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Apparent oscillation of a minor body seen from the major body it orbits
In lunar astronomy, libration is the cyclic variation in the apparent position of the Moon that is perceived by observers on the Earth and caused by changes
Libration
Equilibrium points near two orbiting bodies
Lagrange points (/ləˈɡrɑːndʒ/), also called the Lagrangian points or libration points, are points of equilibrium for small-mass objects under the gravitational
Lagrange_point
Quasiperiodic orbit around a Lagrange point
In orbital mechanics, a libration point orbit (LPO) is a quasiperiodic orbit around a Lagrange point. Libration is a form of orbital motion exhibited
Libration_point_orbit
Slight rocking motion of an object
Libration (from the Latin verb librare "to balance, to sway"; cf. libra "scales") is a type of reciprocating motion in which an object with a nearly fixed
Libration_(molecule)
Military junta of Ethiopia (1974–1987)
The Derg or Dergue (Amharic: ደርግ, romanized: Därg, lit. 'committee' or 'council'), officially the Provisional Military Administrative Council (PMAC), and
Derg
Shape of the Moon's sunlit portion as viewed from Earth
and perigee requires a more elaborate calculation. Also, due to lunar libration it is not uncommon to see up to 101% of the full moon or even up to 5%
Lunar_phase
Concentrations of dust in the Earth–Moon system
The Kordylewski clouds, sometimes called the lunar libration clouds, are sparse clouds of cosmic dust that trail ahead and behind the Moon. They sit at
Kordylewski_cloud
Periodic, three-dimensional orbit
Libration point orbit – Quasiperiodic orbit around a Lagrange point Robert Farquhar (1966). "Station-Keeping in the Vicinity of Collinear Libration Points
Halo_orbit
Natural satellite orbiting Earth
to the different angles at which the Moon can appear in Earth's sky (libration), making parts of the far side of the Moon visible. The Moon has been
Moon
The Moon's circuit around Earth
be able to see one additional degree's worth of libration in latitude. Besides these "optical librations" caused by the change in perspective for an observer
Orbit_of_the_Moon
Hemisphere of the Moon that always faces away from Earth
far side is occasionally visible from Earth due to oscillation and to libration. The remaining 82% remained unobserved until 1959, when it was photographed
Far_side_of_the_Moon
Hemisphere of the Moon facing the Earth
orbit is both slightly eccentric and inclined to its equatorial plane, libration allows up to 59% of the lunar surface to be visible from Earth over the
Near_side_of_the_Moon
Moon of Saturn
crater Herschel was considered to be a more likely explanation for the libration. In 2022, scientists at the Southwest Research Institute identified a
Mimas
Lunar impact crater
located near the north pole of the Moon, along the northern limb in the libration zone. It lies just to the south-southeast of the craters Grignard and
Sylvester_(crater)
Situation in which an astronomical object's orbital period matches its rotational period
repeated observations from Earth, due to the phenomena of libration and parallax. Librations are primarily caused by the Moon's varying orbital speed due
Tidal_locking
Orbit around Earth between 160 and 2000 km
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Low_Earth_orbit
Natural satellite orbiting Saturn
that at some point it was in a 1:4 forced secondary spin–orbit libration. This libration could have provided Enceladus with an additional heat source.
