AI & ChatGPT searches , social queriess for GRADED RING
Search references for GRADED RING. Phrases containing GRADED RING
See searches and references containing GRADED RING!
Search references for GRADED RING. Phrases containing GRADED RING
See searches and references containing GRADED RING!GRADED RING
Type of algebraic structure
A graded module that is also a graded ring is called a graded algebra. A graded ring could also be viewed as a graded Z {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} }
Graded_ring
In algebra, a graded-commutative ring (also called a skew-commutative ring) is a graded ring that is commutative in the graded sense; that is, homogeneous
Graded-commutative_ring
In mathematics, the associated graded ring of a ring R with respect to a proper ideal I is the graded ring: gr I R = ⨁ n = 0 ∞ I n / I n + 1 {\displaystyle
Associated_graded_ring
Algebraic structure
cohomology of a cdga is a graded-commutative ring, sometimes referred to as the cohomology ring. A broad range examples of graded rings arises in this way.
Commutative_ring
Commutative monoid in simplicial abelian groups
_{*}A} is a graded ring over π 0 A {\displaystyle \pi _{0}A} .) A topology-counterpart of this notion is a commutative ring spectrum. The ring of polynomial
Simplicial_commutative_ring
Generalization of vector spaces from fields to rings
submodules becomes stationary after finitely many steps. Graded A graded module is a module over a graded ring R = ⨁x Rx together with a direct sum decomposition
Module_(mathematics)
Local ring in commutative algebra
context of graded rings R, the canonical module of a Gorenstein ring R is isomorphic to R with some degree shift. For a Gorenstein local ring (R, m, k)
Gorenstein_ring
Algebraic structure
polynomials, graded rings, have been introduced for generalizing some properties of polynomial rings. A closely related notion is that of the ring of polynomial
Polynomial_ring
Topics referred to by the same term
strength Grade (angle), a unit for the measurement of plane angles Grade (ring theory), a cohomological invariant in commutative algebra Graded (mathematics)
Grade
Device for prevention of corona discharge on high-voltage equipment
In electrical engineering, a corona ring, more correctly referred to as an anti-corona ring, is a toroid of conductive material, usually metal, which
Corona_ring
into a ring. In fact, it is naturally an N-graded ring with the nonnegative integer k serving as the degree. The cup product respects this grading. The
Cohomology_ring
mathematics, the pluricanonical ring of an algebraic variety V (which is nonsingular), or of a complex manifold, is the graded ring R ( V , K ) = R ( V , K V
Canonical_ring
Projective analogue of the spectrum of a ring
this article, all rings will be assumed to be commutative and with identity. Let S {\displaystyle S} be a commutative graded ring, where S = ⨁ i ≥ 0
Proj_construction
Index of articles associated with the same name
I}V_{i}} of spaces. A graded linear map is a map between graded vector spaces respecting their gradations. A graded ring is a ring that is a direct sum
Graded_structure
Branch of algebra
{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {m}}} -primary ideals. The dimension of the graded ring gr m ( R ) = ⨁ k ≥ 0 m k / m k + 1 {\displaystyle \textstyle \operatorname
Ring_theory
Operation measuring the failure of two entities to commute
B]]]\right)+\cdots \right).} When dealing with graded algebras, the commutator is usually replaced by the graded commutator, defined in homogeneous components
Commutator
Describes the structure of some free resolutions of a quotient of a local or graded ring
local or graded ring in the case that the quotient has projective dimension 2. Hilbert (1890) proved a version of this theorem for polynomial rings, and Burch (1968
Hilbert–Burch_theorem
Operation in cohomology theory
distributive) graded commutative product operation in cohomology, turning the cohomology of a space X {\displaystyle X} into a graded ring, H ∗ ( X ) {\displaystyle
Cup_product
Algebraic object
In mathematics, the ring of modular forms associated to a subgroup Γ of the special linear group SL(2, Z) is the graded ring generated by the modular forms
Ring_of_modular_forms
Index of articles associated with the same name
product. In the context of module theory and ring theory the socle of a module M {\displaystyle M} over a ring R {\displaystyle R} is defined to be the sum
