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Senior military title in various ancient Greek city states
A polemarch (/ˈpɒləˌmɑːrk/, from Ancient Greek: πολέμαρχος, polémarchos) was a senior military title in various ancient Greek city states (poleis). The
Polemarch
Athenian polemarch at Battle of Marathon in 490 BC
Athenian polemarch at the Battle of Marathon, which took place during 490 BC. According to Herodotus, he was from the Attica deme of Aphidna. As polemarch, Callimachus
Callimachus_(polemarch)
Chief magistrate of an ancient Greek city-state
(ruler of Athens, the highest political office in the city-state), the polemarch (πολέμαρχος, "war ruler", the commander-in-chief of the Athenian military)
Eponymous_archon
International historically Black fraternity
was the magazine's first editor and later became the fourteenth grand polemarch. In the 1950s, as black Greek-letter organizations began the tradition
Kappa_Alpha_Psi
Greek term for a ruler
three office holders being known as archon eponymos (ἄρχων ἐπώνυμος), the polemarch (πολέμαρχος), and the archon basileus (ἄρχων βασιλεύς). According to Aristotle's
Archon
British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse
Polemarch (1918 – after 1937) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He showed considerable promise as a two-year-old in 1920 when he won the
Polemarch_(horse)
Ancient Greek statue created in 490 BC
Athenians created in honour of Callimachus. Callimachus was the Athenian polemarch at the Battle of Marathon at 490 BC. He had the last vote and voted in
Nike_of_Callimachus
Law code in Ancient Greece
the Polemarch in the Epilyceum. The latter building was formerly called the Polemarcheum, but after Epilycus, during his term of office as Polemarch, had
Draconian_constitution
Athenian statesman and general (c. 550–489 BC)
for 490 BC. In addition to the ten generals, there was one 'war-ruler' (polemarch), Callimachus, who had to decide—with the ten generals evenly split, five
Miltiades
4th century BC Theban military commander, leader of the Sacred Band
of Pelopidas mentions Gorgidas for the first time when the pro-Spartan polemarch Leontidas took over with a Spartan army and forced the pro-Athens aristocrats
Gorgidas
Fictional Amazon superheroine
title of Polemarch. It is explained that Archon Eponymous equates to the Civic Office of a Presidential title, whereas the position of Polemarch translates
Artemis_of_Bana-Mighdall
Spartan domination of parts of Greece (404–371 BC)
leading Theban democrats fled to Athens where, years later, the Theban polemarch Leontiades sent assassins to prevent the exiles from returning; the assassins
Spartan_hegemony
Ancient city-state in mainland Greece
toward the Corinthian country, while Diocles' faces away. In 657 BC, polemarch Cypselus obtained an oracle from Delphi which he interpreted to mean that
Ancient_Corinth
Greek title
be confined to the house and be of little importance. Eponymous archon Polemarch Rex Sacrorum Pseudo-Aristotle. "Atheneion Politeia". Perseus. Perseus
Archon_basileus
Land battle of the Corinthian War
allowed to go wherever they wished. The next morning, Agesilaus ordered the polemarch Gylis to put the army in battle formation and gave out awards for valour
Battle_of_Coronea_(394_BC)
Element of hierarchy in armed forces
absorbed into the generalship: each of the ten generals would rotate as polemarch for one day, and during this day his vote would serve as tie-breaker if
Military_rank
490 BC battle in the Greco-Persian Wars
was one of these. In addition, in overall charge, was the War-Archon (polemarch), Callimachus, who had been elected by the whole citizen body. Herodotus
Battle_of_Marathon
Tyrant of Athens from 527 to 510 BC
