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Core sample used for pollen analysis
A pollen core is a core sample of a medium containing a stratigraphic sequence of pollen. Analysis of the type and frequency of the pollen in each layer
Pollen_core
Study of pollen and other acid-resistant microoscopic organic material
studies contemporary and fossil palynomorphs (paleopalynology), including pollen, spores, orbicules, dinocysts, acritarchs, chitinozoans and scolecodonts
Palynology
Clade of flowering plants
criterion for identifying the pollen classes. The eudicots can be divided into two groups: the basal eudicots and the core eudicots. Basal eudicot is an
Eudicots
shallowest samples at the top and the deepest at the bottom, to represent a pollen core or other stratified deposit. The depth of the sample corresponds roughly
Glossary_of_archaeology
Group of eudicots known as core eudicots
result of convergent evolution. Pollen grains in the Pentapetalae are characteristically tricolpate. This type of pollen grain has three or more pores within
Pentapetalae
Pollen zones are a system of subdividing the Last Glacial Period and Holocene paleoclimate using the data from pollen cores. The sequence provides a global
Pollen_zone
National park in Bolivia
rainforests found in the park did not always exist. Data collected from pollen core samples has shown that what is now semi-deciduous and evergreen forest
Noel Kempff Mercado National Park
Noel_Kempff_Mercado_National_Park
Glaciation in North America during the Last Glacial Period
example of findings is from the investigation of flora species using pollen core samples in present-day California. Here in the Waterman Hills researchers
Wisconsin_glaciation
Period of Cornish history from c. 2400 until c. 800 BCE
coastal areas where the soil was more suitable for growing crops. Although pollen core evidence suggests the possibility that limited cereal cultivation took
Cornish_Bronze_Age
Wetland in Lebanon
birds in Lebanon. Various archaeological studies addressed including pollen core analysis on the site of Aammiq. Mammals: The following descriptions of
Aammiq_Wetland
Bantu ethnic group of Tanzania
hypothesis was also tested and again supported by S. Terry Childs in 1996. Pollen core samples in the region document the loss of forested habitats and the
Haya_people
Nasal inflammation due to allergens in the air
proteins of the pollen and the food. There are many cross-reacting substances. Hay fever is not a true fever, meaning it does not cause a core body temperature
Allergic_rhinitis
Species of cactus
been conducted by studies in the Waterman Mountains of Arizona; these pollen core analyses indicate that this cactus species was present in northern Arizona
Opuntia_chlorotica
National park in Sri Lanka
construct an irrigational canal and fell trees for timber. A 6-metre (20 ft) pollen core extracted from a mire revealed that in the late quaternary period the
Horton_Plains_National_Park
Historical grouping of flowering plants
flowering plants by the structure of their pollen. Other dicotyledons and the monocotyledons have monosulcate pollen (or derived forms): grains with a single
Dicotyledon
Species of tree
northern Baja California Sur, and Sonora in Northwestern Mexico. From pollen core data, a portion of the prehistoric distribution of Vauquelinia californica
Vauquelinia_californica
Species of tree
southern hackberry. Celtis reticulata was one of the species analyzed in a pollen core sampling study in northern Arizona, in which the early to late Holocene
Celtis_reticulata
Iron Age culture in central Italy
larger population of Rome. Pollen core samples from the Pontine region attest to increases in the quantity of wheat pollen during the Late Bronze, itself
Latial_culture
Scientific study of ancient lakes and streams
accumulation of sediment as well as other organic matter such as pollen and charcoal. Sediment cores can also be dated quite accurately, often allowing for lake
Paleolimnology
Cylindrical sample drilled from an ice sheet
than those from the previous year. Pollen, an important component of sediment cores, can also be found in ice cores. It provides information on changes
Ice_core
Species of conifer
population bottlenecks during the glacial maxima of the Pleistocene. Pollen cores indicate that T. plicata only became common in southern coastal British
