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See searches and references containing INBREEDING AVOIDANCE!INBREEDING AVOIDANCE
Evolutionary biology concept of prevention of negative inbreeding effects
Inbreeding avoidance, or the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis, is a concept in evolutionary biology that refers to the prevention of the harmful effects
Inbreeding_avoidance
Reproduction by closely related organisms
referred to as inbred. The avoidance of expression of such deleterious recessive alleles caused by inbreeding, via inbreeding avoidance mechanisms, is the main
Inbreeding
Reduced fitness as a result of inbreeding
account for the avoidance of inbreeding (see kin recognition). However animals often do not avoid inbreeding. Among animals, inbreeding avoidance is highly
Inbreeding_depression
Sexual reproduction in canine species
dispersal reduces inbreeding. Grey wolves and Arctic foxes also exhibit inbreeding avoidance. It is evolutionarily advantageous to avoid inbreeding because it
Canine_reproduction
Sexual behavior of non-human animals
relatives and the avoidance of inbreeding. When mating does occur between meerkat relatives, it often results in inbreeding depression. Inbreeding depression
Animal_sexual_behaviour
Warm-blooded animals with wings and feathers
(2013). "Breeding synchronization facilitates extrapair mating for inbreeding avoidance". Behavioral Ecology. 24 (6): 1390–1397. doi:10.1093/beheco/art078
Bird
Species of tropical fish
Inbreeding depression is considered to be due largely to the expression of homozygous deleterious recessive mutations. Numerous inbreeding avoidance mechanisms
Guppy
Species of mite
Massourakis G, Sabelis MW, Egas M (June 2011). "Mate choice promotes inbreeding avoidance in the two-spotted spider mite". Experimental & Applied Acarology
Tetranychus_urticae
Mechanism for evolution
negative consequences of inbreeding. However certain natural constraints act to limit the evolution of inbreeding avoidance, particularly when there is
Mate_choice
Species of mammal
of genetic identity that appears to underlie kin recognition and inbreeding avoidance. Thus there are fewer matings between mice sharing MUP haplotypes
House_mouse
Small insects of the family Gryllidae
severe negative effects of inbreeding. Controlled-breeding experiments with the cricket Gryllus firmus demonstrated inbreeding depression, as nymphal weight
Cricket_(insect)
Ability of an organism to distinguish between close genetic kin and non-kin
for inbreeding avoidance. While a 2021 meta-analysis of research across 88 diploid species found that animals rarely avoid inbreeding, avoidance is more
Kin_recognition
Reproductive physiology of fishes
to avoid inbreeding. Numerous inbreeding avoidance mechanisms operating prior to mating have been described. However, inbreeding avoidance mechanisms
Fish_reproduction
Sense that detects smells
of genetic identity that appears to underlie kin recognition and inbreeding avoidance. Thus, there are fewer matings between mice sharing MUP haplotypes
Sense_of_smell
Sexual activity between close relatives
related genetically. However, cultural anthropologists have noted that inbreeding avoidance cannot form the sole basis for the incest taboo because the boundaries
Incest
Reproductive process
in progeny. Numerous inbreeding avoidance mechanisms operating prior to mating have been described. However, inbreeding avoidance mechanisms that operate
Sperm_competition
Group of insects
chemical signature carried or emitted by males. Sibling-mating avoidance reduces inbreeding depression that is largely due to the expression of homozygous
Wasp
Species of canine
exists in fragmented, small populations, its existence is endangered. Inbreeding avoidance by mate selection is a characteristic of the species and has important
African_wild_dog
Order of reptiles
relatives. This preference may enhance the fitness of progeny by reducing inbreeding depression. Recent research suggests that the evolutionary origin of venom
Squamata
Family of ray-finned fish
1016/S0003-3472(82)80199-1. S2CID 54356731. Frommen JG, Bakker TC (June 2006). "Inbreeding avoidance through non-random mating in sticklebacks". Biol Lett. 2 (2): 232–5
Stickleback
Mating of closely related individuals in fish
mechanisms to avoid inbreeding. Numerous inbreeding avoidance mechanisms operating before mating have been described. However, inbreeding avoidance mechanisms
Inbreeding_in_fish
Species of lizard
such process is inbreeding avoidance (avoiding inbreeding depression). The impact of habitat alteration (deforestation) on inbreeding was studied in the
Cunningham's spiny-tailed skink
Cunningham's_spiny-tailed_skink
Species of flowering plant
