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Processing unit in image and video compression formats
The macroblock is a processing unit in image and video compression formats based on linear block transforms, typically the discrete cosine transform (DCT)
Macroblock
Widely used standard for video compression
including: Macroblock-adaptive frame-field (MBAFF) coding, using a macroblock pair structure for pictures coded as frames, allowing 16×16 macroblocks in field
Advanced_Video_Coding
Video compression format, succeeds MPEG-1
DVD for each macroblock being compressed. Sometimes no suitable match is found. Then, the macroblock is treated like an I-frame macroblock. MPEG-2 video
H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2
Video encoding standard
was the motion-compensated DCT hybrid video coding structure. It uses macroblocks of size 16×16 with block-based motion estimation in the encoder and motion
MPEG-1
System used in computer graphics applications
A Block Matching Algorithm is a way of locating matching macroblocks in a sequence of digital video frames for the purposes of motion estimation. The
Block-matching_algorithm
Class of video frames processed in a distinct way by a compression algorithm
macroblocks P-frames can contain both intra macroblocks and predicted macroblocks B-frames can contain intra, predicted, and bi-predicted macroblocks
Video compression picture types
Video_compression_picture_types
Flexible Macroblock Ordering or FMO is one of several error resilience tools defined in the Baseline profile of the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video compression
Flexible_Macroblock_Ordering
Coding (HEVC) video standard and conceptually corresponds in structure to macroblock units that were used in several previous video standards. CTU is also
Coding_tree_unit
Frame in a video compression stream
compression rates. An inter coded frame is divided into blocks known as macroblocks. After that, instead of directly encoding the raw pixel values for each
Inter_frame
Compressed image file format
blocks are grouped into macroblocks of 16 × 16 samples, and the 16 DC coefficients from the 4 × 4 blocks of each macroblock are passed through another
JPEG_XR
Video filter applied to smooth edges
prediction performance by smoothing the sharp edges which can form between macroblocks when block coding techniques are used. The filter aims to improve the
Deblocking_filter
Distortion of media caused by lossy data compression
prediction block boundaries, or both, and may coincide with macroblock boundaries. The term macroblocking is commonly used regardless of the artifact's cause
Compression_artifact
Lossy compression method for reducing the size of digital images
transmission over an unreliable network or file corruption. Since the runs of macroblocks between restart markers may be independently decoded, these runs may
JPEG
Process used in video coding/compression
Each motion vector is used to represent a macroblock in a picture based on the position of this macroblock (or a similar one) in another picture, called
Motion_estimation
restructuring the ordering of the representation of the fundamental regions (macroblocks) in pictures. This type of algorithm avoids the need to wait for a full
Arbitrary_slice_ordering
Parameters Description Macroblock type Prediction method for each coded macroblock Coded block pattern Indicates which blocks within a macroblock contain coded
Context-adaptive variable-length coding
Context-adaptive_variable-length_coding
File format
and collected in a fixed size macroblock. The encoder has to encode the bits of all quantized coefficients of a macroblock, starting with the most significant
Progressive_Graphics_File
device mode is to read three RLE-encoded 16×16 macroblocks, run IDCT and assemble a single 16×16 RGB macroblock. Output data may be transferred directly to
PlayStation technical specifications
PlayStation_technical_specifications
Video compression format
D1 NTSC (720×480) D1 PAL (720×576) 6 3,968 12,000 0.33 3,600 108,000 720p (1280x720) Units kbits kbits/s seconds bits macroblocks macroblocks/s pixels
MPEG-4_Part_2
Standard format for digital video in teleconferencing