died of advanced age. Hippias was greatly supported by the family of the polemarch Charmus, his father's former eromenos and ally, in the restoration of
Hippias_(tyrant)
Topics referred to by the same term
Callimachus (Ancient Greek: Καλλίμαχος) may refer to: Callimachus (polemarch), one of the commanders of the Athenian army at the Battle of Marathon in
Callimachus_(disambiguation)
Government regime in ancient Athens
safety; It is not known exactly how this law was enacted. The archon polemarch (ἄρχων πολέμαρχος / polemarkhos Arkhon), whose original function was to
Athenian_democracy
Callicratidas of Cyrene, a general Callicratides – Spartan general Callimachus (polemarch) – Athenian general Callimachus (sculptor) – sculptor Callimachus – poet
List_of_ancient_Greeks
Tyrant of Corinth
were unhappy with their rulers. At the time, around 657 BC, Cypselus was polemarch, the archon in charge of the military, and he used his influence with
Cypselus
Ancient Spartan military unit
trained them to fight in the Macedonian pike phalanx. The unit was led by a Polemarch, the third (or arguably second) highest rank in Spartan hierarchy after
Mora_(military_unit)
Common meals for men and youths in social or religious groups in Ancient Greece
to sing the paean". The arrangements were under the supervision of the polemarch. Each member was required to contribute a monthly share to the common
Syssitia
French-born, British-based flat racing jockey (1884–1958)
Manton), who had purchased the Manton estate. He also won a St Leger on Polemarch (1921) and a July Cup on Golden Corn (1923). From 1925 until his retirement
Joe_Childs
Comics character
title of Polemarch. It is explained that Archon Eponymous equates to the Civic Office of a Presidential title, whereas the position of Polemarch translates
Philippus_(character)
Greek title roughly meaning 'monarch'
lot. Of these, the archon eponymos (for whom the year was named), the polemarch (polemos archon = war lord) and the basileus divided the powers of Athens'
Basileus
Athenian politician and general (c. 524–459 BC)
force of 10,000 hoplites was dispatched under the command of the Spartan polemarch Euenetus and Themistocles to the Vale of Tempe, which they believed the
Themistocles
Historical summary of ancient Athens
Areopagus and appointed the chief city officials, the archons and the polemarch (commander-in-chief). The most famous king of Athens was Theseus, a prominent
History_of_Athens
4th-century BC Theban polemarch
commander Leontiades in the Battle of Thermopylae. He was one of the polemarchs at Thebes, in 382 BC, when the Spartan commander Phoebidas stopped there
Leontiades
Thessalian chief magistrate in antiquity
classes together the Boeotarchs of the Thebans, the Kings of Sparta, the Polemarchs of the Athenians, (in reference to their original duties), and the Tagoi
Tagus_(title)
480–479 BC phase of the Greco-Persian Wars
thereby block Xerxes's advance. A force of 10,000 Allies led by the Spartan polemarch Euenetus and Themistocles was thus dispatched to the pass. However, once
Second Persian invasion of Greece
Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece
Ancient Greek mythological epithet
take 600 goats to this temple, where they would all be sacrificed by the polemarch in honor of the victory at the Battle of Marathon. This rite derived from
Agrotera
Athenian polemarch during the Pisistratid dynasty
Charmus of Kolyttus (fl. mid-6th century BCE) was an Athenian polemarch (557/6) during the Pisistratid dynasty, and also eromenos of Pisistratus. He is
Charmus
Canadian-bred Thoroughbred racehorse (1967–1992)
1917 Gay Crusader ₩ 1918 Gainsborough ₩ 1919 Keysoe ♥ 1920 Caligula 1921 Polemarch 1922 Royal Lancer 1923 Tranquil ♥ 1924 Salmon-Trout 1925 Solario 1926
Nijinsky_(horse)