indicated the occurrence of inbreeding depression in male plants under natural conditions. In female plants, inbreeding depression significantly affects
Silene_latifolia
Type of small omnivorous rodent
Ishibashi Y, Saitoh T (2008). "Role of male-biased dispersal in inbreeding avoidance in the grey-sided vole (Myodes rufocanus)". Mol. Ecol. 17 (22): 4887–96
Vole
Chemical emitted to trigger a response among the same species
Ollier WE, Stockley P, et al. (December 2007). "The genetic basis of inbreeding avoidance in house mice". Current Biology. 17 (23): 2061–2066. Bibcode:2007CBio
Pheromone
Species of lizard
up to ten years. Due to their longevity, they are sometimes prone to inbreeding. The sand lizard is a sexually dimorphic legged lizard. In northwest Europe
Sand_lizard
Cultural rule that prohibits incest
the norm. Baldwin effect Cinderella effect Heterosis Homozygosity Inbreeding avoidance The Tapestry of Culture An Introduction to Cultural Anthropology
Incest_taboo
Measure of biological relationship between individuals
Genetic diversity Genetic sexual attraction Inbreeding Coefficient of inbreeding Inbreeding avoidance Inbreeding depression Incest Incest taboo Legality of
Coefficient_of_relationship
Species of amphibian
Waldman, B; Rice, JE; Honeycutt, RL (1992). "Kin recognition and incest avoidance in toads". Am. Zool. 32: 18–30. doi:10.1093/icb/32.1.18. Wikispecies has
American_toad
Species of bird
Project" Nelson-Flower MJ, Hockey PA, O'Ryan C, Ridley AR (2012). "Inbreeding avoidance mechanisms: dispersal dynamics in cooperatively breeding southern
Southern_pied_babbler
Genus of mammals
population of the Amboseli ecosystem in Kenya, inbreeding is avoided by mate choice. Inbreeding avoidance through mate choice is thought to only evolve
Baboon
Species of cricket
Biomedical Science 1-207. Drayton JM, Milner RN, Hunt J, Jennions MD (2010). "Inbreeding and advertisement calling in the cricket Teleogryllus commodus: laboratory
Teleogryllus_commodus
Biological kingdom
ISBN 978-0-12-017624-3. PMID 3324702. Pusey, Anne; Wolf, Marisa (1996). "Inbreeding avoidance in animals". Trends Ecol. Evol. 11 (5): 201–206. Bibcode:1996TEcoE
Animal
distance Genetic diversity Genetic sexual attraction Inbreeding Inbreeding avoidance Inbreeding depression Incest taboo Jetyata Jewish views on incest
Legality of incest in the United States
Legality_of_incest_in_the_United_States
Species of rodent
still capable of having a spin on the wheel. Male bank voles exhibit inbreeding avoidance behavior, finding nonsibling females more attractive than siblings
Bank_vole
Species of bird
Saether BE, Jensen H (March 2012). "Evidence of inbreeding depression but not inbreeding avoidance in a natural house sparrow population". Mol Ecol.
House_sparrow
Adaptive immune gene selection
heterozygote advantage as well. Animals only rarely avoid inbreeding. The inbreeding avoidance hypothesis has been "ruled out as an explanation for the
Major histocompatibility complex and sexual selection
Major_histocompatibility_complex_and_sexual_selection
relatives. This preference may enhance the fitness of progeny by reducing inbreeding depression. The semi-aquatic black swamp snake, Seminatrix pygaea, which
Sexual selection in scaled reptiles
Sexual_selection_in_scaled_reptiles
Property of being from the same kinship as another person
history Inbreeding – Reproduction by closely related organisms Inbreeding avoidance – Evolutionary biology concept of prevention of negative inbreeding effects
Consanguinity
Species of bee
1111/syen.12419. Foster, Robin L (1992). "Nestmate recognition as an inbreeding avoidance mechanism in bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)". Journal of the Kansas
Bombus_vancouverensis
which is an unusual result that does not support the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis. Close inbreeding was observed at low frequencies in the Mediterranean
Seabird_breeding_behavior
Sex change as part of the normal life cycle of a species
import and export. Unlike the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis, which focused on female function, this interference-avoidance hypothesis considers both reproductive
Sequential_hermaphroditism
Form of collective animal behaviour
conducted by O'Riain and Faulkes in 2008 suggests that, due to regular inbreeding avoidance, mole rats sometimes outbreed and establish new colonies when resources
Sociality
Genus of marsupials
that dispersal but are tolerant of unrelated males in the nest. Inbreeding avoidance is likely to explain that behaviour. Male die-off occurs because
Antechinus
Passerine bird in the tit family Paridae
1139/cjz-79-10-1829. Szulkin M, Sheldon BC (2008). "Dispersal as a means of inbreeding avoidance in a wild bird population". Proc. Biol. Sci. 275 (1635): 703–11.
