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Berber people in ancient Northern Africa
to the same camp. The Numidians soon became more than pastoralists and started to engage in more urban professions. The Numidians were one of the earliest
Numidians
Language spoken in ancient North Africa
Numidian (/n(j)uː.ˈmɪd.i.ən/, n(y)oo-MID-ee-ən) was an Afroasiatic language or dialect spoken in ancient Numidia. The script in which it was written, the
Numidian_language
Ancient North African light cavalry
Numidian cavalry was a branch of the Numidian army and a type of light cavalry developed by the Numidians. They were utilized by Hannibal during the Punic
Numidian_cavalry
Kingdom in North Africa, 202 to 25 BC
frontier reached the Saharan regions inhabited by the Gaetulians. The Numidians were people who inhabited North Africa, specifically the regions that
Numidia
Topics referred to by the same term
Numidian may refer to: Numidia, a kingdom in northwest Africa between the 3rd and 1st centuries BC Numidians, the Berber-speaking native inhabitants of
Numidian
Final battle of the Second Punic War (202 BC)
approximately 4,000 cavalry. Hannibal placed the Numidians among them on his left flank, facing Masinissa's Numidians; and the other African cavalry on the right
Battle_of_Zama
First King of Numidia from 202 BC to 148 BC
from the semi-nomadic Numidian tribes. To that end, he introduced Carthaginian agricultural techniques and forced many Numidians to settle as peasant farmers
Masinissa
Coinage of the Numidian Kingdom
Numidian coins are the coins struck by the kings of the Numidian Kingdom between the late 3rd and 1st centuries BC. They represent one of the principal
Numidian_coin
Military unit
Mediterranean. The name of the Numidians emerged in warfare as early as 1274 BC during the Battle of Kadesh, where Numidian cavalry fought as allies of the
Numidian_army
151 BC battle between Carthage and Numidia
Hasdrubal saw it, drove the Numidians away. Dissatisfied with this, Hasdrubal had the Carthaginian army follow the Numidians, hoping to provoke them into
Battle_of_Oroscopa
Progenitor of the Numidians
the Numidian dynasty, he was the son of Sufax, a hero in Berber and Greek mythology. According to the Berber mythology, many of the Berber Numidian kings
Diodorus_(son_of_Sufax)
203 BC battle of the Second Punic War
between an army of largely Masaesyli Numidians commanded by their king Syphax and a force of mainly Massylii Numidians led by Masinissa, who was supported
Battle_of_Cirta
2nd-century BC King of Numidia
was a king of Numidia, the ancient kingdom of the Numidians in northwest Africa. When the Numidian king Micipsa, who had adopted Jugurtha, died in 118
Jugurtha
Ancient Roman spy
Aspar was a Numidian man who lived in the 2nd and 1st centuries BCE. He was sent by the Numidian king Jugurtha to the Mauretanian king Bocchus I in order
Aspar_(Numidian)
2nd-century BC war between the Kingdom of Numidia and the Roman Republic
Metellus found out the location of Jugurtha's army, he caught up with the Numidians and inflicted a serious defeat on the king. Jugurtha, with his family
Jugurthine_War
Abjad writing system
Canary Islands, to write ancient varieties of the Berber language (possibly Numidian language). The use of the Libyco-Berber alphabet died out in northern areas
Libyco-Berber_alphabet
Country in North Africa
millennia, shaped first by indigenous Amazigh societies, including the Numidians, whose kingdom became one of the earliest major states in the region,
Algeria
Siege in 109 BC
the Numidian town of Zama by a Roman army. The Romans were commanded by Quintus Caecilius Metellus, one of the consuls of 109 BC, while the Numidians were
Siege_of_Zama
Lion population
The Barbary lion was a population of the lion subspecies Panthera leo leo. It was also called North African lion, Atlas lion, and Egyptian lion. It inhabited
Barbary_lion
Species of large migratory bird
The English naturalist Eleazar Albin had described and illustrated the "Numidian crane" in 1738. Albin explained that: "This Bird is called Demoiselles
Demoiselle_crane
King of the Massylii and Masaesyli
Aylimas (Berber: ⴰⵢⵍⵉⵎⴰⵙ (Aylimas)) was a Numidian king born around 350 BC. He is believed to be the son of king Iles and the brother of both Niptasan
Aylimas
Traditional exhibition in the Maghreb
practised by the Numidians, historian Carlos Henriques Pereira stated that the modern North African fantasia is a watered down version of a Numidian military
Fantasia_(performance)
Period between prehistory and written history
Celts Dacians Erie Gauls Germanic peoples Huns Kofun Magyars Mosopelea Numidians Parthians Sarmatians Scythians Slavs Susquehannock Timucua Thracians Proto–Three
Protohistory
Pharaoh of Egypt from 51 to 30 BC
that of the Numidian royal family, Masinissa and Ptolemy VIII Physcon having been associates, and Cleopatra's own daughter marrying the Numidian prince Juba
Cleopatra
Long woolen cloak with a hood, worn in North Africa
Numidians. There are rock engravings near Sigus that attest the existence of the burnous in the ancient times and that it was worn by the Numidians.