in H.261, using 16 × 16 macroblocks and 8 × 8 transform blocks. So a CIF-size image (352 × 288) contains 22 × 18 macroblocks and a QCIF image (176 × 144)
Common_Intermediate_Format
vector Two dimensional vector offset from current position to reference frame Picture A field or frame Skipped macroblock No data is encoded for macroblock
Comparison_of_H.264_and_VC-1
Central processing unit by Sony Computer Entertainment and Toshiba
unit registers: 128-bit wide, 32 entries Image processing unit: MPEG2 macroblock layer decoder Direct memory access: 10 channels VDD Voltage: 1.8 V Power
Emotion_Engine
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
millimetres (17.3 in) Dry weight: 88–105 kilograms (194–231 lb) "RPE Macroblock 2.7L V8 - technical data" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-09-22
Powertec_RPA
Encoder for the video coding format H.264
optimization (SSD) and sum of absolute transformed differences (SATD). Macroblock-tree rate control, which controls the quality by tracking how often parts
X264
Video or display resolutions with a width of around 4,000 pixels
Guide to Video and Audio Compression: From Sprockets and Rasters to Macroblocks. Taylor & Francis. p. 47. ISBN 0-24080630-1. Retrieved 21 January 2014
4K_resolution
Topics referred to by the same term
statutory body of Hong Kong Flavin-containing monooxygenase Flexible macroblock ordering Fragment molecular orbital Francisco Morazán Department, a department
FMO
Technique used in signal processing and data compression
subsampling Coding tree unit Color space Compression artifact Image resolution Macroblock Pixel PSNR Quantization Standard test image Texture compression Methods
Discrete_cosine_transform
HEVC/H.265 encoder
control. Visual quality algorithms include CU-Tree (the successor to x264's macroblock-tree), adaptive quantization, b-pyramid, weighted prediction and psycho-visual
X265
Video compression standard
the design is called a macroblock, and H.261 was the first standard in which the macroblock concept appeared. Each macroblock consists of a 16×16 array
H.261
Optical analog video disc format
did not make use of compression techniques, it was immune to video macroblocking (most visible as blockiness during high motion sequences) or contrast
LaserDisc
general motion) Image Processing Unit (IPU): MPEG-2 compressed image macroblock layer decoder allowing playback of DVDs and game FMV. It also allowed
PlayStation 2 technical specifications
PlayStation_2_technical_specifications
Analog videocassette recording format
artifacts. MPEG-2 video compression can result in visible artifacts such as macroblocking, mosquito noise and ringing which become accentuated in extended recording
VHS
American electrical engineer (born 1964)
265|HEVC, and AV1 video coding standards. He is co-inventor of flexible macroblock ordering (FMO) and tiles, essential features in H.264|AVC and H.265|HEVC
Michael_J._Horowitz
Brand of video codec products by DivX, LLC
VBV buffer size (KiB) 32 138 384 384 768 2097 VCL: 3200, NAL: 3840 Macroblocks (per second) 1485 9900 36000 40500 108000 3/4: 40500 5/6: 244800 244800
DivX
2018 open and royalty-free video coding format
same-sized blocks referred to as superblocks. Similar to the concept of a macroblock, superblocks are square-shaped and can either be of size 128×128 or 64×64
AV1
Compression technique used in videomaking
choose among more than one previously decoded frame on which to base each macroblock in the next frame. While the best frame for this purpose is usually the
Reference_frame_(video)
The transform itself is often of a small block rather than the entire macroblock. For example, in x264, a series of 4×4 blocks are transformed rather than
Sum of absolute transformed differences
Sum_of_absolute_transformed_differences
Video coding format developed by Microsoft
transform Yes Yes Yes Overlapped transform Yes Yes Yes 4 motion vector per macroblock Yes Yes Yes 1⁄4 pixel luminance motion compensation Yes Yes Yes 1⁄4 pixel
VC-1
predictions that are not possible using block-based approaches. Each macroblock in such a frame can be compensated using global motion (no further motion
Global_motion_compensation
Video compression standard
