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Water column of the open ocean
The pelagic zone consists of the water column of the open ocean and can be further divided into regions by depth. The word pelagic is derived from Ancient
Pelagic_zone
Deep layer of the ocean between 4000 and 9000 meters
The abyssal zone or abyssopelagic zone is a layer of the pelagic zone of the ocean. The word abyss comes from the Greek word ἄβυσσος (ábussos), meaning
Abyssal_zone
Part of the water column near to the seabed and the benthos
predominantly a pelagic species but forms large aggregations near the seabed when it spawns on banks of gravel. Two types of fish inhabit the demersal zone: those
Demersal_zone
Fish in the pelagic zone of ocean waters
Pelagic fish live in the pelagic zone of ocean or lake waters—being neither close to the bottom nor near the shore—in contrast with demersal fish that
Pelagic_fish
Suborder of fishes
throughout the world, living above the bottom of the deep sea, in the pelagic zone. The esca, the anglerfishes' lure and a defining feature of all anglerfish
Ceratioidei
Part of the pelagic zone
The mesopelagic zone (Greek μέσον, middle), also known as the middle pelagic or twilight zone, is the part of the pelagic zone that lies between the photic
Mesopelagic_zone
Species of mollusc
species of sea slug in the family Glaucidae. These sea slugs live in the pelagic zone (open ocean), where they float upside-down by using the surface tension
Glaucus_atlanticus
Emission of light by a living organism
bioluminescent organisms across the pelagic water column. The dispersal of bioluminescence across different depths in the pelagic zone has been attributed to the
Bioluminescence
Ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water
and on it. The littoral zone is the zone bordering the shore; light penetrates easily and aquatic plants thrive. The pelagic zone is the water between the
Benthic_zone
Part of the ocean beyond the continental shelf
metres (660 ft), seaward from the coast into the open ocean with its pelagic zone. It is the region of open sea beyond the edge of the continental shelf
Oceanic_zone
Part of a sea, lake, or river that is close to the shore
structurally distinct from the pelagic (open water) zone but also highly productive. Productivity in both marine and lake littoral zones can reach levels comparable
Littoral_zone
Portion of a lake or ocean where less than 1% of sunlight penetrates
of the number of animals) on our planet. Abyssal zone Benthic zone Hadal zone Pelagic zone Photic zone Earle, Sylvia A.; Thorne-Miller, Boyce (1999). The
Aphotic_zone
Deepest region of the ocean lying within oceanic trenches
at the seabottom/sides of trenches, and hadopelagic species (compare pelagic zone) living in open water. The deepest ocean trenches are considered the
Hadal_zone
Uppermost layer of a sea water column that is exposed to sunlight
light penetration, as discussed in pelagic zone. The upper 200 metres is referred to as the photic or euphotic zone. This represents the region where enough
Photic_zone
Relatively shallow part of the ocean above the drop-off of the continental shelf
and the pelagic zone. Within the neritic, marine biologists also identify:[citation needed] The infralittoral zone is the algal-dominated zone down to
Neritic_zone
Conceptual column of water from the surface to the bottom of a body of water
Descriptively, the deep sea water column is divided into five parts—pelagic zones (from Greek πέλαγος (pélagos), 'open sea')—from the surface to below
Water_column
Body of salt water covering most of Earth
Vertically the pelagic zone is the open ocean's water column from the surface to the ocean floor. The water column is further divided into zones based on depth
Ocean
Species of requiem shark
shark (Carcharhinus longimanus) is a large requiem shark inhabiting the pelagic zone of tropical and warm temperate seas. It has a stocky body and iconic
Oceanic_whitetip_shark
Zone of the open ocean
The bathypelagic zone or bathyal zone (from Greek βαθύς (bathýs), deep) is the part of the open ocean that extends from a depth of 1,000 to 4,000 m (3
Bathypelagic_zone
Low-oxygen areas in coastal zones and lakes caused by eutrophication