Thuja_plicata
Aboriginal Australian practice of regular burning
Singh from the Australian National University, who found evidence in his pollen cores from Lake George indicating that Aboriginal people began burning in the
Fire-stick_farming
Species of cactus
Holocene era is known to have differed locally from its present range. From pollen core data, a portion of the prehistoric distribution of this species has been
Pelecyphora_vivipara
Narrow landstrip in Auckland, New Zealand
October 2021. Abrahim, Ghada MS; Parker, Robin J.; Horrocks, Mark (2013). "Pollen core assemblages as indicator of Polynesian and European impact on the vegetation
Auckland_isthmus
Organisation and delineation of certain agricultural fields
an Iron Age or Romano-British date. However buried soils as well peat pollen cores indicate earlier land-use of these areas and radiocarbon dates suggest
Field_system
Clade of seed plants that produce flowers
transfer pollen between them. Homomorphic flowers may use a biochemical self-incompatibility to discriminate between self and non-self pollen grains. Dioecious
Flowering_plant
Archaeological site and village in Lebanon
older occupation at the edge of the marsh at Mallaha. The results of a pollen core from Aamiq was published in 2008 suggesting the area was used for grazing
Aammiq
Species of aquatic plant
states within the former Yugoslavia. Data from archaeological sites and pollen cores has shown that the species commonly occurred in the Rhine/Meuse delta
Salvinia_natans
Geologic region in North America
increased tree size, spring ephemeral abundance, and coarse woody debris. Pollen cores from Lanark County provide information about longer term trends in forest
Thousand Islands – Frontenac Arch
Thousand_Islands_–_Frontenac_Arch
Root vegetable
with homologues in birch pollen (Bet v 1) and mugwort pollen (Art v 1), most carrot allergy sufferers are also allergic to pollen from these plants. In India
Carrot
Preserved physical characteristics allowing reconstruction of past climatic conditions
stable isotope measurements from ice cores, growth rates in tree rings, species composition of sub-fossil pollen in lake sediment or foraminifera in ocean
Proxy_(climate)
Species of honey bee
memory; they are also used in studies of pesticide toxicity, especially via pollen, to assess non-target impacts of commercial pesticides. The western honey
Western_honey_bee
Suborder of flowering plants
betalains, 3) loss of the rpl2 intron in cpDNA, 4) single whorl of tepals, 5) pollen with spinulose and tubuliferous/punctate exine, 6) placentation free-central
Caryophyllineae
Geological period of the Earth
corresponds to the ice core record of precipitation in the northern hemisphere. Pollen analysis shows a temporary decrease in the pollen levels of trees and
Older_Dryas
Lake in Ticino, Switzerland
pastures. Palaeobotanics examined the core of the lake sediment and discovered deposits of charcoal, cereal pollen, and invasive weeds. What silver fir
Lago_d'Origlio
Generation of text in natural languages
give predicted pollen levels in different parts of Scotland. From these numbers, the system generates a short textual summary of pollen levels as its output
Natural_language_generation
Tropical fruit tree
dense reddish brown hairs, 1-ovuled, style short and stigma truncate. Its pollen is shed as permanent tetrads. The fruit is oval, dark green when immature
Soursop
Species of flowering plant
Arizona since at least the Late Wisconsin late glacial period based upon pollen core analysis at the Waterman Mountains (Coconino County) - (not the Waterman
Monardella_arizonica
Lake in the state of Minnesota, United States
Itasca region has changed in response to Holocene climate change. Pollen in the core was attributed to pine forest, grassland, and deciduous forest. The
Deming_Lake
the Neolithic period. Van Zeist also conducted analytical studies of pollen cores and charred seeds and fruits from archaeological excavations at Gasselte
Willem_van_Zeist
Warm weather period, 250 BC to AD 400
dataset compiled by the PAGES 2k Consortium 2017. A high-resolution pollen analysis of a core from Galicia concluded in 2003 that the Roman Warm Period lasted
Roman_Warm_Period
Order of flowering plants
Aptian stage in places like Antarctica, Egypt and Argentina with these early pollen samples being known as Tricolpites. At that time those landmasses were part
