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In computer graphics, an Euler filter is a filter intended to prevent gimbal lock and related discontinuities in animation data sets in which rotation
Euler_filter
between triangle centers Euler operator – set of functions to create polygon meshes Euler filter Euler's rotation theorem Euler spiral – a curve whose curvature
List of topics named after Leonhard Euler
List_of_topics_named_after_Leonhard_Euler
Ways to represent 3D rotations
bivectors that can be used as the generators of rotations. 2D rotation Euler filter Orientation (geometry) Rotation around a fixed axis "Fiducial Marker
Rotation formulations in three dimensions
Rotation_formulations_in_three_dimensions
Numerical method for ordinary differential equations
numerical analysis and scientific computing, the backward Euler method (or implicit Euler method) is one of the most basic numerical methods for the
Backward_Euler_method
Electric circuit composed of resistors and capacitors
A resistor–capacitor circuit (RC circuit), or RC filter or RC network, is an electric circuit composed of resistors and capacitors. It may be driven by
RC_circuit
Diagram that shows all possible logical relations between a collection of sets
as by Christian Weise in 1712 (Nucleus Logicoe Wiesianoe) and Leonhard Euler in 1768 (Letters to a German Princess). The idea was popularised by Venn
Venn_diagram
Programming paradigm
EulerCalc← cos + 0j1 × sin ⍝ 0j1 is what's usually written as i EulerDirect← *0J1×⊢ ⍝ Same as ¯12○⊢ ⍝ Do the 2 methods produce the same result? EulerCheck←
Tacit_programming
Special mathematical function defined as sin(x)/x
x}}={\frac {1}{\Gamma (1+x)\Gamma (1-x)}}={\frac {1}{\Pi (x)\Pi (-x)}}.} Euler discovered that sin ( x ) x = ∏ n = 1 ∞ cos ( x 2 n ) , {\displaystyle
Sinc_function
Ancient algorithm for generating prime numbers
Wheel Factorized basic sieve of Eratosthenes for practical sieving ranges. Euler's proof of the zeta product formula contains a version of the sieve of Eratosthenes
Sieve_of_Eratosthenes
Straight line segment that passes through the centre of a circle
(e.g. "⌀ 55 mm"), indicating that it represents diameter. Photographic filter thread sizes are often denoted in this way. The symbol has a code point
Diameter
Signal processing filter
feedforward comb filter: H ( e j ω ) = 1 + α e − j ω K {\displaystyle H\left(e^{j\omega }\right)=1+\alpha e^{-j\omega K}} Using Euler's formula, the frequency
Comb_filter
distribution Wrapped Cauchy distribution Cauchy–Euler equation Cauchy's functional equation Cauchy filter Cauchy formula for repeated integration Cauchy–Frobenius
List of things named after Augustin-Louis Cauchy
List_of_things_named_after_Augustin-Louis_Cauchy
Optimization process
Alpha beta filter Data assimilation Ensemble Kalman filter Extended Kalman filter Invariant extended Kalman filter Fast Kalman filter Filtering problem (stochastic
Moving_horizon_estimation
Resistive and inductive circuit
A resistor–inductor circuit (RL circuit), or RL filter or RL network, is an electric circuit composed of resistors and inductors driven by a voltage or
RL_circuit
Noise removal process during image processing
as total variation regularization or total variation filtering, is a noise removal process (filter). It is based on the principle that signals with excessive
Total_variation_denoising
Analysis and solving of problems that involve fluid flows
be simplified by removing terms describing viscous actions to yield the Euler equations. Further simplification, by removing terms describing vorticity
Computational_fluid_dynamics
Mathematical function used in signal processing
(Lf)}{(1-L^{2}f^{2})}}={\frac {\sin(\pi Lf)}{2\pi Lf(1-L^{2}f^{2})}}} Derivation Using Euler's formula to expand the cosine term in w 0 ( x ) , {\displaystyle w_{0}(x)
Hann_function
Swiss mathematician and physicist (1700–1782)
the idea to explain Boyle's law. He worked with Euler on elasticity and the development of the Euler–Bernoulli beam equation. Bernoulli's principle is
Daniel_Bernoulli
Number divisible only by 1 and itself
the sum of two primes, in a 1742 letter to Euler. Euler proved Alhazen's conjecture (now the Euclid–Euler theorem) that all even perfect numbers can be