Cretan archers Roman army History of physical training and fitness Title Polemarch Units and formation Ekdromoi Epistates Lochos Promachos Protostates Zeus
Ancient_Greek_warfare
Municipal unit in Greece
Callistratus of Aphidnae, an ancient Archon of Athens. Callimachus, the Athenian Polemarch at the Battle of Marathon. List of municipalities of Attica "Αποτελέσματα
Afidnes
Fleet's headquarters, during the final stages of the Formic War; he was not Polemarch during that time, but has assumed that post by the time Achilles de Flandres
List of Ender's Game characters
List_of_Ender's_Game_characters
Greek word meaning "leader of the ships"
air force. Only kings George II, Paul and Constantine II held the rank. Polemarch – Senior military title in various ancient Greek city states Harry Thurston
Navarch
Two men from ancient Athens
attest to this. Annual offerings (enagismata) were presented there by the polemarch, the Athenian minister of war. There it stood alone as special laws prohibited
Harmodius_and_Aristogeiton
Irish-bred Thoroughbred racehorse
race). The Tetrarch is also produced two other St. Leger Stakes winners (Polemarch and Caligula), which would indicate that the birth of Salmon-Trout was
The_Tetrarch
List of personal titles
Hereditary National Pir or Pirani Persian Administrative Identified Personal Polemarch Greek Executive Appointed/ chosen by lot/ elected National Pope Latin
List_of_titles
Irish-bred Thoroughbred racehorse
1917 Gay Crusader ₩ 1918 Gainsborough ₩ 1919 Keysoe ♥ 1920 Caligula 1921 Polemarch 1922 Royal Lancer 1923 Tranquil ♥ 1924 Salmon-Trout 1925 Solario 1926
The_Baron_(horse)
Noble Greek family
Bacchiadae were expelled in turn by the tyrant Cypselus, who had been polemarch. The exiled Bacchiadae fled to Corcyra (a colony of Corinth) and to Magna
Bacchiadae
British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse
1917 Gay Crusader ₩ 1918 Gainsborough ₩ 1919 Keysoe ♥ 1920 Caligula 1921 Polemarch 1922 Royal Lancer 1923 Tranquil ♥ 1924 Salmon-Trout 1925 Solario 1926
Filho_da_Puta
American actor
Eta Chi Chapter of Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity, where he acted as Vice Polemarch while attending The University of Alabama. Antjuan begin his career in
Antjuan_Tobias
4th-century BCE conflict between Thebes and Sparta
leading Theban democrats fled to Athens where, years later, the Theban polemarch Leontiades sent assassins to prevent the exiles from returning; the assassins
Theban–Spartan_War
A battle ensued against Thrasybulus, whose forces killed two Spartan polemarchs but were driven at last into a marsh and trapped there. Pausanias broke
History_of_Sparta
Flat horse race in Britain
1920 Caligula Arthur Smith Harvey Leader Mathradas Goculdas 3:07.40 1921 Polemarch Joe Childs Tom Green 7th Marq. of Londonderry 3:06.80 1922 Royal Lancer
St_Leger_Stakes
Historical Albanian social structure
other accounts he mentioned the 'great farë' tribes, each having their polemarchs. These chiefs had boluk-bashis (platoon commanders), analogus to the northern
Albanian_tribes
from the service re- gisters and foreigners from those registered with Polemarch. That they write them up dividing them into 200 companies, by hundreds
Decree_of_Themistocles
Ancient Greek nobility
limitation of the monarchy. They alone held the two offices, those of polemarch and archon, which were instituted during the 8th century BC to restrict
Eupatridae
Name list
rebel and exile who accompanied Pelopidas to the house of the pro-Spartan polemarch Leontidas to kill him during the recapture of Cadmea from Spartan forces
Cephisodorus
FOX 5 New York. May 2022. Murray, Dwayne M. (February 2008). "Grand Polemarch's Message" (PDF). The Journal. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Kappa Alpha
List of Kappa Alpha Psi members
List_of_Kappa_Alpha_Psi_members