Gunnerales
Clade of non-flowering, naked-seeded vascular plants
gametes. During pollination, pollen grains are physically transferred between plants from the pollen cone to the ovule. Pollen is usually moved by wind or
Gymnosperm
Genus of plants (coniferous trees)
mature, they disintegrate to release the seeds, which are winged. Both pollen and seeds are wind-dispersed. Cedars are often planted as ornamental trees
Cedrus
Global warm period around 9,000–5,000 years ago
region. In the Korean Peninsula, arboreal pollen records the HCO as occurring from 8,900 to 4,400 BP, with its core period being 7,600 to 4,800 BP. Sea levels
Holocene_climatic_optimum
Global climate phenomenon
variability. Holocene 12000ya / Bay of Guayaquil, Ecuador / Pollen content of marine core Pollen records show changes in precipitation, possibly related to
El_Niño–Southern_Oscillation
Edible berries native to Northeast Asia
male or female. The male plants have flowers that produce pollen, the females receive the pollen to fertilise their ovules and grow fruit; most kiwifruit
Kiwifruit
Genus of flowering plants
meaning that a flower's anthers release its pollen prior to the flower's stigmas being receptive to pollen. The flowers undergo three stages of anthesis:
Aquilegia
Geoglyph in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia
of the geoglyph is hoped to be obtained from an ongoing study using pollen core analysis. This suggested dating would place the construction of the 900
Russian_geoglyph
American indie pop band
one of the best albums of 2020 by USA Today. Their sixth studio album, Pollen, was released in 2023. In 2025, after announcing an indefinite hiatus, Tennis
Tennis_(band)
Edible fruit
are also allergic to birch pollen. Allergic reactions are triggered by a protein in apples that is similar to birch pollen, and people affected by this
Apple
three groups: core topics, applied topics which study the ways in which plants may be used for economic benefit in horticulture, core topics which associate
Branches_of_botany
Genus of flowering plants in the family Paulowniaceae
flower with the arrow shaped anthers then depositing pollen on the dorsal side of a variety of pollen-feeding insects. The superior bilocular ovary, surrounded
Paulownia
Sand ridge in Florida and Georgia (United States)
sedge pollen or spore assemblage. Wax Myrtle pollen was abundant throughout the lignite. The relative abundance of different types pollen in the core is
Trail_Ridge
Cave in Bayankhongor, Mongolia
sedimentation cycle, around 70–90 % of the pollen is associated with trees and shrubs. The remains of spruce and pine pollen were detected. Strata 6–11 in the
Tsagaan_Agui
Ancient warm and cool periods
intervals. The data are derived from pollen and foraminifera (plankton) remains in drilled marine sediment cores, sapropels, and other data that reflect
Marine_isotope_stages
Species of plant
straight with yellow, roundish anthers. Pollen grains are tiny, around 60 microns in diameter. After the pollen distribution, the stamens become ash-gray
Jackfruit
Genus of cacti
side is differently shaped from the lower side (zygomorphic); and yellow pollen. They generally flower earlier than members of the Buckleyi Group and, although
Schlumbergera
Seed-bearing part of a flowering plant
pollen from the stamens to the stigma-style-ovary system within the flower-head. After pollination, a pollen tube grows from the (deposited) pollen through
Fruit
Kingdom of organisms
pollinators, visiting flowers and accidentally transferring pollen in exchange for food in the form of pollen or nectar. Many animals disperse seeds that are adapted
Plant
Species of honey bee
of another nest. The diet of this honey bee species consists mostly of pollen and nectar, or honey. Moreover, Apis cerana is known for its highly social
Apis_cerana
Melinda S.; Butler, Kevin; Flenley, John Roger; Horrocks, Mark (2011). "New pollen, sedimentary, and radiocarbon records from the Marquesas Islands, East Polynesia:
Toʼoviʼi
Family of flowering plants
(3rd edition). Perveen, A.; Grafström, E.; El-Ghazaly, G. (2004). "World Pollen and Spore Flora 23. Malvaceae Adams. P.p. Subfamilies: Grewioideae, Tilioideae
Malvaceae
Genus of gymnosperms in the family Ephedraceae