standards, H.263 is a block-based hybrid video coding scheme using 16×16 macroblocks of YCbCr color sample arrays, motion-compensated prediction, an 8×8 discrete
H.263
Computer graphics artifact
the appearance of the original (unpixelated) image. Colour banding Macroblocking Posterization Pixel art "Researchers Have Created a Tool That Can Perfectly
Pixelation
Computer technology
subsampling Coding tree unit Color space Compression artifact Image resolution Macroblock Pixel PSNR Quantization Standard test image Texture compression Methods
Silence_compression
Digital TV with specs similar to analog broadcasts
stuttering, or dropouts from missing intra-frames or blockiness from missing macroblocks. The audio encoding is the last to suffer a loss due to the lower bandwidth
Standard-definition television
Standard-definition_television
Format for digital video content
achieving compression by copying previously-coded similar subimages (such as macroblocks) and adding small differences when necessary. Finding optimal combinations
Video_coding_format
Device or program that encodes/decodes audio data in some bitstream format
subsampling Coding tree unit Color space Compression artifact Image resolution Macroblock Pixel PSNR Quantization Standard test image Texture compression Methods
Audio_codec
File format for block-based Gzip compression
subsampling Coding tree unit Color space Compression artifact Image resolution Macroblock Pixel PSNR Quantization Standard test image Texture compression Methods
BGZF
Locating a moving object by analyzing frames of a video
compression, key frames are divided into macroblocks. The motion model is a disruption of a key frame, where each macroblock is translated by a motion vector
Video_tracking
Process of removing noise from a signal
group similar image fragments of overlapping macroblocks of identical size. Stacks of similar macroblocks are then filtered together in the transform domain
Noise_reduction
2008 open and royalty-free video coding format
serve the same purpose as the b-frames of the MPEG formats. Similar macroblocks can be assigned to one of up to four (even spatially disjoint) segments
VP8
Japanese media franchise based on manga by Harold Sakuishi
Funimation's DVD authoring for the amount of background noise that caused macroblocking. Kimlinger, his colleague Mark Sombillo, and Beveridge all praised the
Beck_(manga)
and MVC inter-view prediction, but does not support field pictures and macroblock-adaptive frame-field coding. The standard also contains four additional
Comparison_of_video_codecs
Video compression format, succeeds H.264/MPEG-4 AVC
representations such as RGB, YCbCr and ICtCp, and YCoCg. HEVC replaces 16×16 pixel macroblocks, which were used with previous standards, with coding tree units (CTUs)
High_Efficiency_Video_Coding
Free lossy video compression format
are grouped into various structures, namely blocks, super blocks, and macroblocks. Theora supports intra-coded frames ("keyframes") and forward-predictive
Theora
Imaging system using three sensors
Guide to Video and Audio Compression: From Sprockets and Rasters to Macroblocks. Elsevier. p. 137. ISBN 978-0-240-80630-3. Prism-Based Color Separation
Three-CCD_camera
Computer programming paradigm
an image; In a video encoder, each record may be 256 pixels forming a macroblock of data; or In wireless signal processing, each record could be a sequence
Stream_processing
Specification of display attributes
each dimension) of "Full HD", but with the height aligned to an 8-pixel "macroblock" boundary. Common in small-screen video applications, including portable
List of computer display standards
List_of_computer_display_standards
Engine manufacturer
the Zapata jetski. http://www.radicalperformanceengines.com/Powertec-Macroblock-v8/ http://www.radicalperformanceengines.com/4-cylinder/ Radical Performance
Radical_Performance_Engines
Sudden loss of digital signal reception
longer enough for the decoder to recover. The picture may break up (macroblocking), lock on a freeze frame, or go blank. Causes include rain fade or solar
Cliff_effect
Post-production video codec