Great_tit
Dog breed
population shows signs of inbreeding depression including reduced fertility due to small litter size, inbreeding avoidance behaviors and low sperm quality
Norwegian_Lundehund
Marriage between those with common grandparents or other recent ancestors
distance Genetic diversity Genetic sexual attraction Inbreeding Inbreeding avoidance Inbreeding depression Incest taboo Jetyata Jewish views on incest
Cousin_marriage
Group of insects in the order Lepidoptera
may mask the deleterious effect of inbreeding resulting in relaxation of selection for active inbreeding avoidance behaviors. Butterflies feed primarily
Butterfly
Change in the heritable traits of populations
total population since it takes into account factors such as the level of inbreeding and the stage of the lifecycle in which the population is the smallest
Evolution
Species of Old World monkey
PMC 2553520. PMID 18495681. Manson, J. H.; Perry, S. E. (1993). "Inbreeding avoidance in rhesus macaques: whose choice?" (PDF). American Journal of Physical
Rhesus_macaque
strategy Fisher's principle Fitness Inclusive Gene flow Kin selection Inbreeding avoidance Kin recognition Parental investment Parent–offspring conflict Mutation
Evolution_of_cetaceans
Subdiscipline of biology regarding social behavior
Evolutionary models of food sharing Group selection Kin selection Inbreeding avoidance Kin recognition Male warrior hypothesis Reciprocal altruism Sexual
Sociobiology
Species of true bug
and Relatedness on Mating Patterns in Thornbug Treehoppers: Inbreeding Avoidance or Inbreeding Tolerance? Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology: 62, 1869-1875
Umbonia_crassicornis
MHCs may help to prevent incest and subsequent birth defects. This inbreeding avoidance hypothesis proposes that biases towards heterozygotic alleles prevent
Body odour and sexual attraction
Body_odour_and_sexual_attraction
Aesthetic assessment of physical traits
look different from them, which is consistent with a pattern of inbreeding avoidance. Although one study found that individuals show a preference for
Physical_attractiveness
Species of cricket
N. & Tregenza, T. (2003). "Molecular Evidence of Post-Copulatory Inbreeding Avoidance in the Field Cricket Gryllus bimaculatus". Proceedings: Biological
Gryllus_bimaculatus
Spiders that form long-lasting aggregations
evolution of social inbreeding mating systems in spiders: Limited male mating dispersal and lack of pre-copulatory inbreeding avoidance in a subsocial predecessor"
Social_spider
Species of butterfly
ecology may mask the deleterious effect of inbreeding and relax selection for active inbreeding avoidance behaviors. Bush browns have a zygoticity based
Bicyclus_anynana
Consanguineous relationships in the Middle East
distance Genetic diversity Genetic sexual attraction Inbreeding Inbreeding avoidance Inbreeding depression Incest Incest taboo Legality of incest Mahram
Cousin marriage in the Middle East
Cousin_marriage_in_the_Middle_East
Extinct species of South African antelope
had become adapted to low effective population size, exhibiting inbreeding avoidance. Bluebuck genomes evinced high genetic purging, and even seemed unaffected
Bluebuck
Canid native to the southeastern United States
pedigree, it was found that inbreeding among first-degree relatives was rare. A likely mechanism for avoidance of inbreeding is independent dispersal trajectories
Red_wolf
Tendency of animals to return to an area, especially to reproduce
S2CID 53146722. Moore, Jim; Ali, Rauf (1984). "Are dispersal and inbreeding avoidance related?". Animal Behaviour. 32 (1): 94–112. Bibcode:1984AnBeh..32
Philopatry
Theories on the development of personality
Evolutionarily stable strategy Exaptation Fitness Inclusive Kin selection Inbreeding avoidance Kin recognition Parental investment Parent–offspring conflict Mismatch
Personality_development
Species of Old World monkey
Scientist. 19 (7). Packer, C. (1979). "Inter-troop transfer and inbreeding avoidance in Papio anubis". Anim Behav. 27 (1): 1–36. doi:10.1016/0003-3472(79)90126-X
Olive_baboon
Social group of conspecific canids
Gottelli; MacDonald (1996). "Male Philopatry, Extra-Pack Copulations and Inbreeding Avoidance in Ethiopian Wolves (Canis simensis)". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
Pack_(canine)