Prime_number
Differential calculus on function spaces
Functions that maximize or minimize functionals may be found using the Euler–Lagrange equation of the calculus of variations. A simple example of such
Calculus_of_variations
Thin opaque structure with an opening (aperture) at its center
covered as much as to leave a circumference in the middle. In 1762, Leonhard Euler says with respect to telescopes that, "it is necessary likewise to furnish
Diaphragm_(optics)
Electrical resonant circuit
bandpass filter. They are key components in many electronic devices, particularly radio equipment, used in circuits such as oscillators, filters, tuners
LC_circuit
Software application for use in satellite missions
system Spacecraft attitude modeling including attitude matrix, quaternions, Euler angles, RA/DEC, spin rates, and attitude history files Sensor and antenna
FreeFlyer
Wave shaped like the sine function
significantly higher than the filter's cutoff frequency. Crest (physics) Complex exponential Damped sine wave Euler's formula Fourier transform Harmonic
Sine_wave
Process of controlling orientation of an aerospace vehicle
however, the most common are Rotation matrices, Quaternions, and Euler angles. While Euler angles are oftentimes the most straightforward representation
Spacecraft attitude determination and control
Spacecraft_attitude_determination_and_control
American army officer and academic (1780–1829)
interior sun. But Euler may never have actually suggested any such thing; Euler scholar, C. Edward Sandifer, has examined Euler's writings and found
John_Cleves_Symmes_Jr.
Pendulum with center of mass above pivot
getting the Lagrangian L = T − V {\displaystyle L=T-V} , we can also use Euler–Lagrange equation to solve for equations of motion: ∂ L ∂ x − d d t ( ∂
Inverted_pendulum
Integer filtered out using a sieve similar to that of Eratosthenes
conjectured that there are infinitely many lucky primes. Lucky numbers of Euler Fortunate number Happy number Harshad number Josephus problem Gambling Lottery
Lucky_number
Integral transform useful in probability theory, physics, and engineering
(in French), vol. II (published 1839), pp. 77–88 1881 edition Euler 1744, Euler 1753, Euler 1769 Lagrange 1773 Grattan-Guinness 1997, p. 260 Grattan-Guinness
Laplace_transform
Soviet mathematician (1903–1987)
intelligent people." Vladimir Arnold once said: "Kolmogorov – Poincaré – Gauss – Euler – Newton, are only five lives separating us from the source of our science
Andrey_Kolmogorov
Accelerometer-based navigational device
using a method known as dead reckoning. This data is usually presented in Euler vectors representing the angles of rotation in the three primary axis or
Inertial_measurement_unit
"Smoothing" integral transform
real constant and i {\displaystyle i} is the imaginary unit, and applying Euler's identity, one sees that the Weierstrass transform of the function cos
Weierstrass_transform
many terms Euler–Bernoulli beam equation, a cornerstone of engineering Euler's critical load, the critical buckling load of an ideal strut Euler equations
List of Swiss inventions and discoveries
List_of_Swiss_inventions_and_discoveries
Special function defined by an integral
\operatorname {Arg} (x)\ {\Bigr |}<\pi \ ,} where γ ≈ 0.57721566490 ... is the Euler–Mascheroni constant. Some texts use ci instead of Ci. The restriction on
Trigonometric_integral
Classification of a two-dimensional repetitive pattern
the orbifold Euler characteristic is a quotient of the surface Euler characteristic by the order of the symmetry group. The orbifold Euler characteristic
Wallpaper_group
equation Hénon–Heiles system Equation of motion Euler's rotation equations in rigid body dynamics Euler–Lagrange equation Beltrami identity Hamilton's
List of named differential equations
List_of_named_differential_equations
Family of solutions to related differential equations
function. Leonhard Euler in 1736, found a link between other functions (now known as Laguerre polynomials) and Bernoulli's solution. Euler also introduced
Bessel_function
Motion of a certain space that preserves at least one point
rotation can be specified in a number of ways. The most usual methods are: Euler angles (pictured at the left). Any rotation about the origin can be represented