Burnous
North African battle of Caesar's civil war
tents and, taking advantage of their confusion, proceeded to attack. The Numidians were unable to mount any resistance; the majority were either killed or
Battle of the Bagradas (49 BC)
Battle_of_the_Bagradas_(49_BC)
203 BC battle in the Second Punic War
launched a night attack on the Numidian camp, setting fire to their reed barracks. In the ensuing panic and confusion the Numidians were dispersed with heavy
Battle_of_the_Great_Plains
Berber masculine noun meaning "king"
these inscriptions, "GLD" can designate both true sovereigns, such as the Numidian kings, and magistrates or local officials, showing that the function encompassed
Agellid
Numidian general and son of Massinissa, possibly a co-ruler
Misagenes (in Latin: Misagenes) was a Numidian chief and general, son of Masinissa. He possibly was associated to the throne by his father. His father
Misagenes
Carthage-Rome engagement, 149–146 BCE
the Numidians. The campaign ended in disaster and the army surrendered; a large number of Carthaginians were subsequently massacred by the Numidians. Hasdrubal
Siege of Carthage (Third Punic War)
Siege_of_Carthage_(Third_Punic_War)
Mounted forces of ancient Rome
the Numidians themselves under king Jugurtha during the latter's rebellion (112-105 BC), when they were obliged to rely heavily on their own Numidian allied
Roman_cavalry
War between Rome and Carthage (218–201 BC)
subordinate to Rome. Rome used Carthaginian military activity against the Numidians as a pretext to declare war again in 149 BC starting the Third Punic War
Second_Punic_War
Military campaign of the Second Punic War
Carthaginian-supporting force of Numidians retreated towards their capital, Cirta. They were pursued by an army of Roman-aligned Numidians supported by a Roman cadre
Roman invasion of Africa (204–201 BC)
Roman_invasion_of_Africa_(204–201_BC)
Discussion of ethnonyms for the Imazighen
the term to North African tribes alongside other designations such as "Numidians" and specific tribal names. Among the oldest written attestations of the
Names_of_the_Berber_people
Largest battle of the Second Punic War (216 BC)
fighting the Numidians. Assailed from both sides, the allied cavalry broke before Hasdrubal could charge into contact and the Numidians pursued them off
Battle_of_Cannae
War between Rome and Carthage (149–146 BC)
an ally of Rome, emerged as by far the most powerful ruler among the Numidians, the indigenous population which controlled much of what is now Algeria
Third_Punic_War
Agellid
War (218-202 BC), Romans and Carthaginians vied for the alliance of the Numidians, due to the valor of their leaders and the often decisive role of their
Gaia_(king)
Leader of rebellious Berber tribes against the Romans
direct Roman rule. Numidian auxiliary regiments: The Numidians were most noted for their light cavalry. But it appears that most Numidian cavalry in Roman
Tacfarinas
King of the Massyli
Zelalsan II or Zilalsan (Numidian: ZLLSN), born around 290 BC, was a Berber king of the Massylian dynasty. Although there were a number of rulers before
Zelalsan_II
Oxyntas was a son of the Numidian King Jugurtha. He walked with his brother Iampsas in the famous Roman general Gaius Marius's triumphal parade of 104
Oxyntas
Wars between Rome and Carthage (264–146 BC)
javelins from a distance and avoided close combat; the latter were usually Numidians. The close-order African infantry and the citizen-militia both fought
Punic_Wars
Last independent Numidian king (ruled 44-40 BC)
Arabio (or Arabion) was the last independent Numidian king, ruling the western region between 44 and 40 BC. According to Appian, he was a son of Masinissa
Arabio
deeper foundations lie in indigenous Amazigh societies, including the Numidians, who formed one of the earliest known states in the area. Over time, Algeria