mostly dioecious, with the pollen strobili in whorls of 1–10, each consisting of a series of decussate bracts. The pollen is furrowed. The female strobili
Ephedra_(plant)
Elliptical depressions concentrated along the Atlantic seaboard of North America
years ago. Within cores of undisturbed sediments recovered from Big Bay, North Carolina, Brook and others documented well-defined pollen zones consisting
Carolina_bays
1908 air burst explosion in Siberia, Russia
portion of the core. These results, including organic C, N, and δ13C data, suggest that Lake Cheko formed at the time of the Tunguska event. Pollen assemblages
Tunguska_event
Prehistoric plant order
also called a salpinx) that facilitated capture of the pollen and directed it down to the pollen chamber above the megagametophyte. In later, Pennsylvanian-age
Lyginopteridales
Period of Blytt–Sernander sequence of north European climatic phase
palaeoclimatology was the warmest and moistest Blytt–Sernander period, pollen zone and chronozone of Holocene northern Europe. The climate was generally
Atlantic_period
Warmer periods within an ice age
particular interglacials. Commonly used are mammalian and molluscan species, pollen and plant macro-remains (seeds and fruits). However, many other fossil remains
Interglacial
Species of flowering plant
(Ambrosia trifida) pollen. Gene 101(2), 231-38. Makra, L., et al. (2005). The history and impacts of airborne Ambrosia (Asteraceae) pollen in Hungary. Grana
Ambrosia_trifida
Glycoproteins found in plant cell walls
elongation, somatic embryogenesis, hormone responses, xylem differentiation, pollen tube growth and guidance, programmed cell death, cell expansion, salt tolerance
Arabinogalactan_protein
Period of major glaciations of the Northern Hemisphere (115,000–12,000 years ago)
glaciation of the LGP was intensively studied. Pollen analysis, the statistical analyses of microfossilized plant pollens found in geological deposits, chronicled
Last_Glacial_Period
Petrified hyrax excrement accumulation
contain a diverse range of paleoenvironmental proxies, including fossil pollen and stable carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen isotopes. Combined with the antiquity
Rock_hyrax_midden
Edible summer squash
begins to grow, then dries or rots. This is due to an insufficient number of pollen grains delivered to the female flower. It can be corrected by hand pollination
Zucchini
Series of north European climatic periods
example, recent peat core samples at Roskilde Fjord and Lake Kornerup in Denmark identified 40 to 62 distinguishable layers of pollen, respectively. However
Blytt–Sernander_system
animals. pollen pollen-grains, the microspores of seed plants from anthers of angiosperms or the microsporangia (of gymnosperms); . pollen-mass Sometimes
Glossary_of_botanical_terms
Impact crater in Quebec, Canada
expedition to the crater. Sediment cores were extracted from the bottom of the lake, which were filled with fossil pollen, algae, and insect larvae. It was
Pingualuit_crater
Protein family
reactions of the immune system to specific substances called allergens (such as pollen, stings, drugs, or food) that, in most people, result in no symptoms. Trees
Bet_v_I_allergen
Time period c. 12,900–11,700 years ago
Younger Dryas is reconstructed through proxy data such as traces of pollen, ice cores and layers of marine and lake sediments. Collectively, this evidence
Younger_Dryas
Study of changes in ancient climate
been detected. Pollen has been observed in the ice cores and can be used to understand which plants were present as the layer formed. Pollen is produced
Paleoclimatology
List of longest living trees
to be around 10,000 years old, as determined by DNA samples taken from pollen collected from the sediment of a nearby lake. Individual trees in this group
List_of_oldest_trees
Species of plant native to Africa
with an irregular stigma. Pollen grains are spherical with spikes over the surface, typical of the Malvaceae family. Pollen grain diameter is around 50
Adansonia_digitata
Hypothetical impact event
000-year-long record of environmental change by the analysis of pollen from an 18.5 m (61 ft) core from Lake Tulane in Highland county, Florida. Because of the
Tollmann's_bolide_hypothesis
Genus of flowering plants
America, mainland Australia, and Antarctica. Based on fossil pollen recovered from drilling cores, Gunnera is also known to have inhabited the now-submerged
