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In mathematics, specifically in topology, the mapping torus of a homeomorphism f of some topological space X to itself is a particular geometric construction
Mapping_torus
Doughnut-shaped surface of revolution
is called a torus of revolution, also known as a ring torus. If the axis of revolution is tangent to the circle, the surface is a horn torus. If the axis
Torus
Three dimensional analogue of uniformization conjecture
example, the mapping torus of an Anosov map of a torus has a finite volume solv structure, but its JSJ decomposition cuts it open along one torus to produce
Geometrization_conjecture
Chaotic map from the torus into itself
cover the torus. Arnold's cat map is a particularly well-known example of a hyperbolic toral automorphism, which is an automorphism of a torus given by
Arnold's_cat_map
Process in mathematics of decomposing a topological space
example, the mapping torus of an Anosov map of a torus has a finite volume sol structure, but its JSJ decomposition cuts it open along one torus to produce
JSJ_decomposition
Group of isotopy classes of a topological automorphism group
surface N ∖ C {\displaystyle N\setminus C} is a torus with a disk removed. As an unoriented surface, its mapping class group is GL ( 2 , Z ) {\displaystyle
Mapping_class_group
Continuous surjection satisfying a local triviality condition
the mapping torus M f {\displaystyle M_{f}} has a natural structure of a fiber bundle over the circle with fiber X . {\displaystyle X.} Mapping tori
Fiber_bundle
Characterizes homeomorphisms of a compact orientable surface
pseudo-Anosov. The case where S is a torus (i.e., a surface whose genus is one) is handled separately (see torus bundle) and was known before Thurston's
Nielsen–Thurston classification
Nielsen–Thurston_classification
Curve whose range contains the unit square
that the circle at infinity of the universal cover of a fiber of a mapping torus of a pseudo-Anosov map is a sphere-filling curve. (Here the sphere is
Space-filling_curve
Symplectic topology tool
certain pseudoholomorphic curves in the product of the real line and the mapping torus of the symplectomorphism. This itself is a symplectic manifold of dimension
Floer_homology
are solvmanifolds that are not nilmanifolds. The mapping torus of an Anosov diffeomorphism of the n-torus is a solvmanifold. For n = 2 {\displaystyle n=2}
Solvmanifold
Mathematical space
{\displaystyle \mathbf {Sol} _{1}^{4}} -manifold M {\displaystyle M} is a mapping torus of a N i l 3 {\displaystyle \mathbf {Nil} ^{3}} -manifold. Its fundamental
4-manifold
Croatian-American mathematician
a theorem of Brinkmann proving that for an automorphism α of Fn the mapping torus group of α is word-hyperbolic if and only if α has no periodic conjugacy
Mladen_Bestvina
book is a mapping torus with solid tori glued in so that the core circle of each torus runs parallel to the boundary of the fiber. Each torus in ∂Σφ is
Open_book_decomposition
Mapping which preserves all topological properties of a given space
square and a circle are homeomorphic to each other, but a sphere and a torus are not. However, this description can be misleading. Some continuous deformations
Homeomorphism
Result in dynamical systems
invariant d {\displaystyle d} -torus T d {\displaystyle {\mathcal {T}}^{d}} ( d ≥ 2 {\displaystyle d\geq 2} ) is called a KAM torus. The d = 1 {\displaystyle
Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser theorem
Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser_theorem
Homotopic map of a graph
a theorem of Brinkmann proving that for an automorphism α of Fn the mapping torus group of α is word-hyperbolic if and only if α has no periodic conjugacy
Train_track_map
Term in geometric topology
provided one starts with a 2-sided simple closed curve c on S. Consider the torus represented by a fundamental polygon with edges a and b T 2 ≅ R 2 / Z 2
Dehn_twist
Construction in algebraic geometry
Riemannian geometry, it is a more general construction mapping a manifold to its Jacobi torus. The name derives from the theorem of Abel and Jacobi that
Abel–Jacobi_map
Concept in mathematics
\mathbb {Z} /2\mathbb {Z} } , the cyclic group of order 2. The mapping class group of the torus T 2 = R 2 / Z 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {T} ^{2}=\mathbb {R}
Mapping class group of a surface
Mapping_class_group_of_a_surface