his death the Emperor Julian the Apostate (r. 361–363) ordered for the polemarch of Constantinople to sprinkle sacrificial animal blood on the food in
Theodore's_Saturday
6th-century BC tyrant of ancient Athens
first tyranny in Athens. In this period (557–556 BC), one of the Athenian polemarchs was Charmus of Kolyttus, who had been eromenos of Pisistratus. Charmus
Pisistratus
American politician (1891–1986)
Alpha Psi's highest award, the Laurel Wreath. He served as the grand polemarch, or president, of Kappa Alpha Psi from 1924 to 1926. When James B. Parsons
Earl_B._Dickerson
French Thoroughbred racehorse and sire
Prometheus Quarteroon Prince Tetra Tetrabar Zalophus Kilmore Bouleverse Corban Polemarch Hechicero Ilion Vino Puro Precious Syrian Prince Tractor Trash Blue Ensign
Roi_Herode
Early 4th-century BC Spartan polemarch
Gylis (also transcribed Gyllis or Gylus) was a Spartan polemarch under Agesilaus II at the Battle of Coronea in 394 BC in the Corinthian War. On the morning
Gylis
System of citizen jury courts in Classical Athens
King archon; issues involving metics and other non-Athenians under the Polemarch; political trials under the six thesmothetai; most private suits to the
Dikasterion
war Greek πολεμεῖν (polemeîn), πόλεμος (pólemos), πολεμικός (polemikós) polemarch, polemic, polemology poli- city Greek πόλις, πόλιος (pólis, pólios), πολίτης
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/P–Z
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/P–Z
British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse (1954–1979)
1917 Gay Crusader ₩ 1918 Gainsborough ₩ 1919 Keysoe ♥ 1920 Caligula 1921 Polemarch 1922 Royal Lancer 1923 Tranquil ♥ 1924 Salmon-Trout 1925 Solario 1926
Ballymoss
American civil rights activist, educator and businessman (1941-2006)
"golden heritage" member of the NAACP, a Prince Hall Mason and former polemarch of the Winston-Salem Alumni chapter of Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity. In
Ben_Ruffin
British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse
1917 Gay Crusader ₩ 1918 Gainsborough ₩ 1919 Keysoe ♥ 1920 Caligula 1921 Polemarch 1922 Royal Lancer 1923 Tranquil ♥ 1924 Salmon-Trout 1925 Solario 1926
Hurry_On
Book by Orson Scott Card and Aaron Johnston
responsible for keeping all the formerly warring nations in line, and a Polemarch, responsible for organizing all the military forces of the planet into
The Swarm (Card and Johnston novel)
The_Swarm_(Card_and_Johnston_novel)
British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse
1917 Gay Crusader ₩ 1918 Gainsborough ₩ 1919 Keysoe ♥ 1920 Caligula 1921 Polemarch 1922 Royal Lancer 1923 Tranquil ♥ 1924 Salmon-Trout 1925 Solario 1926
Charles_the_Twelfth
British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse
1917 Gay Crusader ₩ 1918 Gainsborough ₩ 1919 Keysoe ♥ 1920 Caligula 1921 Polemarch 1922 Royal Lancer 1923 Tranquil ♥ 1924 Salmon-Trout 1925 Solario 1926
Persimmon_(horse)
Irish-bred Thoroughbred racehorse (1901–1931)
1917 Gay Crusader ₩ 1918 Gainsborough ₩ 1919 Keysoe ♥ 1920 Caligula 1921 Polemarch 1922 Royal Lancer 1923 Tranquil ♥ 1924 Salmon-Trout 1925 Solario 1926
Pretty_Polly_(horse)
Irish thoroughbred racehorse
1917 Gay Crusader ₩ 1918 Gainsborough ₩ 1919 Keysoe ♥ 1920 Caligula 1921 Polemarch 1922 Royal Lancer 1923 Tranquil ♥ 1924 Salmon-Trout 1925 Solario 1926
Continuous_(horse)
4th-century BC maritime confederation of Aegean city-states
On the way to Olynthus Phoebidas stopped near Thebes, where the two polemarchs Ismenias and Leontiades were locked in a power struggle for control of
Second_Athenian_League
Psi Fraternity, Inc. pp. 96–102. Retrieved April 22, 2026. "Province Polemarchs". Kappa Alpha Psi® Fraternity, Inc. September 18, 2023. Retrieved April
List of Kappa Alpha Psi chapters
List_of_Kappa_Alpha_Psi_chapters