Socle_(mathematics)
,an) is the projective variety Proj(k[x0,...,xn]) associated to the graded ring k[x0,...,xn] where the variable xk has degree ak. If d is a positive
Weighted_projective_space
Algebraic structure with addition and multiplication
H^{*}(X,\mathbb {Z} )=\bigoplus _{i=0}^{\infty }H^{i}(X,\mathbb {Z} ),} a graded ring. There are also homology groups H i ( X , Z ) {\displaystyle H_{i}(X
Ring_(mathematics)
Submodule of a mathematical ring
In mathematics, and more specifically in ring theory, an ideal of a ring is a special subset of its elements. Ideals generalize certain subsets of the
Ideal_(ring_theory)
commutative rings are replaced with derived versions such as differential graded algebras, commutative simplicial rings, or commutative ring spectra. From
Derived_scheme
Various mathematical dualites
operad are commutative algebras, i.e., commutative (possibly graded, differential graded) rings. Yet another example is the Lie operad whose algebras are
Koszul_duality
Reduction of a ring by one of its ideals
In ring theory, a branch of abstract algebra, a quotient ring, also known as factor ring, difference ring or residue class ring, is a construction quite
Quotient_ring
Algebraic structure used in topology
R)=\bigoplus _{i}H^{i}(X,R)} into a graded ring, called the cohomology ring of X {\displaystyle X} . It is graded-commutative in the sense that: u v =
Cohomology
Generalization of the tangent space to a manifold to the case of certain spaces
and (OX,x, m) be the local ring of X at x. Then the tangent cone to X at x is the spectrum of the associated graded ring of OX,x with respect to the
Tangent_cone
i > 1 in order to be symmetric. Unlike the whole power series ring, the subring ΛR is graded by the total degree of monomials: due to condition 2, every
Ring_of_symmetric_functions
Standard or referential form
common sphere, whose center is the average of its vertices Canonical ring, a graded ring associated to an algebraic variety Canonical injection, in set theory
Canonical
fact that its coefficient ring, tmf 0 {\displaystyle \operatorname {tmf} ^{0}} (point), is almost the same as the graded ring of holomorphic modular forms
Topological_modular_forms
Algebraic variety in a projective space
degree and the dimension can be read off the Hilbert polynomial of this graded ring. Projective varieties arise in many ways. They are complete, which roughly
Projective_variety
Topics referred to by the same term
k ( V ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {Gr} _{k}(V)} the associated graded ring, gr I ( R ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {gr} _{I}(R)} General relativity
GR
commutative rings, a free product is a tensor product. 4. A free ring is a ring that is a free algebra over the integers. graded A graded ring is a ring together
Glossary_of_ring_theory
Mathematical ring with well-behaved ideals
{g}}} is a both left and right Noetherian ring; this follows from the fact that the associated graded ring of U is a quotient of Sym ( g ) {\displaystyle
Noetherian_ring
Number in {..., –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, ...}
form a ring which is the most basic one, in the following sense: for any ring, there is a unique ring homomorphism from the integers into this ring. This
Integer
Algebra term
that this mapping defines a homomorphism from the Milnor ring of k to the graded Witt ring. Milnor showed also that this homomorphism sends elements
Witt_group
Analytic function on the upper half-plane with a certain behavior under the modular group
the ring of modular forms of Γ is the graded ring M ( Γ ) = ⨁ k > 0 M k ( Γ ) {\displaystyle M(\Gamma )=\bigoplus _{k>0}M_{k}(\Gamma )} . Rings of modular
Modular_form
coefficient ring of complex cobordism is naturally isomorphic as a graded ring to Lazard's universal ring. Hence, topologists commonly regrade the Lazard ring so
Lazard's_universal_ring
Sheaf consisting of modules on a ringed space; generalizing vector bundles
{\varphi }})} . There is a graded analog of the construction and equivalence in the preceding section. Let R be a graded ring generated by degree-one elements
Sheaf_of_modules
2001 film by Peter Jackson
The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring is a 2001 epic fantasy film directed by Peter Jackson from a screenplay by Fran Walsh, Philippa Boyens
The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring
The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring
In mathematics, the irrelevant ideal is the ideal of a graded ring generated by the homogeneous elements of degree greater than zero. It corresponds to
Irrelevant_ideal
Unique ring consisting of one element
In ring theory, a branch of mathematics, the zero ring or trivial ring is the unique ring (up to isomorphism) consisting of one element. (Less commonly
Zero_ring
Well-behaved sequence in a commutative ring
local ring and the elements ri are in the maximal ideal, or if R is a graded ring and the ri are homogeneous of positive degree, then any permutation of
Regular_sequence
Structure-preserving function between two rings
mathematics, a ring homomorphism is a structure-preserving function between two rings. More explicitly, if R and S are rings, then a ring homomorphism is
Ring_homomorphism
Branch of mathematics
defines Proj in the following fashion: Let R be a graded C-algebra, and let Mod-R denote the category of graded right R-modules. Let F denote the subcategory
Noncommutative algebraic geometry
Noncommutative_algebraic_geometry
Algebraic structure used in theoretical physics
is a Z 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} _{2}} -graded algebra. That is, it is an algebra over a commutative ring or field with a decomposition into "even"
Superalgebra
In mathematics, dimension of a ring
_{I}(R)=\bigoplus _{k=0}^{\infty }I^{k}/I^{k+1}} be the associated graded ring (geometers call it the ring of the normal cone of I). Then dim gr I ( R ) {\displaystyle
Krull_dimension
Algebraic structure used in analysis
topological space form a graded Lie algebra, using the Whitehead product. In a related construction, Daniel Quillen used differential graded Lie algebras over
Lie_algebra
Tool in mathematical dimension theory
ring of V. Polynomial rings and their quotients by homogeneous ideals are typical graded algebras. Conversely, if S is a graded algebra generated over
Hilbert series and Hilbert polynomial
Hilbert_series_and_Hilbert_polynomial
Algebraic construction
In mathematics, the ring of integers of an algebraic number field K {\displaystyle K} (also sometimes called the number ring corresponding to number field
Ring_of_integers
Construction in commutative algebra
Noetherian ring R, then the Rees algebra of I is the quotient of the symmetric algebra of I by its torsion submodule. The associated graded ring of I may
Rees_algebra
Module over a sheaf of differential operators
(using multiindex notation). The associated graded ring is seen to be isomorphic to the polynomial ring in 2n indeterminates. In particular it is commutative
D-module
{\displaystyle H_{*}\left(X\right)} ; this collection has the structure of a graded ring.) In any category, a functor must induce a corresponding morphism. The
Pushforward_(homology)
Component of the electrical power system
Arcing horns are not to be confused with corona rings (or the similar grading rings) which are ring-shaped assemblies surrounding connectors, or other
Arcing_horns
Invariant for finitely generated modules over a Noetherian ring
commutative and homological algebra, the grade of a finitely generated module M {\displaystyle M} over a Noetherian ring R {\displaystyle R} is a cohomological
Grade_(ring_theory)
Type of commutative ring in mathematics
there is a version of Miracle Flatness for graded rings. Let R be a finitely generated commutative graded algebra over a field K, R = K ⊕ R 1 ⊕ R 2 ⊕
Cohen–Macaulay_ring
Algebraic structure in mathematics
and graded quadratic algebras. Given a commutative ring R, and the ring of polynomials R[X], a free quadratic algebra may be defined as quotient ring by
Quadratic_algebra
Roads built with water-pervious materials
loads. The cellular grids are installed on a prepared base layer of open-graded stone (higher void spacing) or engineered stone (stronger). The surface
Permeable_paving
Algebraic ring that need not have additive negative elements
a semiring is an algebraic structure. Semirings are a generalization of rings, dropping the requirement that each element must have an additive inverse
Semiring
Branch of algebra that studies commutative rings
commutative algebra. Prominent examples of commutative rings include polynomial rings; rings of algebraic integers, including the ordinary integers Z
Commutative_algebra
In algebra, a filtered ring A is said to be almost commutative if the associated graded ring gr A = ⊕ A i / A i − 1 {\displaystyle \operatorname {gr}