eutrophication-related dead zone formations, the increase in nutrient availability can lead to temporary rises in select yields among pelagic populations, such
Dead_zone_(ecology)
Order of colonial hydrozoans with differentiated zooids
move. Most colonies are long, thin, transparent floaters living in the pelagic zone. Like other hydrozoans, some siphonophores emit light to attract and
Siphonophore
Bottom of the ocean
metres of water depth). Compared to the relatively featureless pelagic zone, the benthic zone offers physically diverse habitats. There is a huge range in
Seabed
Large body of salt water
seagrass meadows, tidepools, muddy, sandy and rocky seabeds, and the open pelagic zone. The organisms living in the sea range from whales 30 metres (98 feet)
Sea
Pelagic freshwater amphipod
in the pelagic zone of Lake Baikal, believed to be the only species of amphipod in this niche within freshwater (many more amphipods are pelagic/planktonic
Macrohectopus
Biogeographical unit with a particular biological community
fir (Abies alba) Pruvot (1896) zones or "systems": Littoral zone Pelagic zone Abyssal zone Longhurst (1998) biomes: Coastal Polar seas Trade wind Westerly
Biome
Biome found at high altitudes
at higher elevations on warmer equator-facing slopes. Because the alpine zone is present only on mountains, much of the landscape is rugged and broken
Alpine_tundra
Ecosystem in a body of water
seasonally stratified. Ponds and pools have two regions: the pelagic open water zone, and the benthic zone, which comprises the bottom and shore regions. Since
Aquatic_ecosystem
Organisms living in water or air that drift in the current or wind
gastropod mollusk species. Holoplankton dwell in the pelagic zone as opposed to the benthic zone. Holoplankton include both phytoplankton and zooplankton
Plankton
Processes that connect the benthic and pelagic zones of a body of water
Benthic-pelagic coupling are processes that connect the benthic zone and the pelagic zone through the exchange of energy, mass, or nutrients. These processes
Benthic-pelagic_coupling
Photic zone above the benthic zone in a freestanding body of water
often navigate into the littoral zone as well. Pelagic zone (in open ocean) Benthic zone Littoral zone Profundal zone "Inland lake habitats critical to
Limnetic_zone
Type of ecosystem
seasonally stratified. Ponds and pools have two regions: the pelagic open water zone, and the benthic zone, which comprises the bottom and shore regions. Since
Lake_ecosystem
Species of jellyfish
in 1775 and originally given the name Medusa cephea. It inhabits the pelagic zone of tropical and sub-tropical waters and is most commonly found in the
Cephea_cephea
Line separating Asian and Australian fauna
separates the biogeographic realms of Asia and 'Wallacea', a transitional zone between Asia and Australia formerly also called the Malay Archipelago and
Wallace_Line
Fauna found in deep-sea areas
extend far below the epipelagic zone, and support very different types of pelagic fishes adapted to living in these deeper zones. In deep water, marine snow
Deep-sea_fish
Marine animals, subphylum of chordates
doliolids, and salps) and larvaceans on the other hand, swim in the pelagic zone of the sea as adults. The term was coined in 1760 by nurseryman James
Tunicate
Infraorder of marine mammals
Basilosaurus. Most cetaceans live in marine environments, particularly the pelagic zone, but some reside solely in brackish or fresh water. Having a cosmopolitan
Cetacean
Class of arthropods
some inhabit freshwater environments and, with the exception of the pelagic zone, marine environments as well. They comprise over 110,000 named species
Arachnid
Wetland sites designated to have international importance by the Ramsar Convention
Microbial food web Microbial loop Mycoloop Nekton Neuston Particle Pelagic zone Photic zone Phytoplankton Plankton Pleuston Productivity Ramsar Convention
Ramsar_site
Waterway connecting two bodies of water
straits that connect two areas of the high seas or an exclusive economic zone (no navigational exclusions are permitted in either). (Strait of Gibraltar
Strait
Species of squid
been mathematically proven to overcome the visual complications of the pelagic zone (the combination of downwelling daylight, bioluminescence, and light