Irish-bred Thoroughbred racehorse
1917 Gay Crusader ₩ 1918 Gainsborough ₩ 1919 Keysoe ♥ 1920 Caligula 1921 Polemarch 1922 Royal Lancer 1923 Tranquil ♥ 1924 Salmon-Trout 1925 Solario 1926
Hurricane_Lane_(horse)
British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse
1917 Gay Crusader ₩ 1918 Gainsborough ₩ 1919 Keysoe ♥ 1920 Caligula 1921 Polemarch 1922 Royal Lancer 1923 Tranquil ♥ 1924 Salmon-Trout 1925 Solario 1926
Petrarch_(horse)
French and Basque geographer
ethnologist, and linguist, gaining intimate knowledge of Abyssinian polemarchs and serving as an active observer of their battles and courtly life. In
Arnaud-Michel_d'Abbadie
Greek term for a military captain
For example, Xenophon reported that a lochagos of Sparta served under a polemarch. Aristotle reported that his counterpart in Athens served under a taxiarchos
Lochagos
Tactical subunit of the ancient and modern Greek armies
morai in the Spartan Army. The morai would normally be commanded by a Polemarch, and the lochos by a lochagos. However, the actual numbers would vary
Lochos
British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse
1917 Gay Crusader ₩ 1918 Gainsborough ₩ 1919 Keysoe ♥ 1920 Caligula 1921 Polemarch 1922 Royal Lancer 1923 Tranquil ♥ 1924 Salmon-Trout 1925 Solario 1926
Rock_Sand
Ancient Greek mythical hero of the battle of Marathon
same manner other heroes who fought at Marathon such as Callimachus, the polemarch of Athens, and Miltiades were depicted. Echetlus' mythical status in the
Echetlus
American-bred Thoroughbred racehorse
1917 Gay Crusader ₩ 1918 Gainsborough ₩ 1919 Keysoe ♥ 1920 Caligula 1921 Polemarch 1922 Royal Lancer 1923 Tranquil ♥ 1924 Salmon-Trout 1925 Solario 1926
Encke_(horse)
American lawyer (1894–1959)
Judicial Council of the Methodist Church. He also served as the Grand Polemarch (national president) of Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity. Wilkins married Lucille
J._Ernest_Wilkins_Sr.
British Thoroughbred racehorse
1917 Gay Crusader ₩ 1918 Gainsborough ₩ 1919 Keysoe ♥ 1920 Caligula 1921 Polemarch 1922 Royal Lancer 1923 Tranquil ♥ 1924 Salmon-Trout 1925 Solario 1926
Champion_(horse)
English thoroughbred racehorse
1917 Gay Crusader ₩ 1918 Gainsborough ₩ 1919 Keysoe ♥ 1920 Caligula 1921 Polemarch 1922 Royal Lancer 1923 Tranquil ♥ 1924 Salmon-Trout 1925 Solario 1926
The_Flying_Dutchman_(horse)
British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse (1974–1989)
1917 Gay Crusader ₩ 1918 Gainsborough ₩ 1919 Keysoe ♥ 1920 Caligula 1921 Polemarch 1922 Royal Lancer 1923 Tranquil ♥ 1924 Salmon-Trout 1925 Solario 1926
Dunfermline_(horse)
British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse
1917 Gay Crusader ₩ 1918 Gainsborough ₩ 1919 Keysoe ♥ 1920 Caligula 1921 Polemarch 1922 Royal Lancer 1923 Tranquil ♥ 1924 Salmon-Trout 1925 Solario 1926
Paulina_(horse)
British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse
1917 Gay Crusader ₩ 1918 Gainsborough ₩ 1919 Keysoe ♥ 1920 Caligula 1921 Polemarch 1922 Royal Lancer 1923 Tranquil ♥ 1924 Salmon-Trout 1925 Solario 1926
William_(horse)
British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse
1917 Gay Crusader ₩ 1918 Gainsborough ₩ 1919 Keysoe ♥ 1920 Caligula 1921 Polemarch 1922 Royal Lancer 1923 Tranquil ♥ 1924 Salmon-Trout 1925 Solario 1926
Staveley_(horse)
American-bred Thoroughbred racehorse
1917 Gay Crusader ₩ 1918 Gainsborough ₩ 1919 Keysoe ♥ 1920 Caligula 1921 Polemarch 1922 Royal Lancer 1923 Tranquil ♥ 1924 Salmon-Trout 1925 Solario 1926
Lucarno
Calendar year
of the archons have special functions: the basileus, or sovereign; the polemarch (originally a military commander); and the archon eponymous (chief magistrate)
487_BC
Irish-bred Thoroughbred racehorse
1917 Gay Crusader ₩ 1918 Gainsborough ₩ 1919 Keysoe ♥ 1920 Caligula 1921 Polemarch 1922 Royal Lancer 1923 Tranquil ♥ 1924 Salmon-Trout 1925 Solario 1926