Almost_commutative_ring
2002 film by Gore Verbinski
The Ring is a 2002 American supernatural horror film directed by Gore Verbinski, written by Ehren Kruger, and starring Naomi Watts, Martin Henderson, David
The_Ring_(2002_film)
Commutative ring with no zero divisors other than zero
In mathematics, an integral domain is a nonzero commutative ring in which the product of any two nonzero elements is nonzero. In an integral domain, every
Integral_domain
Tensor product of algebras over a field; itself another algebra
underlying rings are graded-commutative rings, the tensor product A ⊗ R B {\displaystyle A\otimes _{R}B} becomes a graded commutative ring by defining
Tensor_product_of_algebras
American mathematician (1944–2022)
on abstract algebra, A Condition for a Filtered Ring to be Isomorphic to its Associated Graded Ring, supervised by Murray Gerstenhaber. In order to avoid
Jane_Purcell_Coffee
Analogs of homology groups for algebraic varieties
smooth over a field k {\displaystyle k} , the Chow groups form a ring, not just a graded abelian group. Namely, when X {\displaystyle X} is smooth over
Chow_group
Ring that is also a vector space or a module
mathematics, an associative algebra A over a commutative ring (often a field) K is a ring A together with a ring homomorphism from K into the center of A. This
Associative_algebra
Algebraic structure decomposed into a direct sum
introduced in homological algebra, and it is widely used for graded algebras, which are graded vector spaces with additional structures. Let N {\displaystyle
Graded_vector_space
Algebraic structure
Equivalently, a noncommutative ring is a ring that is not a commutative ring. Noncommutative algebra is the part of ring theory devoted to study of properties
Noncommutative_ring
graded module over a graded ring related to the vanishing of various cohomology groups. residue field The quotient of a ring, especially a local ring
Glossary of commutative algebra
Glossary_of_commutative_algebra
Mathematical structure in abstract algebra
(x*)* = x for all x, y in A. This is also called an involutive ring, involutory ring, and ring with involution. The third axiom is implied by the second and
*-algebra
Concept in algebraic geometry
almost complex structure compatible with ω. Thus Λ is a graded ring, called the Novikov ring for ω. (Alternative definitions are common.) Let H ∗ ( X
Quantum_cohomology
Branch of functional analysis
of a single operator. In general, operator algebras are non-commutative rings. An operator algebra is typically required to be closed in a specified operator
Operator_algebra
Generalization of vector bundles
{N} } -graded ring, be a projective scheme over a Noetherian ring R 0 {\displaystyle R_{0}} . Then each Z {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} } -graded R {\displaystyle
Coherent_sheaf
Topological subject
{\displaystyle \pi _{*}^{S}} into a graded ring. A theorem of Goro Nishida states that all elements of positive grading in this ring are nilpotent. Thus the only
Stable_homotopy_theory
Elements taken to zero by a homomorphism
identity element 1 {\displaystyle 1} . A ring is commutative if the multiplication is commutative, and such a ring is a field when every 0 ≠ a ∈ R {\displaystyle
Kernel_(algebra)
Abstract algebra concept
to be confused with the quotient of a ring by an ideal, which is a quite different concept. For a commutative ring that is not an integral domain, the analogous
Field_of_fractions
Infinite sum that is considered independently from any notion of convergence
} called coefficients, are numbers or, more generally, elements of some ring, and the x n {\displaystyle x^{n}} are formal powers of the symbol x {\displaystyle
Formal_power_series
different) to apply free resolutions of R, considered as a graded module over the polynomial ring. This yields information about syzygies, namely relations
Homogeneous_coordinate_ring
Generalization of algebraic variety
{\displaystyle f(x,y)=x^{2}-y^{2}-y^{3}} ; this has coordinate ring given by the associated graded ring of R / ( f ) {\displaystyle R/(f)} at the ideal m 0 = (
Scheme_(mathematics)
Algebraic structure in homological algebra
a topological or geometric space. Explicitly, a differential graded algebra is a graded associative algebra with a chain complex structure that is compatible
Differential_graded_algebra
Mathematical element