Colossal_squid
the Bay Area. Habitat loss at the edges of the pelagic zone is thought to create a loss of native pelagic fish species, by increasing vulnerability to predation
Ecology of the San Francisco Estuary
Ecology_of_the_San_Francisco_Estuary
smooth texture of its skin. It is one of the most abundant sharks in the pelagic zone, and can be found around the world in tropical waters. Highly mobile
Silky_shark
Area of coast exposed only at low tide
intertidal zone or foreshore is the area above water level at low tide and underwater at high tide; in other words, it is the part of the littoral zone within
Intertidal_zone
Flat area on the deep ocean floor
along submarine canyons into deeper water. The rest is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with
Abyssal_plain
Aquatic organisms with multiple life stages
dormancy in the benthic zone followed by excystment and reproduction in the pelagic zone before returning to the benthic zone once more. There also exist
Meroplankton
Species of crustacean
and the female eats them within a few days. The larvae float in the pelagic zone of the ocean with other plankton for 3–4 weeks, during which a large
Coconut_crab
Family of fishes
transparent and ribbon-like in appearance. These larvae remain in the pelagic zone for extended periods—often up to a year—feeding on microscopic plankton
Moray_eel
Genus of crustaceans
world's oceans, except in polar regions. Phronima species live in the pelagic zone of the deep ocean. Their bodies are semitransparent. Although commonly
Phronima
Monotypic genus of fish
some time in the pelagic zone. As the fish came close to breeding, they began to spend a greater amount of time in the pelagic zone. Despite lacking a
Cyclopterus
Species of fish
and a large number of gill rakers, typical of fish that feed in the pelagic zone. The mean size of adults is 36–38 cm and 0.6 to 0.8 kg, though the maximum
Omul
Species of jellyfish
their prey, but to protect from predators. This species is found in the pelagic zone off the west coast of Scotland, the North Sea, the English Channel, and
Blue_jellyfish
partially enclosed by it. In oceanography, the term is synonymous with pelagic zone and is often defined as all oceanic waters seaward of any continental
Glossary of geography terms (N–Z)
Glossary_of_geography_terms_(N–Z)
Species of fish
above 12 °C (54 °F). Capelin are planktivorous fishes that forage in the pelagic zone. Studies analyzing diet in populations of capelin in both the arctic
Capelin
Class of marine animals in the subphylum Tunicata
running through the tail. They can be found in the pelagic zone, specifically in the photic zone, or sometimes deeper. They are transparent planktonic
Larvacean
Marine conservation area in northern kwaZulu-Natal in South Africa
inshore controlled pelagic zone 1: (500 m north of the Kosi north bank to 2 km south of the mouth of the Kosi Lake) A controlled pelagic zone between the high
ISimangaliso Marine Protected Area
ISimangaliso_Marine_Protected_Area
Scientific study of ocean life
vents, tidepools, muddy, sandy and rocky bottoms, and the open ocean (pelagic) zone, where solid objects are rare and the surface of the water is the only
Marine_biology
Forage fish, mostly belonging to the family Clupeidae
juvenile Herrings consume copepods, arrow worms, pelagic amphipods, mysids, and krill in the pelagic zone. Conversely, they are a central prey item or forage
Herring
Rift lake in East-Central Africa
non-cichlid fish and about 60% of these are endemic. The open waters of the pelagic zone are dominated by four non-cichlid species: Two species of "Tanganyika
Lake_Tanganyika
Organisms planktic for their entire life
gastropod mollusk species. Holoplankton dwell in the pelagic zone as opposed to the benthic zone. Holoplankton include both phytoplankton and zooplankton
Holoplankton
Partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water
meets and mixes with saltwater from the open sea. Estuaries form transition zones between riverine and marine environments and are classified as ecotones
Estuary
Earth's most severe extinction event
Malacostraca, whereas bony fishes and marine reptiles diversified in the pelagic zone. On land, dinosaurs and mammals arose in the course of the Triassic.