Species of spider
populations, alongside inbreeding which also takes place amongst this species. The cost of inbreeding is low, and females show no avoidance to this behaviour
Stegodyphus_lineatus
Odor produced by a living animal
"Possible olfaction-based mechanisms in human kin recognition and inbreeding avoidance". Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. 85 (3): 279–295. doi:10
Body_odor
Promiscuity among human females
polyandry relating to sexual conflict, including mate competition and inbreeding avoidance. The following list is incomplete. It is easier to ensure reproductive
Female_promiscuity
Biological principle about the differential reproductive success in males versus females
Rowley, I; Adams, M; Baverstock, PR (Mar 1990), "Promiscuity: An inbreeding avoidance mechanism in a socially monogamous species?", Behavioral Ecology
Bateman's_principle
Species of true bug
Entomology 26 (1971). Huang, Ming H.; Caillaud, Marina C. (2012). "Inbreeding Avoidance by Recognition of Close Kin in the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum"
Acyrthosiphon_pisum
2000 book by Randy Thornhill and Craig T. Palmer
Evolutionarily stable strategy Exaptation Fitness Inclusive Kin selection Inbreeding avoidance Kin recognition Parental investment Parent–offspring conflict Mismatch
A_Natural_History_of_Rape
Branch of psychology
natural selection. Examples include language-acquisition modules, incest-avoidance mechanisms, cheater-detection mechanisms, intelligence and sex-specific
Evolutionary_psychology
Concept in ethology and evolutionary biology
16(3), pp.550-560. Clutton-Brock, T.H., 1989. Female transfer and inbreeding avoidance in social mammals. Nature, 337(6202), p.70. Loehle, C., 1995. Social
Group_living
Common name for certain frogs, especially of the family Bufonidae
females recognize kin. Kin recognition thus allows avoidance of inbreeding and consequent inbreeding depression. In the United Kingdom, common toads often
Toad
Species of bird
distance in females is typical for many bird species, and may aid in inbreeding avoidance. Natal dispersal in the Canadian prairies was significantly higher
Swainson's_hawk
Manner in which humans engage sexually
leads to the expression of deleterious recessive mutations. The avoidance of inbreeding as a constraint on human sexual activity is apparent in the near
Human_sexual_activity
described as "evolved strategies that allow for the identification and avoidance of specific problems, especially in the social domain." Depression is
Evolutionary approaches to depression
Evolutionary_approaches_to_depression
Rotational self-propulsion of organisms
strategy Fisher's principle Fitness Inclusive Gene flow Kin selection Inbreeding avoidance Kin recognition Parental investment Parent–offspring conflict Mutation
Rotating locomotion in living systems
Rotating_locomotion_in_living_systems
Evolutionary strategy favoring relatives
than previously recognised. Kin recognition may be selected for inbreeding avoidance, and little evidence indicates that 'innate' kin recognition plays
Kin_selection
Species of primate
Gilkenson, H.; Gros-Louis, J. & Vigilant, L. (2006). "Father-daughter inbreeding avoidance in a wild primate population". Current Biology. 16 (5): 156–7. Bibcode:2006CBio
Panamanian white-faced capuchin
Panamanian_white-faced_capuchin
Subdiscipline of ecology
natal grounds they disperse. And the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis suggests individuals disperse to decrease inbreeding. Studying these hypotheses can be
Molecular_ecology
Hypothesis that those who grow up together become desensitized to sexual attraction
ISBN 978-3-319-19650-3. S2CID 241044443. Retrieved 13 November 2022. Inbreeding, Incest, and the Incest Taboo: The State of Knowledge at the Turn of the
Westermarck_effect
Measure of evolutionary success
1439-0310.1979.tb00682.x. Tai, F. D.; Wang, T. Z.; Zhao, Y. J. (2000). "Inbreeding avoidance and mate choice in the mandarin vole (Microtus mandarinus)". Canadian
Inclusive_fitness
Domesticated species of canid
found that inbreeding decreases litter size and survival. Another analysis of data on 42,855 Dachshund litters found that as the inbreeding coefficient
Dog
Animal cognition