Rotation_(mathematics)
Signal processing conducted on analog signals
physical quantities. Examples of analog signal processing include crossover filters in loudspeakers, "bass", "treble" and "volume" controls on stereos, and
Analog_signal_processing
Fundamental principle of physics
superposition of its proper vibrations." The principle was rejected by Leonhard Euler and then by Joseph Lagrange. Bernoulli argued that any sonorous body could
Superposition_principle
Used to count, measure, and label
would later be named Euler's number (e). Irrational numbers began to be studied systematically in the 18th century, with Leonhard Euler who proved that the
Number
French polymath (1749–1827)
that of Saturn was expanding. The problem had been tackled by Leonhard Euler in 1748, and Joseph Louis Lagrange in 1763, but without success. In 1776
Pierre-Simon_Laplace
Measure of change in amplitude and phase of a wave
electronic engineering. That β does indeed represent phase can be seen from Euler's formula: e i θ = cos θ + i sin θ {\displaystyle e^{i\theta }=\cos
Propagation_constant
Probabilistic data structure in computer science
be considered an implementation of a counting Bloom filter (Fan et al., 1998) or multistage-filter. However, they are used differently and therefore sized
Count–min_sketch
Type of differential equation
fluid at subsonic speeds can be approximated with elliptic PDEs, and the Euler–Tricomi equation is elliptic where x < 0. By a change of variables, the
Partial_differential_equation
Branch of mathematics
Functions that maximize or minimize functionals may be found using the Euler–Lagrange equation of the calculus of variations. Modern calculus was developed
Calculus
Advanced method of process control
trajectories that emanate from the current state and find (via the solution of Euler–Lagrange equations) a cost-minimizing control strategy until time t + T
Model_predictive_control
continuous if and only if { f } {\displaystyle \{f\}} is equicontinuous. Euler The Euler–Maclaurin formula. exponential The exponential function is the function
Glossary of real and complex analysis
Glossary_of_real_and_complex_analysis
signal processing, step detection (also known as step smoothing, step filtering, shift detection, jump detection or edge detection) is the process of
Step_detection
Private network of connections between trusted peers
illegal goods or services Circumventing network censorship and content-filtering systems, or bypassing restrictive firewall policies All darknets require
Darknet
Stapledon. Euler's number: the discovery of the constant itself is credited to Jacob Bernoulli, but it is named after Leonhard Euler. Euler's formula: an
List of examples of Stigler's law
List_of_examples_of_Stigler's_law
Non-orientable surface with one edge
three utilities problem can be solved on a transparent Möbius strip. The Euler characteristic of the Möbius strip is zero, meaning that for any subdivision
Möbius_strip
Concept in complex analysis
{\displaystyle z=2\pi ni{\text{ for }}n\in \mathbb {Z} } . This can be seen from Euler's formula. The function f ( z ) = z {\displaystyle f(z)=z} has a single pole
Zeros_and_poles
Family of digital modulation methods
in AM stereo radio to carry the stereo difference information. Applying Euler's formula to the sinusoids in Eq.1, the positive-frequency portion of sc
Quadrature amplitude modulation
Quadrature_amplitude_modulation
{1}{5}}-\arctan {\frac {1}{239}}} or, alternatively, by using an identity of Leonhard Euler: π 4 = 5 arctan 1 7 + 2 arctan 3 79 {\displaystyle {\frac {\pi }{4}}=5\arctan
List of trigonometric identities
List_of_trigonometric_identities
Reduced pressure caused by a flow restriction in a tube or pipe
conservation of mechanical energy (Bernoulli's principle) or according to the Euler equations. Thus, any gain in kinetic energy a fluid may attain by its increased
Venturi_effect
{\displaystyle p_{0}} and velocity on x-axis u 0 {\displaystyle u_{0}} , the Euler equations for a two dimensional model is presented as: ∂ U ∂ t + ∂ F ∂ x
Computational_aeroacoustics
Type of thermometer sensing radiation
enough instrument that it was described in some detail by the mathematician Euler in 1760. Around 1782 potter Josiah Wedgwood invented a different type of