History_of_Algeria
those kings there is Madghis who is believed to be an ancestor of the Numidians. There is also the mythical founder of the dynasty, Iles whose life is
List_of_kings_of_Numidia
Country in North Africa
with the Gaetulians and became the Numidians. The Medes settled and were known as Mauri, later Moors. The Numidians and Moors belonged to the race from
Tunisia
Christian philosopher and theologian (354–430)
11, Augustine was sent to school at Madaurus (now M'Daourouch), a small Numidian city about 31 kilometres (19 miles) south of Thagaste. There he became
Augustine_of_Hippo
Country in North Africa
established in the East. Parts of Libya were variously ruled by Carthaginians, Numidians, Persians, and Greeks before the entire region became a part of the Roman
Libya
Carthaginian general (245–207 BC)
where 30,000 Numidians were killed. With his Roman-trained army shattered, Syphax fled to Mauritania. The aid of Masinissa, a Numidian prince, was invaluable
Hasdrubal_Barca
49 BC battle, part of Caesar's civil war
Varus supported by Numidian cavalry and foot soldiers sent by King Juba I of Numidia. Curio defeated the Pompeians and Numidians and drove Varus back
Battle_of_Utica_(49_BC)
Agellid of the Massylii
Micipsa (Numidian: MKWSN; Punic: 𐤌𐤊𐤅𐤎𐤍, MKWSN; died c. 118 BC) was the eldest legitimate son of Masinissa, the King of Numidia, a Berber kingdom
Micipsa
1712 play by Joseph Addison
are his twin sons Marcus and Portius, his daughter Marcia, the exiled Numidian prince Juba (an ally of Cato whose father, Scipio, Caesar killed in the
Cato,_a_Tragedy
3rd century BCE Carthaginian statesman and general
after which he negotiated a peace settlement with the Numidians ending Carthage's war with the Numidians. He was praised by both parties for the fairness of
Hanno_II_the_Great
Battle of the Second Punic War, 218 BCE
for battle. When the Numidians appeared Sempronius ordered out all of his cavalry to chase them off. Polybius writes "the Numidians easily scattered and
Battle_of_the_Trebia
Spanish archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean
Phoenicians, the Greeks, and the Carthaginians. King Juba II, Caesar Augustus's Numidian protégé, is credited with discovering the islands for the Western world
Canary_Islands
Battle of the Jugurthine War
dead of night, he suddenly surrounded Aulus’s camp with a multitude of Numidians. The Roman soldiers were panicked by the unusual uproar; some seized their
Battle_of_Suthul
Period of Roman history (c. 509 – 27 BC)
Third Punic War was a simple punitive mission after the neighbouring Numidians allied to Rome robbed and attacked Carthaginian merchants. Treaties had
Roman_Republic
Agellid
Syphax train his troops. He then attacked the rival tribe of eastern Numidians, the Massylians, ruled by King Gala, who at that time were allied to the
Syphax
Type of light spear designed to be thrown by hand
The Numidians were indigenous tribes of northwest Africa. The Numidian cavalry was a light cavalry usually operating as skirmishers. The Numidian horseman
Javelin
Numidian prince
Mazaetullus (Numidian: ⵎⵙⴷⵍ, MSDL; Ancient Greek: Μεσότολος), also known as Meztul or Metzul, was a Numidian prince and a de facto ruler of the Massylii
Mazaetullus
Ancient Berber and Roman settlement
rebuilt in the 1st century BC, its population was quite diverse: native Numidians alongside Carthaginian refugees and Greek, Roman, and Italian merchants
Cirta
204–201 BC siege of the Second Punic War
Carthage. A large Carthaginian army, supported by a larger force of allied Numidians, set up camp 11 kilometres (7 mi) south of Utica. This caused the Romans
Siege_of_Utica
King of Numidia
their return from Carthage. This action by the Carthaginians gave the Numidians the excuse to resume the fighting and they seized the Carthaginian city
Gulussa