Permian–Triassic extinction event
Permian–Triassic_extinction_event
Suborder of fishes
(inhabiting the next-to-lowest zone in the water column), but some, such as the pelagic stingray and the eagle rays, are pelagic. Stingray species are progressively
Stingray
Habitat that supports marine life
shelf. Alternatively, marine habitats can be divided into pelagic and demersal zones. Pelagic habitats are found near the surface or in the open water
Marine_habitat
Species of fish
blackish-blue stripes, growing up to 39 cm long. Inhabiting warm, deep pelagic zones of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans between 200 and 1,000 meters
Man-of-war_fish
Lake in the state of Minnesota, United States
increase water clarity while moving nutrients and organic matter from the pelagic zone to the lake bottom through feces, pseudofeces, and shell material. This
Mille_Lacs_Lake
Species of fish
toadfish preys upon benthic invertebrates. Eggs and larvae are found in the pelagic zone. Similar to other puffer fishes, the silver-cheeked toadfish is extremely
Lagocephalus_sceleratus
Foam created by the agitation of seawater
significantly higher abundance than in sea surface film and the top pelagic zone. Naturally occurring sea foam is not inherently toxic; however, it can
Sea_foam
Science of inland aquatic ecosystems
zone. The rest of the water column which is deeper and does not receive sufficient amounts of sunlight for plant growth is known as the aphotic zone.
Limnology
Species of fish
consuming copepods, arrow worms chaetognatha, pelagic amphipods hyperiidae, mysids and krill in the pelagic zone. Conversely, they are a central prey item
Atlantic_herring
Coastal and oceanic landform
the oceans' abyssal plain. The pelagic (water column) environment of the continental shelf constitutes the neritic zone, and the benthic (sea floor) province
Continental_shelf
Reptiles of the superfamily Chelonioidea
three to five years of life, sea turtles spend most of their time in the pelagic zone floating in seaweed mats. Green sea turtles in particular are often found
Sea_turtle
Species of fish
reach sexual maturity. The planktonic young drift freely in the ocean's pelagic zone. Larvae inhabit the west central Atlantic off the Southern United States
Atlantic_blue_marlin
Small prey fish
Forage fish, also called prey fish or bait fish, are small pelagic fish that feed on planktons (i.e. planktivores) and other small aquatic organisms (e
Forage_fish
Species of bird
60% of dives are to the benthic zone and about 10% are to the pelagic zone, with the rest of the dives being to zones in between the two. Studies suggest
Great_cormorant
large predatory fish. See forage fish. Bathypelagic – the open ocean or pelagic zone that extends from a depth of 1000 to 4000 meters below the ocean surface
Glossary_of_fishery_terms
International treaty for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands
Microbial food web Microbial loop Mycoloop Nekton Neuston Particle Pelagic zone Photic zone Phytoplankton Plankton Pleuston Productivity Ramsar Convention
Ramsar_Convention
Species of fish
to May. The greater weever is oviparous and lays its eggs into the pelagic zone. Each egg has a size of about 4.8–6.8 mm (0.19–0.27 in) and hatches
Greater_weever
documentation of this species should be submitted if seen outside of the pelagic zone (between 3 and 200 miles from shore) but within New York State. (4 species)
List of birds of New York (state)
List_of_birds_of_New_York_(state)
Bony fish with a natural lure
bioluminescent bacteria, making them glow in the dark waters of the deeper pelagic zones. In other species the esca possesses different luring mechanisms, such
Anglerfish
Species of bivalve
and sublittoral zones during the feeding period consist mainly of large roach and perch, while vendace were prevalent in the pelagic zone. The abundance
Zebra_mussel
Region of marine debris
of marine debris and plastic particle pollution, within the ocean's pelagic zone. This area is in the South Pacific Gyre, which itself spans from waters
South_Pacific_garbage_patch
Family of cnidarians