Pyrometer
Method of hydrodynamics simulation
The other important equation for a compressible inviscid fluid is the Euler equation for momentum balance: d v d t = − 1 ρ ∇ p + g {\displaystyle {\frac
Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics
Smoothed-particle_hydrodynamics
Difference polynomials Digamma function Egorychev method Erdős–Ko–Rado theorem Euler–Mascheroni constant Faà di Bruno's formula Factorial Factorial moment Factorial
List of factorial and binomial topics
List_of_factorial_and_binomial_topics
code Euclidean geometry Euler–Lagrange equation Euler's formula Euler's identity Exponential stability Extended Kalman filter External electric load Fairchild
Index of electrical engineering articles
Index_of_electrical_engineering_articles
Coal-fired power plant in South Africa
high flue gas amount which is required when the Bag House Filter is operated with PAN filter material. The same defect will occur to the Unit 4,5,6 (using
Kusile_Power_Station
Class of artificial neural networks
ISBN 978-1-891562-61-7. S2CID 211267791. King, Isaiah J.; Huang, H. Howie (2022). "Euler: Detecting Network Lateral Movement via Scalable Temporal Link Prediction"
Graph_neural_network
German chemist (1868–1934)
technical personnel. Haber also helped to develop gas masks with adsorbent filters which could protect against such weapons. A special troop was formed for
Fritz_Haber
Set whose elements all belong to another set
larger cardinality (or power) than the former set. Another example in an Euler diagram: A is a proper subset of B. C is a subset but not a proper subset
Subset
Beam anchored at only one end
frame Cantilever chair Cantilever method Cantilevered stairs Corbel arch Euler–Bernoulli beam theory Grand Canyon Skywalk Knudsen force in the context
Cantilever
Conversion of continuous functions into discrete counterparts
quantization error. Mathematical methods relating to discretization include the Euler–Maruyama method and the zero-order hold. Discretization is also concerned
Discretization
Software able to infer logical consequences
EYE, a reasoning engine performing forward- and backward-chaining along Euler paths, supporting the Semantic Web Stack and implementing Notation3. D3web
Semantic_reasoner
Probability distribution
{2}}}\right)+{\frac {\gamma }{2}}} where γ {\displaystyle \gamma } is the Euler–Mascheroni constant. Given a sample of N independent and identically distributed
Rayleigh_distribution
Near-field diffraction
zone Fresnel number Augustin-Jean Fresnel Ridged mirror Fresnel imager Euler spiral Born, Max; Wolf, Emil (1999). Principles of Optics (7th ed.). Cambridge:
Fresnel_diffraction
Decomposition of periodic functions
study of trigonometric series, after preliminary investigations by Leonhard Euler, Jean le Rond d'Alembert, and Daniel Bernoulli. Fourier introduced the series
Fourier_series
3D reconstruction technique
location ( x , y , z ) {\displaystyle (x,y,z)} and viewing direction in Euler angles ( θ , Φ ) {\displaystyle (\theta ,\Phi )} of the camera. By sampling
Neural_radiance_field
Small family car (1938–2003)
Mommsen & Grieger 1996, p. 330. Ingrassia 2012, p. 89. Reich 2018, p. 161. Euler 2010, p. 30. Allen, Jim (15 May 2012), "Escape Roads: 1943 Volkswagen Kübelwagen"
Volkswagen_Beetle
Primary machine for continuous thermoplastic melt-forming
perforated steel disc fitted with stainless-steel mesh at the screw tip that filters contaminants and converts rotational melt flow into axial flow before the
Single-screw_extruder
Element of a nonstandard model of the reals, which can be infinite or infinitesimal
and these were still regarded as useful by later mathematicians such as Euler and Cauchy. Nonetheless these concepts were from the beginning seen as suspect
Hyperreal_number
Aspects of fluid mechanics involving fluid flow
the Navier–Stokes equations to be simplified into the Euler equations. The integration of the Euler equations along a streamline in an inviscid flow yields
Fluid_dynamics
Telescope in La Palma, Canary Islands; focused on exoplanet research
be subtracted. The filter wheel is turning at a rate of 4 Hz, changing between the filters of the photometric system. The Swiss Euler 1.2m Telescope and