Carthaginian leader in the Third Punic War (149–146 BC)
general Hasdrubal who was defeated near the town of Tunes (now Tunis) by the Numidian king, Masinissa, just after war was declared in 149 BC.[citation needed]
Hasdrubal_the_Boetharch
240 BC battle during the Mercenary War
a young Numidian noble named Naravas. During the First Punic War a Roman army had campaigned in North Africa in 256 and 255 BC. Many Numidians had gone
Hamilcar's defeat of Spendius and Autaritus
Hamilcar's_defeat_of_Spendius_and_Autaritus
3rd Century BCE Numidian chief, fought in the Mercenary War
Naravas (Numidian: ⵏⵔⴱⵙ, Nrbs(h); Punic: 𐤍𐤓𐤅𐤈, nrwt) was a Numidian prince of the 3rd century BCE, occasionally referred to as a king, descending from
Naravas
Numidian General
Saburra was a Numidian general who served the king of Numidia, Juba I, and fought Julius Caesar during Caesar's Civil War. He managed to defeat one of
Saburra
Battle of the Jugurthine War
the presence of the Numidian forces. At first, he was puzzled by the strange appearance of the area; the cavalry and the Numidians had taken their positions
Battle_of_the_Muthul
Region in the ancient Maghreb
kingdoms, such as the Numidian, Gaetulian, Mauretanian, and Garamantian kingdoms. According to Sallust, the Mauri and the Numidians descended in part from
Mauretania
Carthaginian military leader and politician (c. 270–221 BC)
son of Hamilcar, was sent by his father-in-law to Carthage against the Numidians, who had rebelled against Carthaginians, killing eight thousand in combat
Hasdrubal_the_Fair
Archaeological site in west-central Tunisia
Latin as Mactaris. In the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, it was a relevant Numidian city that formed a privileged alliance with Carthage under the reign of
Makthar_(archaeological_site)
Agellid
of the Carthaginian general Hannibal. Oezalces is considered one of the Numidian kings whose reigns were remarkably brief, lasting only a few months. His
Oezalces
Military force of the Carthaginians
its army to be composed mainly of foreign troops, particularly Libyans, Numidians, Iberians, Gauls, and Greeks. Its Phoenician origins, however, meant Carthage
Military_of_Carthage
Battle of the Jugurthine War
with the Numidians – who were not anticipating their arrival – and forced a battle. The legions won an easy victory, routing the entire Numidian army. Jugurtha
Siege_of_Thala
Roman general and dictator (138–78 BC)
Marius. Ultimately, the Numidians were defeated in 106 BC, due in large part to Sulla's initiative in capturing the Numidian king. Jugurtha had fled to
Sulla
built by the Berbers and ruled sequentially by the Carthaginians, the Numidians, the Romans, the Vandals and the Byzantines until it was captured by the
Vaga_(Tunisia)
Beliefs and deities of the ancient Berbers
Berber religion (also called Libyco-Berber religion or Amazigh religion, or Numidian religion) were various sets of beliefs and deities adhered to by Berbers
Berber_traditional_religion
Berber ethnic group in northeast Algeria
Berbers. Modern historians rank this Berber region within the group of Numidians and Gaetuli or the much more ancient Meshwesh, Maesulians and Mazaxes
Chaoui_people
National museum in London, England
Inscription from the Mausoleum of Ateban, key to the decipherment of the Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) Amran Tablets found near Sana'a, Yemen
British_Museum
Roman civilisation from the 8th century BC to the 5th century AD
Quintus Caecilius Metellus Numidicus was not able to defeat and capture the Numidian king Jugurtha. Marius then started his military reform: in his recruitment
Ancient_Rome
Semi-legendary figure of the ancient Numidia
Numides, Numidie, Berber Encyclopedia, 2010, p. 42‑44. (fr) Polybius, Histories. Ghaki, Mansour. Numidians, Numidia, Berber Encyclopedia, 2010, pp. 42–44.