the coast of Europe. It displayed a net-like feeding pattern in the pelagic zone, and was documented to have rows of nematocysts. Few species within the
Apolemia
Species of fish
zoologist Franz Hermann Troschel (1810-1882). It is native to the neritic pelagic zone of the shallow water coral reefs in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and they
Abudefduf_troschelii
Species of fungi that live in marine or estuarine environments
sulfur cycle, impacting the availability of essential elements in the pelagic zone. In the marine environment, fungi have been detected in every explored
Marine_fungi
Species of krill
that phytoplankton originally derive from the sun in order to sustain its pelagic life cycle. It grows to a length of 6 centimetres (2.4 in), weighs up to
Antarctic_krill
Species of fish
European flounder requires a minimum level of salinity and spawns in the pelagic zone where its eggs are carried by the waves, whereas the largely resident
Baltic_flounder
Microbial food web Microbial loop Mycoloop Nekton Neuston Particle Pelagic zone Photic zone Phytoplankton Plankton Pleuston Productivity Ramsar Convention
Sustainable_gardening
German Antarctic researcher
ecology and physiology of invertebrates in the pelagic zone. She is the head of the ecophysiology of pelagic key species working group at the Alfred Wegener
Bettina_Meyer
the subducted material, the retreat of African slab creates a low-pressure zone at the mantle wedge under Calabria, which pulls the asthenospheric material
Geology_of_Sicily
Fossil order of cephalopods
hatching, as large eggs would make an easy target for predators in the pelagic zone. Endocerids may have migrated from their habitat in the open ocean to
Endocerida
Accumulated material on seafloor
feldspar, clay minerals, iron oxides, and terrestrial organic matter. Pelagic carbonate sediment is derived from organisms (e.g., foraminifera) living
Marine_sediment
Chemical compound, Si(OH)4
2009 silicic acid concentration in the upper pelagic zone.
Orthosilicic_acid
Migratory aquatic bird found in the northern hemisphere
more northern pike, a predator of small chicks. A top predator in the pelagic zone of some subarctic lakes, this bird feeds on fish and sometimes insects
Black-throated_loon
Species of shark
The pelagic thresher (Alopias pelagicus) is a species of thresher shark, family Alopiidae; this group of sharks is characterized by the greatly elongated
Pelagic_thresher
Major circulating ecosystem of ocean currents
food-web dynamics, and global elemental fluxes. The size distribution of pelagic primary producers determines both the composition and magnitude of the
Ecosystem of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
Ecosystem_of_the_North_Pacific_Subtropical_Gyre
Species of fish
brackishwater Caspian Sea, in its central and southern parts in the pelagic zone. It is a small fish, typically 11 cm length, and up to 14.5 cm maximum
Southern_Caspian_sprat
Species of fish
lake including inshore reefs, rock shelf and littoral zones as well as in the offshore pelagic zone. It is piscivorous and has been recorded at depths of
Rhamphochromis_longiceps
Species of ray-finned fish
Juveniles inhabit inshore habitats, moving as adults to open-water pelagic zones where it preys on other fishes. This species can reach a length of 93
Forktail_lates
Adjacent sea zone in which a state has special rights
An exclusive economic zone (EEZ), as prescribed by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is an area of the sea in which a sovereign
Exclusive_economic_zone
Species of fish
normal and dwarf ecotypes are mainly differentiated by the benthic and pelagic zone they occupy, respectively. Normal whitefish also grow much bigger and
Lake_whitefish
PELAGIC ZONE
PELAGIC ZONE
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English Pulleis ‘man from Apulia’ (in Italy) (Middle English Poille, Poyle, Apuelle).English : habitational name from Pulley in Shropshire.German (of Slavic origin) : from a personal name formed with Old Slavic bolij ‘more’, or a variant of Puley, from the medieval name of a Christian martyr Pelagius (from Greek pelagos ‘sea’).