valuation rings of K containing A. Let A be an N {\displaystyle \mathbb {N} } -graded subring of an N {\displaystyle \mathbb {N} } -graded ring B. Then
Integral_element
Algebra based on a vector space with a quadratic form
Elements that are pure in this Z2-grading are simply said to be even or odd. Remark. The Clifford algebra is not a Z-graded algebra, but is Z-filtered, where
Clifford_algebra
Mathematical term in group theory
every Artinian ring is Noetherian). The endomorphism ring of Z ( p ∞ ) {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} (p^{\infty })} is isomorphic to the ring of p-adic integers
Prüfer_group
By definition, the Proj of a graded ring R is the quotient category of the category of finitely generated graded modules over R by the subcategory
Noncommutative projective geometry
Noncommutative_projective_geometry
All Elite Wrestling pay-per-view and livestreaming event
matches as "match of the night", and graded the event a 9.5 out of 10. Also writing for 411Mania, Theo Sambus also graded Double or Nothing a 9.5 out of 10
Double_or_Nothing_(2026)
mathematics, a graded Lie algebra is a Lie algebra endowed with a gradation which is compatible with the Lie bracket. In other words, a graded Lie algebra
Graded_Lie_algebra
Concept in algebraic geometry
techniques work over fields of any characteristic. The canonical ring of V is the graded ring R = ⨁ d = 0 ∞ H 0 ( V , K V d ) . {\displaystyle R=\bigoplus
Canonical_bundle
Algebra over a field where binary multiplication is not necessarily associative
GF(2) (see previous section), and the sedenions. More classes of algebras: Graded algebras. These include most of the algebras of interest to multilinear
Non-associative_algebra
Concept in mathematics
cobordism is naturally isomorphic as a graded ring to Lazard's universal ring, explaining the unusual grading. A formal group is a group object in the
Formal_group_law
Mathematical function
forms that can be spanned by modular eta quotients. Using the graded ring structure on the ring of modular forms, we can compute bases of vector spaces of
Dedekind_eta_function
Branch of number theory
algebraic number fields and their rings of integers, finite fields, and function fields. These properties, such as whether a ring admits unique factorization
Algebraic_number_theory
Free object in the category of associative algebras
area of abstract algebra known as ring theory, a free algebra is the noncommutative analogue of a polynomial ring since its elements may be described
Free_algebra
Mathematical object in abstract algebra
{\displaystyle R/{\mathfrak {p}}^{k}} . In particular, for the standard graded ring R ∙ = k [ x 1 , … , x n ] ∙ {\displaystyle R_{\bullet }=k[x_{1},\ldots
Injective_module
Theorem relating to algebraic topology
degree − 2 {\displaystyle -2} ) over a graded ring R ∗ {\displaystyle R_{*}} is equivalent to giving a graded ring morphism L ∗ → R ∗ {\displaystyle L_{*}\to
Landweber exact functor theorem
Landweber_exact_functor_theorem
Typographical symbol of a small circle
gradus which, since the medieval period, could refer to any stage in a graded system of ranks or steps. The number of the rank in question was indicated
Degree_symbol
Overview of and topical guide to algebraic structures
Lie algebras. Graded algebra: a graded vector space with an algebra structure compatible with the grading. The idea is that if the grades of two elements
Outline of algebraic structures
Outline_of_algebraic_structures
Type of algebra over a commutative ring
In algebra, given a commutative ring R, the graded-symmetric algebra of a graded R-module M is the quotient of the tensor algebra of M by the ideal I generated
Graded-symmetric_algebra
Submodule of fractions in abstract algebra
denominators are allowed. In contexts where fractional ideals and ordinary ring ideals are both under discussion, the latter are sometimes termed integral
Fractional_ideal
GRADED RING
GRADED RING
Surname or Lastname
English (East Anglia)
English (East Anglia) : perhaps a habitational name from a house bearing the sign of a bunch of grapes. The vocabulary word is attested from the 13th century (at first in the compound wingrape), and comes from Old French grape, which is probably related to a Germanic element meaning ‘hook’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Old French grateor, gratour, gratier ‘one who grates’, hence possibly an occupational name for a furbisher.German (Gräter) : see Graeter.