Gunnera
Lake in Ontario, Canada
accurate dating of sediment cores and make Crawford Lake a prime site for archeological and geochemical studies. Using pollen analysis of the lake, reconstruction
Crawford_Lake_(Halton_Region)
Device which removes solid particulates from the air
fibrous or porous materials which removes particulates such as smoke, dust, pollen, mold, viruses, and bacteria from the air. Filters containing an adsorbent
Air_filter
Species of flowering plant
efficient pollinator. Hummingbirds are major pollinators. They remove more pollen per visit from flowers with curved nectar spurs than with perpendicular
Impatiens_capensis
Plant material preserved for scientific uses
Darwin Core standard. GBIF consolidates and shares information about botanical specimens from institutional herbaria around the world. Using Darwin Core, GBIF
Botanical_specimen
North Atlantic ice rafting events
in the western margin of the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, reconstructed from pollen data". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 321–322: 16–23
Bond_event
developed by Onett where bees follow players around. The bees help collect pollen to convert into honey and attack hostile mobs. The game uses quests, events
List_of_Roblox_games
Species of flowering plant
pollen is extremely allergenic, with an OPALS allergy scale rating of 10 out of 10. Olea europaea is primarily wind-pollinated and its buoyant pollen
Olive
Witch-hazel, a shrub or small tree
simple longitudinal slits of the anthers in the upper Hamamelidae where the pollen is predominantly wind-driven. The three types of anthers found in the Hamamelidaceae
Hamamelidaceae
Waterfalls on the Tanzania and Zambia border
will overlie older ones. Zone U The bottom of Clark's core sample is the oldest layer. Pollen samples collected indicate that swamp vegetation and an
Kalambo_Falls
Country in Oceania
insects and marsupials, such as the honey possum, that feed on nectar and pollen. The koala is an exception, specialising in feeding on eucalyptus leaves
Australia
Geological borehole
was recovered. Analysis allowed biostratigraphic zonal schemes for fossil pollen, foraminifera, mollusca and dinoflagellates to be constructed for horizons
Ludham_Borehole
9th-century Buddhist temple in Java, Indonesia
excavations in 1974 and 1977, Ganapathi Thanikaimoni could not find any pollen or spores that would indicate vegetation endemic to a water environment;
Borobudur
Mycelial mass
grow down the pollen tube without branching any hyphae outward. When the fungus reaches the bottom of the ovary, it leaves the pollen tube path and enters
Sclerotium
Large order of flowering plants
secondary) pollination that is common among the families of the order, wherein pollen is collected and stored on the length of the pistil. The name and order
Asterales
Website and smartphone app with reviews of London and UK restaurants and bars
2018 Core by Clare Smyth 2017 Pollen Street Social 2016 Frenchie 2015 The Clove Club 2014 Gymkhana 2013 The Five Fields 2012 Dabbous 2011 Pollen Street
SquareMeal
Cimino. Sub-fossil pollen analyses from cores of stratified sediment taken in the region's crater lakes typically reveal a pollen sequence characteristic
Silva_Ciminia
POLLEN CORE
POLLEN CORE
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Dolly, DOLLEY means "gift of God."
Surname or Lastname
English (Northumbria)
English (Northumbria) : apparently a variant spelling of Hollen.
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Colleen, COLLYN means "girl."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Bullen.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for someone with golden hair, from Middle English gelden, golden (from Old English gylden).Irish : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Mag Ualghairg (see McGoldrick).
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Dolly, DOLLEE means "gift of God."
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Colleen, COLEEN means "girl."Â
Surname or Lastname
Norwegian
Norwegian : habitational name from any of several farmsteads, so named from Old Norse pollr ‘small bay’, ‘pond’.English : possibly a respelling of Irish Polan, Polin, an Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Póilin ‘son of Pólin’, from a pet form of Pól, Gaelic form of Paul.