Enceladus
Lunar phase when the Moon is fully illuminated
last occurred in 1977 (for the American time zones). A small horizontal libration is visible comparing their appearances. By the 19-year metonic cycle the
Full_moon
Trans-Neptunian object in a mean-motion orbital resonance with Neptune
(131696) 2001 XT254 is librating in a 3:7 resonance with Neptune. This libration can be stable for less than 100 million to billions of years. Emelʹyanenko
Resonant trans-Neptunian object
Resonant_trans-Neptunian_object
Orbit around Earth
orbit. Named after the writer Arthur C. Clarke. Earth orbital libration points The libration points for objects orbiting Earth are at 105 degrees west and
Geocentric_orbit
Regular and periodic mutual gravitational influence of orbiting bodies
plutinos) 2:4 Tethys–Mimas (Saturn's moons). Not reduced to 1:2 because the libration of the nodes must be taken into account. 1:2 Dione–Enceladus (Saturn's
Orbital_resonance
Moment in time used as a reference point in astronomy
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Epoch_(astronomy)
Italian physicist and astronomer (1564–1642)
Dante. Galileo is sometimes credited with the discovery of the lunar libration in latitude in 1632, although Thomas Harriot or William Gilbert may have
Galileo_Galilei
Pattern observed on the Moon's surface
Moonlight Earthlight Orbit Orbital elements Distance Perigee and apogee Libration Nodes Nodal period Precession Syzygy New moon Full moon Eclipses Lunar
Man_in_the_Moon
Low-energy trajectories in the Solar System
bodies in the solar system Archived 2007-01-08 at the Wayback Machine, Libration Point Orbits and Applications (Eds. G Gomez, M.W. Lo and J.J. Masdemont)
Interplanetary Transport Network
Interplanetary_Transport_Network
Mathematical equation describing the motion of a rocket
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Tsiolkovsky_rocket_equation
Largest dwarf planet in the Solar System
perturbing body—in this case, Neptune. Relative to Neptune, the amplitude of libration is 38°, and so the angular separation of Pluto's perihelion to the orbit
Pluto
Time between successive new moons
Animation of the Moon as it cycles through its phases, as seen from the Northern Hemisphere. The apparent wobbling of the Moon is known as libration.
Lunar_month
Lunar impact crater
Moonlight Earthlight Orbit Orbital elements Distance Perigee and apogee Libration Nodes Nodal period Precession Syzygy New moon Full moon Eclipses Lunar
Abbe_(crater)
Range of low orbital altitudes
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Very_low_Earth_orbit
Circular orbit above Earth's Equator and following the direction of Earth's rotation
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Geostationary_orbit
Maintenance of a particular orbit
spacecraft are also possible around Lagrange points—also referred to as libration points—five equilibrium points that exist in relation to two larger solar
Orbital_station-keeping
Theoretical description of motion of Earth's moon
Jeremiah Horrocks, who proposed a scheme involving an approximate 6 monthly libration in the position of the lunar apogee and also in the size of the elliptical
Lunar_theory
System for specifying positions of celestial objects
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Astronomical coordinate systems
Astronomical_coordinate_systems
Asteroid sharing the orbit of Jupiter
Lagrangian points; the average period of their libration is about 150 years. The amplitude of the libration (along the Jovian orbit) varies from 0.6° to
Jupiter_trojan
Configuration of two or more astronomical objects
are several classes of co-orbital objects, depending on their point of libration. The most common and best-known class is the trojan, which librates around
Co-orbital_configuration
Angle between a reference plane and the plane of an orbit
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Orbital_inclination
Time for Moon to complete one rotation on its axis
A full lunar day observed from the Earth, where orbital libration causes the apparent wobble.
Lunar_day
Impact crater on the far side of the Moon
northeastern limb. It lies in an area that can be viewed during a favorable libration, although the area is viewed from the side and not much detail can be
Giordano_Bruno_(crater)
Measuring the distance between the Earth and the Moon with laser light
sky, the relative motion of Earth and the Moon, Earth's rotation, lunar libration, polar motion, weather, speed of light through various layers of the Earth
Lunar Laser Ranging experiments
Lunar_Laser_Ranging_experiments
Orbit about a small Solar System body
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Terminator_orbit
Coordinate system used on the Moon
Anything past 90°E or 90°W would not be seen from Earth, except for libration, which makes 59% of the Moon visible. Longitude on the Moon is measured
Selenographic coordinate system
Selenographic_coordinate_system
Phases of Earth as seen from the Moon
any noticeable movement in the Moon's sky. However, due to the Moon's libration, Earth does perform a slow and complex wobbling movement. Once a month
