corresponding parts; -- contrasted with polymorphism, and dimorphism.
n.
The suggestion, by objects, actions, or conditions, of ideas associated therewith; as, the language of flowers.
n.
Existence in many forms; the coexistence, in the same locality, of two or more distinct forms independent of sex, not connected by intermediate gradations, but produced from common parents.
n.
A substance capable of crystallizing in several distinct forms; also, any one of these forms. Cf. Allomorph.
a.
Of, pertaining to, or characterized by, trimorphism; -- contrasted with monomorphic, dimorphic, and polymorphic.
n. pl.
A Romanic people inhabiting that part of Belgium which comprises the provinces of Hainaut, Namur, Liege, and Luxembourg, and about one third of Brabant; also, the language spoken by this people. Used also adjectively.
imp. & p. p.
of Language
n.
Same as Pleomorphism.
a.
Having but a single form; retaining the same form throughout the various stages of development; of the same or of an essentially similar type of structure; -- opposed to dimorphic, trimorphic, and polymorphic.
v. t.
To communicate by language; to express in language.
a.
Having a language; skilled in language; -- chiefly used in composition.
n.
One of the asexual polymorphic forms of white ants, or termites, in which the head and jaws are very large and strong. The soldiers serve to defend the nest. See Termite.
n.
The vocabulary and phraseology belonging to an art or department of knowledge; as, medical language; the language of chemistry or theology.
n.
The capability of assuming different forms; the capability of widely varying in form.
a.
Polymorphous.
n.
Existence in many forms; polymorphism.
n.
A genus of bivalve shells of which one species (D. polymorpha) is often so abundant as to be very troublesome in the fresh waters of Europe.
n.
A flowerless plant (Marchantia polymorpha), having an irregularly lobed, spreading, and forking frond.
a.
Lacking or wanting language; speechless; silent.