{\displaystyle r(x)\equiv 1} , then the quotient space is also called the mapping torus of ( X , f ) {\displaystyle (X,f)} . M. Brin and G. Stuck, Introduction
Suspension (dynamical systems)
Suspension_(dynamical_systems)
Parametrizes complex structures on a surface
\{z\in \mathbb {C} :\lambda <|z|<\lambda ^{-1}\}} ). The next example is the torus T 2 = R 2 / Z 2 . {\displaystyle \mathbb {T} ^{2}=\mathbb {R} ^{2}/\mathbb
Teichmüller_space
Bundle in which the fiber is a surface
three-dimensional and is often called a surface bundle over the circle. Mapping torus Salter, Nick; Tshishiku, Bena (21 October 2019). "Surface bundles in
Surface_bundle
Group theory function
For every automorphism φ of a finitely generated free group Fk the mapping torus group F k ⋊ ϕ Z {\displaystyle F_{k}\rtimes _{\phi }\mathbb {Z} } of
Dehn_function
instance, in symplectic Floer homology, one considers the product of the mapping torus of a symplectomorphism with the real numbers; in symplectic field theory
Trivial_cylinder
{\displaystyle M} over the circle: if M {\displaystyle M} can be written as the mapping torus of a diffeomorphism f {\displaystyle f} of a surface S {\displaystyle
Thurston_norm
One-dimensional complex manifold
homeomorphism to the torus). To obtain the analytic moduli space (forgetting the marking) one takes the quotient of Teichmüller space by the mapping class group
Riemann_surface
Decomposition of a compact oriented 3-manifold by dividing it into two handlebodies
mapping class group of the two-torus that only lens spaces have splittings of genus one. Three-torus Recall that the three-torus T 3 {\displaystyle T^{3}}
Heegaard_splitting
Innermost Galilean moon of Jupiter
occasionally provides sodium ions in the plasma torus with an electron, removing those new "fast" neutrals from the torus. These particles retain their velocity
Io_(moon)
Theorem in differential topology
This is a consequence of the Poincaré–Hopf theorem. In the case of the torus, the Euler characteristic is 0; and it is possible to "comb a hairy doughnut
Hairy_ball_theorem
Open 3-manifold that is contractible but not homeomorphic to R3
sphere. Now find a compact unknotted solid torus T 1 {\displaystyle T_{1}} inside the sphere. (A solid torus is the topological space S 1 × D 2 {\displaystyle
Whitehead_manifold
Type of space station, intended as a permanent settlement
ranging from 1,000 to 10,000,000 people, including versions of the Stanford torus. Three concepts were presented to NASA: the Bernal Sphere, the Toroidal
Space_settlement
Algebraic structure associated with a topological space
The torus is defined as a product of two circles T 2 = S 1 × S 1 {\displaystyle T^{2}=S^{1}\times S^{1}} . The torus has a single path-connected
Homology_(mathematics)
Orientation-preserving mapping class group of the torus
self-homeomorphisms of the torus (SL mapping to orientation-preserving maps), and in fact map isomorphically to the (extended) mapping class group of the torus, meaning
Modular_group
2014 art exhibition in Hong Kong
Mapping Asia was an art exhibition presented in the Asia Art Archive library in Hong Kong from May 12 to August 29, 2014. A physical unfolding of the
Mapping_Asia
Fiber bundle of the 3-sphere over the 2-sphere, with 1-spheres as fibers
infinity"). Each torus is the stereographic projection of the inverse image of a circle of latitude of the 2-sphere. (Topologically, a torus is the product
Hopf_fibration
Describes when a compact Riemann surface is determined by its Jacobian variety
of a principally polarized abelian variety. In other words, the complex torus J(C), with certain 'markings', is enough to recover C. The same statement
Torelli_theorem
Class of diffeomorphism
two-dimensional real torus has a SL(2,Z) group of large diffeomorphisms by which the 1-cycles a , b {\displaystyle a,b} of the torus are transformed into
Large_diffeomorphism
Algebraic construct classifying topological spaces
prove using only topological means. For example, the torus is different from the sphere: the torus has a "hole"; the sphere doesn't. However, since continuity
Homotopy_group
Figure-eight knot (mathematics) Borromean rings Types of knots (and links) Torus knot Prime knot Alternating knot Hyperbolic link Knot invariants Crossing
List of geometric topology topics
List_of_geometric_topology_topics
Two-dimensional manifold
as a 'closed' surface. The two-dimensional sphere, the two-dimensional torus, and the real projective plane are examples of closed surfaces. The Möbius