Niptasan
Battle of the Jugurthine War
fought in 106 BC between a Numidian-Mauretanian coalition and a Roman army near the Numidian capital of Cirta. The Numidians were led by King Jugurtha
Second_Battle_of_Cirta
Phoenician city-state
included Iberians, Balearics, Gauls, Britons, Sicilians, Italians, Greeks, Numidians, and Libyans. Carthage's unique system of government combined at different
Ancient_Carthage
Agellid of western Numidia
smaller. In 81 BC, a rebellious Roman general, Domitius, allied with a Numidian king named Hiarbas, who appears to have displaced the sons of Gauda. The
Masteabar
Ethnic group indigenous to North Africa
the Numidians near Carthage, and the Gaetulians. The Mauri inhabited the far west (ancient Mauretania, now Morocco and central Algeria). The Numidians occupied
Berbers
2nd-century Numidian Latin-language writer, rhetorician and philosopher
APP-yuu-LEE-əs), also called Lucius Apuleius Madaurensis (c. 124 – after 170), was a Numidian Latin-language prose writer, Platonist philosopher and rhetorician. He
Apuleius
Battle of the Jugurthine war;Numidian victory
comrades return to support them. The Numidians inflict devastating blows. Backed by this infantry, the Numidian cavalry, instead of charging and subsequently
Battle_of_Zama_(109_BC)
Battle of Caesar's civil war (46 BCE)
commander than Curio and kept his forces moving using his cavalry to keep the Numidians at bay while his legionaries marched on to Ruspina. On 29 December Caesar
Battle_of_Thapsus
Battle of the Second Punic War in 203 BC
attack on the Numidian camp, setting fire to their barracks which were made from reeds. In the ensuing panic and confusion the Numidians were dispersed
Battle_of_Utica_(203_BC)
2nd-century BC Carthaginian pro-democracy politician
the Numidian king Massinissa, founded by Hannibal the Starling. In 151 BCE, Hamilcar orchestrated the expulsion of forty members of the pro-Numidian party
Hamilcar_the_Samnite
Character encoding standard
working their way through the approval process. For other scripts, such as Numidian and Rongorongo, no proposal has yet been made, and they await agreement
Unicode
Film by Ridley Scott
A Roman senator who opposes Commodus' rule. Djimon Hounsou as Juba: A Numidian gladiator who befriends Maximus. Richard Harris as Marcus Aurelius: The
Gladiator_(2000_film)
Ancient mausoleum in Algeria
Algeria. It has been identified as a royal mausoleum built by the Berber Numidian Kingdom. Medracen is one of several large funerary monuments from the era
Medracen
City and commune in Algeria
municipality in Algeria. It is the capital of Souk Ahras Province. The Numidian city of Thagaste (or Tagaste), on whose ruins Souk Ahras was built, was
Souk_Ahras
Ancient town near Jendouba, Tunisia
in 156 BC. One of his sons maintained a palace in the city. Under the Numidians, a regularized orthogonal grid street plan was imposed in the hellenistic
Bulla_Regia
Carthaginian officer in the Second Punic War
Hasdrubal was given about 6,500 cavalry as opposed to Hanno's 3,500 Numidians. Hasdrubal's force was able to quickly destroy the Roman cavalry (on the
Hasdrubal_(quartermaster)
Greco-Roman historian (c. 95 – c. 165)
(book 2), Samnites (book 3), Illyrians (book 9), Macedonians (book 9), Numidians (book 8), and the Gauls (book 4). Especially notable is this work's ethnographic
Appian
Calendar year
sweeping down on the forces that the Carthaginians and their allies, the Numidians, are trying to muster on the Great Plains near the upper Bagradas River
203_BC
1862 historical novel by Gustave Flaubert
Mercenaries Narr' Havas (Flaubert's spelling of Naravas), prince of the Numidians, and a leader of the Mercenaries Salammbô, daughter of Hamilcar Schahabarim
Salammbô
Goddess of Carthage
local Libyan deity, so is Tanit, who represents the matriarchal aspect of Numidian society, and whom the Egyptians identify as Neith and the Greeks identify
Tanit
Roman victory in the Social War
Mauritanian, and Numidian forces. When Papius brought forward Oxynta, a son of the former king of Numidia, Jugurtha, many of Caesar’s Numidian troops switched
Battle_of_Acerrae
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