Surname or Lastname
Dutch and German (also North German von Holten)
Dutch and German (also North German von Holten) : habitational name from places so called, from Low German holt ‘holt’, ‘copse’, ‘small wood’. There is one in the Dutch province of Overijssel and another near Oberhausen in the Rhineland.Danish : variant of Holt.Norwegian : habitational name from any of several farmsteads so named, either from the definite singular form of holt ‘holt’, ‘small wood’ (see Holt), or from holt ‘hill’, ‘stony slope’.English : variant spelling of Holton.
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Yorkshire)
English (chiefly Yorkshire) : topographic name from Middle English holin, holi(e) ‘holly tree’. Compare Hollen.
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Yorkshire)
English (chiefly Yorkshire) : topographic name from Middle English holin ‘holly tree’, or a habitational name from any of the minor places named with this word, as for example Hollin and Holling in Worcestershire, or Hollins in West Yorkshire.
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Colin, COLLIN means "whelp; young pup."
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Helen, probably HELLEN means "torch."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Hollen.
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Colton, COLTEN means "Cola's settlement."
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish
English and Irish : apparently a variant spelling of Follin.
Female
English
Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic CailÃn, COLLEEN means "girl."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Woolen.Norwegian : habitational name from any of numerous farmsteads named Vollen, from the definite singular form of voll ‘meadow’ (see Voll).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Collin, a pet form of Coll 1.
Girl/Female
Irish
From the Irish cailin meaning “girl†and used by the Irish in the USA and Australia as a way of connecting to their Irish roots.
POLLEN CORE
POLLEN CORE
Boy/Male
Tamil
Viswas | விஷà¯à®µà®¾à®¸
Faith, Trust
Girl/Female
Hindu
Resident of the vindhyas
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Powerful; Fearless; Dauntless
Boy/Male
Hindu
Generous
Boy/Male
American, Arabic, Australian, Turkish
Handsome; Camel
Girl/Female
Hebrew
A singer.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
A Request
Boy/Male
Afghan, Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Muslim, Pashtun, Sindhi, Telugu
Fragrance; With Faith; A Planet; Sun
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Eternal Rest
Boy/Male
Muslim
Honest, Reliable and very ambitious
POLLEN CORE
POLLEN CORE
POLLEN CORE
POLLEN CORE
POLLEN CORE
a.
Covered with pollen.
a.
Plucked; pilled; moulting.
a.
Having the color of gold; as, the golden grain.
n.
ANy insect whose larva rolls up leaves; a leaf roller. see Tortrix.
b. t.
To raise or lift by means of a pulley.
n.
A long, belt-formed towel, to be suspended on a rolling cylinder; -- called also roller towel.
n.
A long cylinder on which something is rolled up; as, the roller of a man.
n.
One who polls; specifically: (a) One who polls or lops trees. (b) One who polls or cuts hair; a barber. [R.] (c) One who extorts or plunders. [Obs.] Baex. (d) One who registplws votplws, or one who enters his name as a voter.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Poll
v. t.
To supply with pollen; to impregnate with pollen.
n.
The first, or preaxial, digit of the fore limb, corresponding to the hallux in the hind limb; the thumb. In birds, the pollex is the joint which bears the bastard wing.
n.
Pollen.
n.
A lake whitefish (Coregonus pollan), native of Ireland. In appearance it resembles a herring.
a.
Deprived of a poll, or of something belonging to the poll. Specifically: (a) Lopped; -- said of trees having their tops cut off. (b) Cropped; hence, bald; -- said of a person. "The polled bachelor." Beau. & Fl. (c) Having cast the antlers; -- said of a stag. (d) Without horns; as, polled cattle; polled sheep.
n.
A little ball; as, a pellet of wax / paper.
n.
A substance found in the pollen of certain plants.
n.
A small wheel, as of a caster, a roller skate, etc.
a.
Very precious; highly valuable; excellent; eminently auspicious; as, golden opinions.
imp. & p. p.
of Poll
a.
Swollen; puffed out.