16(3), pp.550-560. Clutton-Brock, T.H., 1989. Female transfer and inbreeding avoidance in social mammals. Nature, 337(6202), p.70. Hughey, Lacey F.; Hein
Collective_animal_behavior
Proteins found in the urine and other secretions of many animals
Wild mice breeding freely in semi-natural enclosures showed inbreeding avoidance. This avoidance resulted from a strong deficit in successful matings between
Major_urinary_proteins
Retention of sperm by female after mating
1439-0469.2008.00491.x. Welke, Klaas; Schneider, Jutta M (2009). "Inbreeding avoidance through cryptic female choice in the cannibalistic orb-web spider
Female_sperm_storage
selection as individual recognition allows birds to avoid inbreeding with conspecifics. Inbreeding avoidance has been shown in a species of storm petrel, a colonial
Cognitive ecology of individual recognition in colonial birds
Cognitive_ecology_of_individual_recognition_in_colonial_birds
American psychologist
Evolutionarily stable strategy Exaptation Fitness Inclusive Kin selection Inbreeding avoidance Kin recognition Parental investment Parent–offspring conflict Mismatch
David_P._Barash
Effort to improve purported human genetic quality
deemed unfit. To population geneticists, the term has included the avoidance of inbreeding without altering allele frequencies; for example, British-Indian
Eugenics
Subfield of biology
strategy Fisher's principle Fitness Inclusive Gene flow Kin selection Inbreeding avoidance Kin recognition Parental investment Parent–offspring conflict Mutation
Ecological evolutionary developmental biology
Ecological_evolutionary_developmental_biology
Macedonian Greek royal family which ruled Egypt
dynasties of Egypt, the Ptolemaic dynasty eventually adopted the practice of inbreeding including sibling marriage; this did not start in earnest until nearly
Ptolemaic_dynasty
Species of bird endemic to Australia
(2013). "Breeding synchronization facilitates extrapair mating for inbreeding avoidance". Behavioral Ecology. 24 (6): 1390–1397. doi:10.1093/beheco/art078
Purple-crowned_fairywren
Evolutionarily stable strategy Exaptation Fitness Inclusive Kin selection Inbreeding avoidance Kin recognition Parental investment Parent–offspring conflict Mismatch
History of evolutionary psychology
History_of_evolutionary_psychology
Species of bee
S2CID 87474929. Foster, Robin L. (1992-07-01). "Nestmate Recognition as an Inbreeding Avoidance Mechanism in Bumble Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)". Journal of the Kansas
Bombus_frigidus
Species of fish
from non-kin brings fitness advantages through kin selection and inbreeding avoidance. Kin selection can explain the evolution of cooperative breeding
Neolamprologus_pulcher
Species of mongoose from Southern Africa
and the avoidance of inbreeding. When mating occurs between meerkat relatives it often results in negative fitness consequences (inbreeding depression)
Meerkat
Fitness theory
The point about inbreeding avoidance is significant, since the whole genome of sexual organisms benefits from avoiding close inbreeding; there is a different
Inclusive_fitness_in_humans
Intentional breeding of wild organisms by humans
breeding of the California condor and the Guam rail. The maximum avoidance of inbreeding (MAI) scheme allows control at a group level rather than an individual
Captive_breeding
Type of fertilization
K, Bernasconi G (2009). "Evidence for inbreeding depression and post-pollination selection against inbreeding in the dioecious plant Silene latifolia"
Allogamy
INBREEDING AVOIDANCE
INBREEDING AVOIDANCE
Surname or Lastname
North German and Dutch
North German and Dutch : topographic name from Middle Low German hage(n), Middle Dutch haghe ‘enclosure’, ‘hedge’.German, Dutch, and Danish : from a Germanic personal name, a short form of the various compound names formed with hag ‘enclosure’, ‘protected place’ as the first element.German : nickname from Middle High German hagen ‘breeding bull’.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : of uncertain origin; perhaps the same as 1.English : from an Old Scandinavian or continental Germanic personal name Hǫgni ‘protector’, ‘patron’ (Old Norse), Haghni (Old Danish), Hagano (Old Germanic).Norwegian : habitational name from any of numerous farmsteads so named, from the definite singular form of hage, from Old Norse hagi ‘enclosure’.Swedish : ornamental or topographic name from the definite singular form of hage ‘enclosed pasture’.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English