Earth_phase
2009 studio album by Blut Aus Nord
No. Title Length 1. "Acceptance (Aske)" 1:30 2. "Disciple's Libration (Lost in the Nine Worlds)" 9:06 3. "The Cosmic Echoes of Non-Matter (Immaterial
Memoria Vetusta II – Dialogue with the Stars
Memoria_Vetusta_II_–_Dialogue_with_the_Stars
Indian activist, lawyer and politician
21 May 1973 (age 53) Party Communist Party Of India (Marxist-Leninist) Libration Spouse Maya Devi Education M.M.M. PG College, Bhatpar Rani (B.A.) Deen
Amarjeet_Kushwaha
Measure of amount of effort to change trajectory
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Delta-v
1968 photograph of Earth from lunar orbit
Earth-observable surface of the Moon (about 20% of the surface). Since a full libration cycle takes about 27 days, earthrises are very slow, and it takes about
Earthrise
Radio communications technique
signal. These "libration fading" amplitude variations are well correlated over the coherence bandwidth (typically a few kHz). The libration fading components
Earth–Moon–Earth communication
Earth–Moon–Earth_communication
Complex type of orbit
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Rosetta_orbit
Quasi-periodic orbital trajectory
is used as a transfer point for routine travel to and from the Moon. Libration point orbit Possibly a halo orbit. Sources disagree. Astronomy portal
Lissajous_orbit
Orbital data format
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Two-line_element_set
Type of spacecraft maneuver
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Oberth_effect
Concept in celestial mechanics
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Standard gravitational parameter
Standard_gravitational_parameter
Astrodynamic equation
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Orbit_equation
Speed at which a body orbits around the barycenter of a system
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Orbital_speed
First planet from the Sun
alternating gain and loss of rotation over a revolution would have caused a libration of 23.65° in longitude. For the same reason, there are two points on Mercury's
Mercury_(planet)
Specifies the orbit of an object in space
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Argument_of_periapsis
Rocks on or from the Moon
Moonlight Earthlight Orbit Orbital elements Distance Perigee and apogee Libration Nodes Nodal period Precession Syzygy New moon Full moon Eclipses Lunar
Moon_rock
Description of the moon's motion
scientist of his time. Refinements of these laws to include physical librations have been made, and they have been generalized to treat other satellites
Cassini's_laws
Series of mathematical models of the Solar System
caused by the figure of the Earth and Moon, and a model of the lunar librations. The observational data in the fits has been an evolving set, including:
Jet Propulsion Laboratory Development Ephemeris
Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory_Development_Ephemeris
19 solar year recurrence of lunar phases
repeats on or near Christmas between 1711 and 2300. A small horizontal libration is visible comparing their appearances. A red color shows full moons that
Metonic_cycle
Time an astronomical object takes to complete one orbit around another object
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Orbital_period
spacecraft measurements of induced magnetic fields, tidal Love numbers, libration amplitudes, surface geology, and isotopic geochemistry. As of 2026, three
List of ocean worlds in the Solar System
List_of_ocean_worlds_in_the_Solar_System
Feature on the moon
directly overhead, although the planet's position would vary slightly due to libration. The selenographic coordinates of Sinus Medii are 1°36′N 1°00′E / 1
Sinus_Medii
Movement around a celestial body that remains below its Karman line
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Transatmospheric_orbit
Topics referred to by the same term
well-ordering in term rewriting (computer science) Libertarian Party of Ohio Libration point orbit Licensed Post Office Limited principle of omniscience London
LPO
Region in which an astronomical body dominates the attraction of satellites
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Hill_sphere
Major deity in Hinduism
strides is reinterpreted as the ultimate metaphysical goal of spiritual libration (moksha). सोध्वनः पारमाप्नोति तद्विष्णोः परमं पदम् so'dhvanah param apnoti
Vishnu
Defining the orbit of an object in space
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Longitude of the ascending node
Longitude_of_the_ascending_node
1966 NASA crewed spaceflight
by thruster firings. Earth-Moon Libration Region Photography: To investigate the regions of the L4 and L5 libration points of the Earth–Moon system to
Gemini_11
Earth-centered orbit above low Earth orbit and below geostationary orbit
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Medium_Earth_orbit
Type of co-orbital motion of a small orbiting body relative to a larger orbiting body
it to accelerate or decelerate, causing a change in its orbit known as libration. An example of a tadpole orbit is Polydeuces, a small moon of Saturn which