Surface_(topology)
Former U.S. meteorological satellite
modules were housed in the sensor mount (torus) that formed the satellite base. The lower surface of the torus provided mounting space for sensors and
Nimbus_7
Type of algebraic equation
functions (geometrically, the n2-fold covering map from a 2-torus to itself given by the mapping x → n·x on the underlying group) expressed in terms of complex
Modular_equation
Three-holed sphere
−1, and the only other surface with this property is the punctured torus (a torus minus an open disk). The importance of the pairs of pants in the study
Pair_of_pants_(mathematics)
Symmetry in statistical physics
pattern. With the finite lattice, the edges can be connected to form a torus. In theories of this kind, one constructs an involutive transform. For instance
Kramers–Wannier_duality
Study of space and shapes locally given by a convergent power series
topology can be quite different. For example, they can look like a sphere or a torus or several sheets glued together. The main point of Riemann surfaces is
Geometric_function_theory
the Euler characteristic, χ. Uniform tilings on the plane correspond to a torus topology, with Euler characteristic of zero. Density: the Density (polytope)
List_of_uniform_polyhedra
Mathematical term
can take the group of diagonal matrices diag(t1, ..., tn) as our maximal torus T. Conjugation by an element of T sends [ a 11 a 12 ⋯ a 1 n a 21 a 22 ⋯
Adjoint_representation
Term in mathematics
numbers, it is a complex torus. If p is a point of C, then the curve C can be mapped to a subvariety of J with the given point p mapping to the identity of
Jacobian_variety
construction (considered in Henri Poincaré's foundational paper) is that of a torus bundle. Virtually fibered conjecture Neuwirth, Lee Paul (2 March 2016).
Surface bundle over the circle
Surface_bundle_over_the_circle
Group of real 2×2 matrices with unit determinant
interpretations, as do elements of the group SL(2, Z) (as linear transforms of the torus), and these interpretations can also be viewed in light of the general theory
SL2(R)
Special orthogonal group
For fixed η they describe a torus parameterized by ξ1 and ξ2, with η = π/4 being the special case of the Clifford torus in the xy- and uz-planes. These
Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space
Rotations_in_4-dimensional_Euclidean_space
Space which has no holes through it
convex subset of R n {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}} is simply connected. A torus, the (elliptic) cylinder, the Möbius strip, the projective plane and the
Simply_connected_space
pairwise disjoint. For surfaces of small complexity (essentially the torus, punctured torus, and four-holed sphere), with the definition above the curve complex
Curve_complex
Continuous deformation between two continuous functions
embeddings, f and g, of the torus into R3. X is the torus, Y is R3, f is some continuous function from the torus to R3 that takes the torus to the embedded surface-of-a-doughnut
Homotopy
Smallest Galilean moon of Jupiter
Jupiter's inner moon Io. This torus was officially confirmed using Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) imaging. Europa's torus ionizes through the process of
Europa_(moon)
Group whose operation is a composition of braids
Ralph Fox and Lee Neuwirth in 1962. Joan Birman’s book Braids, Links, and Mapping Class Groups (1974) was the first book devoted to braid groups. Consider
Braid_group
Topological space that locally resembles Euclidean space
genus, or "number of handles" present in a surface. A torus is a sphere with one handle, a double torus is a sphere with two handles, and so on. Indeed, it
Manifold
Study of angle-preserving transformations
intersecting pencils of circles. The inversion of a cylinder, cone, or torus results in a Dupin cyclide. A spheroid is a surface of revolution and contains
Inversive_geometry
Projection of data onto lower-dimensional manifolds
perspective map was introduced in. The algorithm firstly used the flat torus as the image manifold, then it has been extended (in the software VisuMap
Nonlinear dimensionality reduction
Nonlinear_dimensionality_reduction
Geometric inversion of a torus, cylinder or double cone
cyclides can be defined as inversions of the torus (or the cylinder, or the double cone). Since a standard torus is the orbit of a point under a two dimensional
Dupin_cyclide
Graphical method to simplify Boolean expressions