Chamossaire_(horse)
American journalist
paper's assistant managing editor. While in Baltimore, Tubbs was the Polemarch of the Baltimore (MD) Alumni Chapter of Kappa Alpha Psi. In April 1954
Vincent_Tubbs
Greek sophist (c. 315 – c. 386)
their country; it is so called because it was originally the duty of the polemarch to arrange the funeral games in honour of those who had fallen in battle
Himerius
British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse
1917 Gay Crusader ₩ 1918 Gainsborough ₩ 1919 Keysoe ♥ 1920 Caligula 1921 Polemarch 1922 Royal Lancer 1923 Tranquil ♥ 1924 Salmon-Trout 1925 Solario 1926
Stockwell_(horse)
British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse
1917 Gay Crusader ₩ 1918 Gainsborough ₩ 1919 Keysoe ♥ 1920 Caligula 1921 Polemarch 1922 Royal Lancer 1923 Tranquil ♥ 1924 Salmon-Trout 1925 Solario 1926
Hyperion_(horse)
Decade
of the archons have special functions: the basileus, or sovereign; the polemarch (originally a military commander); and the archon eponymous (chief magistrate)
480s_BC
British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse
1917 Gay Crusader ₩ 1918 Gainsborough ₩ 1919 Keysoe ♥ 1920 Caligula 1921 Polemarch 1922 Royal Lancer 1923 Tranquil ♥ 1924 Salmon-Trout 1925 Solario 1926
Ormonde_(horse)
American mathematician (1930–1999)
member of the Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity, holding the position of Provence Polemarch. Frazier Svager had three sisters, Gail, Constance and Jane, and a brother
Thyrsa_Frazier_Svager
Ancient stoa in Athens
that Athens' nine annual archons (the eponymous archon, King Archon, Polemarch, and Thesmothetai) swore their oaths of office on it, as did official
Stoa_Basileios
19th-century American Thoroughbred racehorse
1917 Gay Crusader ₩ 1918 Gainsborough ₩ 1919 Keysoe ♥ 1920 Caligula 1921 Polemarch 1922 Royal Lancer 1923 Tranquil ♥ 1924 Salmon-Trout 1925 Solario 1926
Iroquois_(horse)
British Thoroughbred racehorse
1917 Gay Crusader ₩ 1918 Gainsborough ₩ 1919 Keysoe ♥ 1920 Caligula 1921 Polemarch 1922 Royal Lancer 1923 Tranquil ♥ 1924 Salmon-Trout 1925 Solario 1926
Lord_Lyon_(horse)
British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse
1917 Gay Crusader ₩ 1918 Gainsborough ₩ 1919 Keysoe ♥ 1920 Caligula 1921 Polemarch 1922 Royal Lancer 1923 Tranquil ♥ 1924 Salmon-Trout 1925 Solario 1926
Memoir_(horse)
POLEMARCH
POLEMARCH
POLEMARCH
POLEMARCH
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Ever Smiling
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Blooming; Jupiter
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained; perhaps a variant of Pink.Chinese : there are two sources of this name, which also means ‘peace’. One is the name of a senior minister of the state of Qi during the Spring and Autumn period (722–481 bc), who was posthumously named Yan Pingzhong. The other source is a city called Ping in the state of Han during the Warring States period (403–221 bc). It was granted to a marquis whose descendants adopted the place name as their surname.
Boy/Male
British, English
Peaceful Raven
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Light of Warmth
Female
Greek
(Σoφ�α) Greek name SOPHIA means "wisdom."
Boy/Male
Arabic, Australian, Chinese, German, Hebrew, Indian, Malayalam
Love; Heart
Girl/Female
Hindu
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Understanding; Knowledge; Know-how
Female
English
Pet form of English Roberta, BOBBIE means "bright fame."
POLEMARCH
POLEMARCH
POLEMARCH
POLEMARCH
POLEMARCH
n.
In Athens, originally, the military commanderin-chief; but, afterward, a civil magistrate who had jurisdiction in respect of strangers and sojourners. In other Grecian cities, a high military and civil officer.