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Zone
Surname or Lastname
South German
South German : patronymic from a personal name derived from Pelagius (from Greek Pelagios, a derivative of pelagos ‘sea’; compare Spanish Pelayo). Saint Pelagius is the patron saint of Constance.English : variant of Bulley.
Female
Russian
(ПелагеÑ) Russian form of Greek Pelagia, PELAGEYA means "of the sea."
Girl/Female
Australian, Finnish, German, Greek, Italian, Polish, Swedish
Of the Sea; Sea; Ocean
Female
Greek
(Πελαγία) Feminine form of Greek Pelagios, PELAGIA means "of the sea."
Girl/Female
Australian, French, Greek
Sea; Ocean
Male
Greek
(Πελάγιος) Greek name derived from the word pelagos ("the sea"), PELAGIOS means "of the sea."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of the Norman habitational name Beaulieu, or possibly a variant of Bulley.Americanized spelling of Czech and Slovak Bulej (see Bula).Perhaps a variant of German Puley, from a short form for the medieval saint’s name Pelagius (see Boley).
Male
Celtic
, a Belgic man.
Girl/Female
Greek
Dweller by the sea.
Boy/Male
Bengali, Indian
Lightening Insect; Who is in Zone
Surname or Lastname
Dutch
Dutch : from zoon ‘son’, a distinguishing epithet for a son who shared the same personal name as his father.English (southwestern) : variant of Son.
PELAGIC ZONE
PELAGIC ZONE
Boy/Male
Muslim
Beloved. Sweetheart.
Girl/Female
Norse Dutch German
Poetry.
Boy/Male
Hindu
To worship
Girl/Female
Greek Latin
Messenger.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Sharanyan | ஷரநà¯à®¯à®¨
The one who bestows protection to anyone who comes seeking it. the word Sharan in Sanskrit means protection. and the one who bestows it is Sharanyan
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from places in Leicestershire and Cambridgeshire so called. The former, Sibetesdone in Domesday Book, is named with the Old English personal name Sigebed + dūn ‘hill’; the latter (Sibestune in Domesday Book) is named with the Old English personal name Sibbi or Sibba + tūn ‘settlement’.English : patronymic from the personal name Sib(be), which is a short form either of the female name Sibilla (see Sibley) or of the Middle English male name Sybald (see Sibbald).
Girl/Female
Tamil
Hanarvin | ஹநாரà¯à®µà¯€à®¨
Boy/Male
Irish
Ardent or wise.
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Eternal Light
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Complete
PELAGIC ZONE
PELAGIC ZONE
PELAGIC ZONE
PELAGIC ZONE
PELAGIC ZONE
a.
Of or pertaining to the ocean; -- applied especially to animals that live at the surface of the ocean, away from the coast.
a.
Of or pertaining to the black-haired races.
a.
Pertaining to, or derived from, gallnuts or gallic acid; as, ellagic acid.
a.
Of or pertaining to Pelagius, or to his doctrines.
n.
A palatal.
n.
The pelvic arch, or the pelvic arch together with the sacrum. See Pelvic arch, under Pelvic, and Sacrum.
n.
The doctrines of Pelagius.
n.
A follower of Pelagius, a British monk, born in the later part of the 4th century, who denied the doctrines of hereditary sin, of the connection between sin and death, and of conversion through grace.
a.
Wandering.
a.
Palatal; palatine.
a.
Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the pelvis; as, pelvic cellulitis.
a.
Of or pertaining to the sea; marine; pelagic; as, pelagian shells.
a.
Of or pertaining to the Pelasgians, an ancient people of Greece, of roving habits.
a.
See Polar.
a.
Melanotic.
a.
Alt. of Prelatical
n.
A follower of John Cassianus, a French monk (died about 448), who modified the doctrines of Pelagius, by denying human merit, and maintaining the necessity of the Spirit's influence, while, on the other hand, he rejected the Augustinian doctrines of election, the inability of man to do good, and the certain perseverance of the saints.
a.
Alt. of Pelasgic
n.
See Pelage.
a.
Abnormally regular or symmetrical.