adjacent has a special definition explained above – we're in fact moving on a torus, rather than a rectangle, wrapping around the top, bottom, and the sides
Karnaugh_map
Complex number whose mapping on a coordinate plane produces a triangular lattice
integers is a complex torus of real dimension 2. This is one of two tori with maximal symmetry among all such complex tori. This torus can be obtained by
Eisenstein_integer
Representation of a modular tensor category
{\mathcal {C}}} arrises naturally as the representation of the mapping class group of the torus associated to the Reshetikhin–Turaev topological quantum field
Modular_group_representation
Operation in cohomology theory
{\displaystyle X:=S^{2}\vee S^{1}\vee S^{1}} has the same cohomology groups as the torus T, but with a different cup product. In the case of X the multiplication
Cup_product
Symbolic serpent with its tail in its mouth
biting its tail. In Spanish it receives the name of pescadilla de rosca ("torus hake"). Both expressions Uma pescadinha de rabo na boca "tail-in mouth little
Ouroboros
Compact region at a galaxy's center with abnormally high luminosity
orientations of the jet and obscuring torus as viewed on Earth. The obscuring torus, also called a "dusty torus" is a cool outer layer surrounding an
Active_galactic_nucleus
intermediate Jacobian of a compact Kähler manifold or Hodge structure is a complex torus that is a common generalization of the Jacobian variety of a curve and the
Intermediate_Jacobian
Telescope in northern Chile
Cartography Project IceCube Neutrino Observatory Law in Action Madison Symmetric Torus McArdle Laboratory Morgridge Institute for Research Pegasus Toroidal Experiment
Wisconsin_H-Alpha_Mapper
Theory in algebraic topology
^{g-1}\oplus \mathbb {Z} _{2}&k=1\\\{0\}&{\text{otherwise.}}\end{cases}}} The n-torus ( S 1 ) n {\displaystyle (S^{1})^{n}} can be constructed as the CW complex
Cellular_homology
Let G be connected compact Lie group with maximal torus T. Hopf showed that the centralizer of a torus S ⊆ T is a connected closed subgroup containing T
Borel–de_Siebenthal_theory
Non-orientable surface with one edge
forms a slice through the solid torus swept out by this disk. Because of the one-sidedness of this slice, the sliced torus remains connected. A line or line
Möbius_strip
Way to divide polygon into smaller parts
YouTube. Rushton, B. (2012). "A finite subdivision rule for the n-dimensional torus". Geometriae Dedicata. 167: 23–34. arXiv:1110.3310. doi:10.1007/s10711-012-9802-5
Finite_subdivision_rule
Straight path on a curved surface or a Riemannian manifold
of geodesic with applications in geometry (geodesic on a sphere and on a torus), mechanics (brachistochrone) and optics (light beam in inhomogeneous medium)
Geodesic
Branch of mathematics
resembles Euclidean space. Examples include the plane, the sphere, and the torus, which can all be realized in three dimensions, but also the Klein bottle
Algebraic_topology
the 6 g − 7 {\displaystyle 6g-7} -dimensional sphere (in the case of the torus it is the 2-sphere; there are no measured foliations on the sphere). Let
Thurston_boundary
Quasar
reverberation mapping). The black hole is surrounded by an accretion disk of material spiraling into it, a few parsecs in size. Further out is a dust torus, a doughnut
APM_08279+5255
Polygon associated with a compact Riemann surface
the second case of genus one, the surface is conformally equivalent to a torus C/Λ for some lattice Λ in C. The fundamental polygon of Λ, if assumed convex
Fundamental_polygon
Mohyal Brahmin clan from Punjab
Toru Takahashi (13 March 2014). "'Rajput', local deities and discrimination: Tracing caste formation in Jammu". In Paramjit S. Judge (ed.). Mapping Social
Datt
Historically significant population of Homo erectus near Beijing
circumscribed by a bony torus which is strongest at the brow ridge (supraorbital torus) and at the back of the skull (occipital torus). All specimens have
Peking_Man
2021 animated film by Shūkō Murase
shots were completed in a 3D environment using a technique called "camera mapping", which converts 2D image assets into visuals with 3D depth and motion
Mobile_Suit_Gundam:_Hathaway
Proposed colonization of the planet Venus
Hypothetical floating outpost studying habitation of Venus around 50 km above the surface supported by a torus full of hydrogen
Colonization_of_Venus
Collection of ideas in music theory