Horseshoe_orbit
French mathematician and physicist (1781–1840)
in the Journal of the École Polytechnique (1809); Sur la libration de la lune (On the Libration of the Moon), in Connaissance des temps (1821), etc.; and
Siméon_Denis_Poisson
Trajectory of Earth around the Sun
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Earth's_orbit
Set of gravitationally bound objects in orbit
atmospheric and orbital interactions such as orbital resonances and libration. Individually major satellite objects are designated in Roman numerals
Satellite_system_(astronomy)
Dwarf planet with a ring and two moons
The libration of Haumea's nominal orbit in a rotating frame, with Neptune stationary (see 2 Pallas for an example of non-librating)
Haumea
Long-term human settlement on the Moon
Moonlight Earthlight Orbit Orbital elements Distance Perigee and apogee Libration Nodes Nodal period Precession Syzygy New moon Full moon Eclipses Lunar
Moonbase
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Longitude_of_periapsis
Angle defining a position in an orbit
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Eccentric_anomaly
Orbit keeping the satellite at a fixed longitude above the equator
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Geosynchronous_orbit
Term in geometry; longest and shortest semidiameters of an ellipse
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Semi-major and semi-minor axes
Semi-major_and_semi-minor_axes
List of definitions of terms and concepts commonly used in aerospace engineering
the Lagrange points /ləˈɡrɑːndʒ/ (also Lagrangian points, L-points, or libration points) are points near two large orbiting bodies. Normally, the two objects
Glossary of aerospace engineering
Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering
Large scattered-disc object
The libration of 2010 JO179's nominal orbit, in a frame co-rotating with Neptune (click image to view animation)
(574372)_2010_JO179
Laws describing planetary orbits
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Kepler's laws of planetary motion
Kepler's_laws_of_planetary_motion
2011 U.S. military operation in Abbottabad, Pakistan
This'". POLITICO. "NASA Scientific Visualization Studio | Moon Phase and Libration, 2011". SVS. June 13, 2011. Retrieved June 1, 2023. Carbone, Nick (May
Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden
Navigation using astronomical objects to determine position
Moonlight Earthlight Orbit Orbital elements Distance Perigee and apogee Libration Nodes Nodal period Precession Syzygy New moon Full moon Eclipses Lunar
Celestial_navigation
Type of high-latitude satellite orbit
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Molniya_orbit
Sub-kilometer asteroid and quasi-satellite of Earth
their orbits do not cross. Currently, the libration of Cardea's σ has an amplitude of 8–10°, with a libration period of 70 years. After exiting its quasi-satellite
164207_Cardea
Feature on the moon
although it can be viewed in its entirety during periods of favorable libration. Oblique view of Mare Australe on the moon, facing south, from Apollo
Mare_Australe
Amount by which an orbit deviates from a perfect circle
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Orbital_eccentricity
British astronomer (1937–2010)
g., for collections of objects in stable dynamic libration at the "Lagrange-points", the libration points L4 and L5 of large, classical planets, as in
Brian_G._Marsden
Asteroid sharing the orbit of Neptune
in resonance with the libration periods of Neptune trojans. This results in repeated perturbations that increase the libration of existing trojans causing
Neptune_trojan
Lunar mare
southwestern ejectaray. This extension is observable during favourable libration of the moon's eastern rim, as seen from Earth. This extension is also
Mare_Marginis
Field of classical mechanics concerned with the motion of spacecraft
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Orbital_mechanics
Periodic, three-dimensional orbit
Robert Farquhar (1966). "Station-Keeping in the Vicinity of Collinear Libration Points with an Application to a Lunar Communications Problem". AAS Science
Near-rectilinear_halo_orbit
Orbit around the barycenter of the Sun
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Heliocentric_orbit
Spacecraft launch or descent maneuver
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Gravity_turn
Retrograde asteroid discovered in 2014
(9 March 2016). "A numerical investigation of coorbital stability and libration in three dimensions". Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy. 125
514107_Kaʻepaokaʻāwela
Near-Earth asteroid and Earth trojan
(60 degrees behind Earth), before jumping to L4 via L3. Short-term unstable libration about L3, and transitions to horseshoe orbits are also possible. Newer
(706765)_2010_TK7
Artificial satellite that relays radio signals
Other orbits are also planned to be used. Positions in the Earth-Moon-Libration points are also proposed for communication satellites covering the Moon
Communications_satellite
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