Surname or Lastname
Northern Irish
Northern Irish : reduced form of McGlade.English : topographic name for someone who lived in a glade, Middle English glade.English : from an Old English personal name Glæd.German (also Gläde) : nickname for a handsome man, from Middle Low German glad(de) ‘smooth’, ‘shining’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a gardener, from Old Anglo-Norman French gardin ‘garden’. Compare Gardener.Americanized form of French Desjardins.
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, from an Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic Ó Bradain, BRADEN means "descendant of Bradán," hence "salmon."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for an engraver, from Old English grafere, græfere ‘engraver’, ‘sculptor’ (Old French graveur). It is possible that the name was also an occupational name for a miner, from Old English grafan ‘to dig’.German (also Gräver) : variant of Graber.
Girl/Female
American, Arabic, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Danish, English, French, German, Gujarati, Indian, Irish, Jamaican, Latin, Muslim, Portuguese, Swedish
Mercy; God's Favor; Grace; Grace of God; Kindness; Thanks; Love; Favour; Blessing; Charm; Good will
Girl/Female
German, Teutonic
Guarded
Girl/Female
Latin American English Irish
Grace.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Greeley.Possibly an Americanized form of German Greulich.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.Possibly an Americanized form of German Grauer.Alternatively, perhaps a respelling of French Gruyer, an occupational name from Old French gruier ‘forester’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Grave 1.French : topographic name from the plural of Old French grave ‘gravel’ (see Grave).
Boy/Male
Muslim
One who drives a boat
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Gladden.
Boy/Male
Gaelic
noble.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Grace.
Surname or Lastname
Swedish
Swedish : unexplained.German : unexplained.English : unexplained.
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Gray-haired; Son of the Gray Family; Son of Gregory
Boy/Male
Australian, Gaelic, Irish
Noble; Renowned
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Middle English, Old French grace ‘charm’, ‘pleasantness’ (Latin gratia).English : from the female personal name Grace, which was popular in the Middle Ages. This seems in the first instance to have been from a Germanic element grīs ‘gray’ (see Grice 1), but was soon associated by folk etymology with the Latin word meaning ‘charm’.
GRADED RING
GRADED RING
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, English
From Britain
Biblical
lovely, amiable
Girl/Female
Muslim
Of good and honorable character
Boy/Male
Tamil
Mahadeva | மஹாதேவா
Another name of Lord Shiva, Greatest God
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Affection; Compassion
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of numerous places called Ashfield, as for example in Nottinghamshire and Suffolk; these are named from Old English æsc ash + feld ‘open country’.
Biblical
the oath, or fullness, of God
Female
English
Feminine form of Latin Adolphus, ADOLPHA means "noble wolf."Â
Girl/Female
American, Australian, French
Combination of Lana and Elle
Boy/Male
Tamil
GRADED RING
GRADED RING
GRADED RING
GRADED RING
GRADED RING
a.
Endowed with grace; beautiful; full of graces; honorable.
p. p. & a.
Eaten away; gnawed; irregular, as if eaten or worn away.
a.
Divested of blades; as, bladed corn.
imp. & p. p.
of Grade
n.
The rate of ascent or descent; gradient; deviation from a level surface to an inclined plane; -- usually stated as so many feet per mile, or as one foot rise or fall in so many of horizontal distance; as, a heavy grade; a grade of twenty feet per mile, or of 1 in 264.
a.
Professional; practiced.
a.
Furnished with a grate or grating; as, grated windows.
n.
A step or degree in any series, rank, quality, order; relative position or standing; as, grades of military rank; crimes of every grade; grades of flour.
v. i.
To lay out or cultivate a garden; to labor in a garden; to practice horticulture.
a.
Having a blade or blades; as, a two-bladed knife.
n.
A drawing exhibiting a vertical section of the ground along a surveyed line, or graded work, as of a railway, showing elevations, depressions, grades, etc.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Grade
a.
Formed into ringlets or braided; braided; curled.
imp. & p. p.
of Trade
v. t.
To cultivate as a garden.
n.
A graded ascending, descending, or level portion of a road; a gradient.
a.
Braided
n.
One who grades, or that by means of which grading is done or facilitated.
n.
The result of crossing a native stock with some better breed. If the crossbreed have more than three fourths of the better blood, it is called high grade.
n.
The rate of regular or graded ascent or descent in a road; grade.