Coal Town; Town of Colt-breeding; Dark Settlement
Boy/Male
Arabic, Farsi, Iranian, Muslim, Parsi
Good-breeding
Girl/Female
Arabic
Good Breeding; Decorum; Culture
Surname or Lastname
English (Northumbria)
English (Northumbria) : occupational name for a breeder or keeper of horses, from Old English stÅd ‘stud’ or stott ‘inferior kind of horse’ + hierde ‘herdsman’, ‘keeper’. There is a difficulty in deriving this name from Old English stÅd in that stud is not recorded in the sense ‘collection of horses bred by one person’ until the 17th century; before that it denoted a place where horses were kept for breeding, but that sense does not combine naturally with ‘herdsman’.The Stoddard family of Boston, MA, was introduced by Anthony Stoddard (1600–1686), who settled there in 1639. Solomon Stoddard (1643–1728/9) was a prominent Congregational clergyman in MA, the grandfather of Jonathan Edwards, and progenitor of many noted descendants.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Increase; Growth; Breeding
Boy/Male
Muslim
Good breeding
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish (of Norman origin)
English and Irish (of Norman origin) : habitational name from La Varrenne in Seine-Maritime, France, named with a Gaulish element probably descriptive of alluvial land or sandy soil.English : topographic name for someone who lived by a game park, or an occupational name for someone employed in one, from Anglo-Norman French warrene or Middle English wareine ‘warren’, ‘piece of land for breeding game’.Irish : adopted as an Englsih form of Gaelic Ó Murnáin (see Murnane, Warner).The surname Warren was brought to North America from England independently by many different bearers in the 17th and 18th centuries. Richard Warren, a London merchant, was one of the Pilgrims on the Mayflower. John Warren came to Salem, MA, in 1630 on the Arbella, and was the founder of an influential 18th-century Boston family. Arthur Warren emigrated to Weymouth, MA, before 1638.
INBREEDING AVOIDANCE
INBREEDING AVOIDANCE
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Daughter of God Shiva
Boy/Male
Tamil
Tajender | தாஜேநà¯à®¤à®°
God of grandeur, Splendour of God, Grandeur of God in heaven
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from one of the many Middle English pet forms of Adam, formed with the hypocoristic suffix -cok.
Boy/Male
English
rules by the spear.
Girl/Female
Australian, Christian, German, Greek, Kurdish, Latin, Polish
Renowned Protector; Pretty Rose; Form of Rosalind; Tender Horse; Horse Protection
Boy/Male
Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Malayalam, Mythological, Oriya, Tamil, Traditional
Relating to the Spring; Sweet Like Honey; Another Name of Lord Krishna; Gouri
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
One with Golden Body; Precious Gift from God
Boy/Male
Australian, French
Christmas
Boy/Male
Hindu
Moon stone, Moon loved
Boy/Male
Tamil
Aadipta | ஆதீபà¯à®¤à®¾Â
Bright
INBREEDING AVOIDANCE
INBREEDING AVOIDANCE
INBREEDING AVOIDANCE
INBREEDING AVOIDANCE
INBREEDING AVOIDANCE
a. & adv.
Applied to breeding from a male and female of the same parentage. See under Breeding.
n.
A stallion, esp. one kept for breeding.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Breed
n.
The generation or breeding of vermin.
n.
Deportment or behavior in the external offices and decorums of social life; manners; knowledge of, or training in, the ceremonies, or polite observances of society.
v. t.
To reject as unfit for breeding purposes.
n.
A breaking in; inroad; invasion.
a.
Producing or breeding worms.
a.
Not gentle; lacking good breeding or delicacy; harsh.
n.
The breeding of special stocks or races.
a.
Having good breeding; refined in manners; polite; cultivated.
n.
The act or process of generating or bearing.
n.
Nurture; education; formation of manners.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Inbreed
n.
The raising or improving of any kind of domestic animals; as, farmers should pay attention to breeding.
n.
Any act of rudeness or ill breeding.
n.
A stock of breeding mares.
n.
Alt. of Inbreaking
n.
A breeding place, or rookery, of penguins.
n.
Descent; pedigree; extraction.