assumes enharmonic equivalence (G♯ = A♭), which wraps the planar graph into a torus. Alternate tonal geometries have been described in neo-Riemannian theory
Neo-Riemannian_theory
Mathematical parameter of embeddings
his research showing that there is no upper bound on the distortion of torus knots, solving a problem originally posed by Mikhail Gromov. In the study
Stretch_factor
billiard on the flat torus constructed from four copies of the square; the billiard in an equilateral triangle gives rise to the flat torus constructed from
Translation_surface
2014 video game
chalkboard inside the newspaper club, usually between sticky notes or pictures. Mapping Trigger is less common and functions as a puzzle minigame. While there
Chaos;Child
Class of active galaxies with very bright nuclei
measured, which led scientists to believe in the presence of an obscuring dust torus around a bright continuum and broad emission line nucleus. When the galaxy
Seyfert_galaxy
Directed graph representing overlaps between sequences of symbols
inter-variable temporal dynamics in multivariate time series. De Bruijn torus Hamming graph Kautz graph de Bruijn, N. G. (1946). "A combinatorial problem"
De_Bruijn_graph
Alabama stellarator
lie in a torus. These magnetic fields consist of two components, one component points in the direction that goes the long way around the torus (the toroidal
Compact_Toroidal_Hybrid
Island and region in Indonesia
3. Hatley, R., Schiller, J., Lucas, A., Martin-Schiller, B., (1984). "Mapping cultural regions of Java" in: Other Javas away from the kraton. pp. 1–32
Java
Overview of and topical guide to geometry
Quadric Hypersphere, sphere Spheroid Ellipsoid Hyperboloid Paraboloid Cone Torus Root system Similarity Zonotope Projective geometry Arc (projective geometry)
Outline_of_geometry
are of general type. Linear torus A linear torus is a geometrically irreducible Zariski-closed subgroup of an affine torus (product of multiplicative groups)
Glossary of arithmetic and diophantine geometry
Glossary_of_arithmetic_and_diophantine_geometry
In geometry a line segment joining two nonconsecutive vertices of a polygon or polyhedron
geometric way of expressing this is to look at the diagonal on the two-torus S1×S1 and observe that it can move off itself by the small motion (θ, θ)
Diagonal
Mathematical concept
ix}0&1\\-1&0\end{smallmatrix}}\right).} In dimension two, this yields a torus, and taking the connected sum of g tori yields the surface of genus g, whose
Ε-quadratic_form
Isomorphism of differentiable manifolds
In the case of the torus S 1 × S 1 = R 2 / Z 2 {\displaystyle S^{1}\times S^{1}=\mathbb {R} ^{2}/\mathbb {Z} ^{2}} , the mapping class group is simply
Diffeomorphism
Group that is also a differentiable manifold with group operations that are smooth
\setminus \mathbb {Q} } a fixed irrational number, is a subgroup of the torus T 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {T} ^{2}} that is not a Lie group when given
Lie_group
American mathematician
William Floyd and Allen Hatcher, Incompressible surfaces in punctured-torus bundles, Topology and its Applications 13 (1982), no. 3, 263–282. Allen
Allen_Hatcher
pseudomanifold. A pinched torus (see Figure 1) is an example of an orientable, compact 2-dimensional pseudomanifold. (Note that a pinched torus is not a normal
Pseudomanifold
Thin layer of gases surrounding Jupiter's moon Io
lower atmospheric density permits heating from plasma in the Io plasma torus and from Joule heating from the Io flux tube. The day-side atmosphere is
Atmosphere_of_Io
Linear stacking of regular tetrahedra that form helices
decomposition of regular 4-polytopes into honeycombs of tori tiling the Clifford torus which correspond to Hopf fibrations. Banchoff 1989. Coxeter, H. S. M. (1974)
Boerdijk–Coxeter_helix
MAPPING TORUS
MAPPING TORUS
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish
English and Irish : probably a hypercorrected form of Lappin.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Old English Tæpping, an unattested patronymic from Tæppa. Compare Tapp.Joseph Tapping (d. 1678) is buried in King’s Chapel Burying Ground, Boston, MA.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Sapling, Newborn
Boy/Male
English American
Son of a hero.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a medieval personal name, originally an Old English patronymic from a personal name or byname Tippa, for which there is evidence in place names such as Tiptree, but which is of uncertain origin.