packed into big-endian dwords. Actual frame data consists of packed macroblocks using a technique almost identical to JPEG: DC prediction and variable-length
Avid_DNxHD
Video encoding algorithm
"It's an algorithm that tries to optimally choose a quantizer for each macroblock using advanced math algorithms." It was later ported to programs which
Variance Adaptive Quantization
Variance_Adaptive_Quantization
Digital video coder/decoder
sequences. This process involves representing the video image as a set of macroblocks. For more information about this critical facet of video codec design
Video_codec
Royalty-free application programming interface and free and open-source library
48 pixels, and all codecs are currently limited to a maximum of 8192 macroblocks (8190 for VC-1/WMV9). Partial acceleration means that VLD (bitstream)
VDPAU
(bit/s) VCL: 20000000, NAL: 24000000 Min. VBV buffer size (KiB) VCL: 3200, NAL: 3840 Macroblocks (per second) 244800 Subtitles 8×SRT Audio 8×MP3, AC3, AAC
DivX_Plus_HD
Video codec
Guide to Video and Audio Compression: From Sprockets and Rasters to Macroblocks. Taylor & Francis. p. 359. ISBN 9780240806303. Mahol, Paul B. (December
Pixlet
Video compression format
discrete cosine transform (DCT) artifacts such as ringing, smudging and macroblocking. M-JPEG-compressed video is also insensitive to motion complexity, i
Motion_JPEG
5701164 19 December 1996 23 December 1997 24 March 1994 24 March 2014 Macroblock coding including difference between motion vectors U.S. patent 5,701,164
List of United States MPEG-2 patents
List_of_United_States_MPEG-2_patents
Digital tapeless camcorder
Vidster is so highly compressed, the footage exhibits constantly visible macroblocks, or square blocky artifacts from encoding. The Vidster only has auto-exposure
Mattel_Vidster
Ski company
shock absorbing ability, while the Metal Matrix used within the Maple Macroblock core gives the skis rigidity resulting in a smooth and stable ride at
Line_Skis
Nvidia's hardware SIP core that performs video decoding
48 pixels, and all codecs are currently limited to a maximum of 8192 macroblocks (8190 for VC-1/WMV9). Partial acceleration means that VLD (bitstream)
Nvidia_PureVideo
Project in integrated circuit design
Macro-Placer, organizes logic based on RTL hierarchy and creates clusters as macroblocks. Virtual connections and cluster weights are defined with dataflow and
OpenROAD_Project
Data compression technique
H.264), but the most common steps usually include: partitioning into macroblocks, transformation (e.g., using a DCT or wavelet), quantization and entropy
Intra-frame_coding
video frame to resume display when the signal returns. The result is macroblocking and pixelation of the entire signal whenever impulse noise sources (such
Digital_channel_election
Algorithm for noise reduction in images
different frames of a digital video, BM3D on the other hand may group macroblocks within a single frame. All image fragments in a group are then stacked
Block-matching and 3D filtering
Block-matching_and_3D_filtering
Video codec by Microsoft
for Windows), Microsoft Video 1 became criticized for its prominent macroblocking artifacts which resulted in distorted video. By the early 2000s, Microsoft
Microsoft_Video_1
Athanassios (2009-01-01). "Real time data hiding by exploiting the IPCM macroblocks in H. 264/AVC streams". Journal of Real-Time Image Processing. Archived
Video_browsing
1966 film
found the Blu-ray transfer was marked by "pervasive and unmistakable" macroblocking. In Spain, Film Ideal had only three of the nineteen critics see the
Attack_of_the_Robots
MACROBLOCK
MACROBLOCK
MACROBLOCK
MACROBLOCK
Boy/Male
Hindu
Male
English
Warlike Friend
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Town Near the Marsh
Female
Romanian
Feminine form of Slovene Mihael and Romanian Mihai, both MIHAELA means "who is like God?"
Boy/Male
Muslim
An honorific title
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Gentle; Creative and Ambitious; God
Female
Hungarian
Hungarian name GYÖNGYI means "pearl."
Girl/Female
Hindu
Lady
Boy/Male
Tamil
Prashanna | பà¯à®°à®·à®¨à®¨à®¾
Cheerful, Pleased, Happy
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
Intelligence; Lord Vishnu
MACROBLOCK
MACROBLOCK
MACROBLOCK
MACROBLOCK
MACROBLOCK