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, Australian, British, English
Son of the Hero
Girl/Female
Hindu
Making
Surname or Lastname
English
English : perhaps an altered form of Malin.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Markin.
Girl/Female
Indian
Sapling, Newborn
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Abel, which was a popular Middle English personal name. Compare Aplin.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Making
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish
English and Irish : nickname for a timid person, from Old French lapin ‘rabbit’.Polish and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic) : variant of Lapin.
Surname or Lastname
English (Devon)
English (Devon) : variant spelling of Appling.
Surname or Lastname
English (common in Lancashire and northern Ireland)
English (common in Lancashire and northern Ireland) : from a patronymic or pet form of Topp, or possibly from an unattested Old English personal name Topping.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : probably from an unattested Middle English word hoping, denoting a dweller in a valley (see Hope).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Merlin.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Mann 1 and 2.Irish : adopted as an English equivalent of Gaelic Ó MainnÃn ‘descendant of MainnÃn’, probably an assimilated form of MainchÃn, a diminutive of manach ‘monk’. This is the name of a chieftain family in Connacht. It is sometimes pronounced Ó MaingÃn and Anglicized as Mangan.Anstice Manning, widow of Richard Manning of Dartmouth, England, came to MA with her children in 1679. Her great-great-grandson Robert, born at Salem, MA, in 1784, was the uncle and protector of author Nathaniel Hawthorne. Another early bearer of the relatively common British name was Jeffrey Manning, one of the earliest settlers in Piscataway township, Middlesex Co., NJ. His great-grandson James Manning (1738–91) was a founder and the first president of Rhode Island College (Brown University).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Coppin.English : topographic name for someone who lived on the top of a hill, from a derivative Old English of copp ‘summit’ (see Copp 1).
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish
English and Irish : reduced form of Mannering.
MAPPING TORUS
MAPPING TORUS
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Wyman.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Arunangi | à®…à®°à¯à®¨à®¾à®¨à®•à¯€
Name of a Raga
Female
English
Pet form of English Margaret, MARGIE means "pearl."
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Danish, English, French, German, Irish, Netherlands, Swedish, Swiss, Teutonic
Mighty with a Spear; Spear Warrior; Ruler of the Spear
Boy/Male
German, Swedish
Edge of the Sword; Brave; Hardy
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Wisdom
Boy/Male
British, English
Lives Near the Church
Female
Japanese
(密) Japanese unisex name HISOKA means "reserved."
Boy/Male
Australian, Romanian
Gift from God
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Way; Necter
MAPPING TORUS
MAPPING TORUS
MAPPING TORUS
MAPPING TORUS
MAPPING TORUS
n.
The process of making, or of becoming malt.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Rap
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Cap
n.
The act of one who, or that which, marks; the mark or marks made; arrangement or disposition of marks or coloring; as, the marking of a bird's plumage.
n.
The process of cleaning or brightening sheet metal or metalware, esp. brass, by dipping it in acids, etc.
n.
A small European bird of the Plover family (Vanellus cristatus, or V. vanellus). It has long and broad wings, and is noted for its rapid, irregular fight, upwards, downwards, and in circles. Its back is coppery or greenish bronze. Its eggs are the "plover's eggs" of the London market, esteemed a delicacy. It is called also peewit, dastard plover, and wype. The gray lapwing is the Squatarola cinerea.
n.
The act of topping, lopping, or cropping, as trees or hedges.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Nap
n.
A kind of machine blanket or wrapping material used by calico printers.
n.
Yelping.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Tap
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Sap
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Rap
a.
Biting; pinching; painful; destructive; as, a nipping frost; a nipping wind.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Mop
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Map
n.
The act or process of raising a nap, as on cloth.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Lap
n.
A sheet of partially felted fur before it is united to the hat body.
a.
Pertaining to the harp; as, harping symphonies.