Mercator_Telescope
Image comprising exactly two colors, typically black and white
Orientation-free metrics of a group of connected or surrounded pixels include the Euler number, the perimeter, the area, the compactness, the area of holes, the
Binary_image
Force acting on charged particles in electric and magnetic fields
\mathbf {A} }{\mathrm {d} t}},} we can put the equation into the convenient Euler–Lagrange form F = q [ − ∇ x ( ϕ − x ˙ ⋅ A ) + d d t ∇ x ˙ ( ϕ − x ˙ ⋅ A
Lorentz_force
Mathematical transform that expresses a function of time as a function of frequency
how easily the rectangular form was deduced by an application of Euler's formula. Euler's formula introduces the possibility of negative ξ {\displaystyle
Fourier_transform
Inverse of a finite difference
0 {\displaystyle F(0)=0} . In the study of Faulhaber's formula and the Euler–Maclaurin formula, it is convenient to identify the indefinite sum of a
Indefinite_sum
Pair of polynomial sequences
_{n}(x),} where φ ( n ) {\displaystyle \varphi (n)} is the well known Euler's totient function. The polynomials Ψ n ( x ) {\displaystyle \Psi _{n}(x)}
Chebyshev_polynomials
Array of numbers
as a 2 × 2 {\displaystyle 2\times 2} vector, and the effects of optical filters on this polarization vector as a matrix. Electronic circuits that are composed
Matrix_(mathematics)
Low-pressure voids formed in liquids
fractions of the rock. As early as 1754, the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler (1707–1783) speculated about the possibility of cavitation. In 1859, the
Cavitation
Optimization algorithm
exploration of a solution space. Gradient descent can be viewed as applying Euler's method for solving ordinary differential equations x ′ ( t ) = − ∇ f (
Gradient_descent
Coincidence in mathematics
− γ {\displaystyle \pi \approx 1+e-\gamma } to 4 digits, where γ is the Euler–Mascheroni constant. π 4 + π 5 ≈ e 6 {\displaystyle \pi ^{4}+\pi ^{5}\approx
Mathematical_coincidence
Liquid that is attracted by poles of a magnet
Jaykumar, T; Kalyanasundaram, P; Raj, Baldev (2003). "A tunable optical filter". Measurement Science and Technology. 14 (8): 1289. Bibcode:2003MeScT..14
Ferrofluid
Chancellor of West Germany from 1949 to 1963
then in 1904 he invented a reaction steam engine which was supposed to filter out dust produced by cars. However, as his hobby of inventing grew ever
Konrad_Adenauer
Differential equations involving stochastic processes
Numerical methods for solving stochastic differential equations include the Euler–Maruyama method, Milstein method, Runge–Kutta method (SDE), Rosenbrock method
Stochastic differential equation
Stochastic_differential_equation
Matrices important in quantum mechanics and the study of spin
field. They also represent the interaction states of two polarization filters for horizontal/vertical polarization, 45 degree polarization (right/left)
Pauli_matrices
Mathematical space with a notion of closeness
passing through A. — Carl Friedrich Gauss, Gauss 1827 Around 1735, Leonhard Euler discovered the formula V − E + F = 2 {\displaystyle V-E+F=2} relating the
Topological_space
Public university in Darmstadt, Germany
Darmstadt owns the August Euler Airfield, Germany's oldest airfield, for scientific purposes. It is named after its founder August Euler, a pioneer aviator.
Technische Universität Darmstadt
Technische_Universität_Darmstadt
Method of analyzing transmission electron microscopy imagery
estimated. Several methods have been developed to work out the relative Euler angles of each image. Some are based on common lines (common 1D projections
Single_particle_analysis
Branch of mathematics
used by Gauss in 1805 for trigonometric interpolation of asteroid orbits. Euler and Lagrange both discretized the vibrating string problem, using what would
Fourier_analysis
Mathematical function with no sudden changes
( N ( x ) ) {\displaystyle f({\mathcal {N}}(x))} is a filter base for the neighborhood filter of f ( x ) {\displaystyle f(x)} in Y . {\displaystyle Y
Continuous_function
Computer graphics techniques for generating realistic animations of fluids
results, although they often still rely on approximate solutions to the Euler equations or Navier–Stokes equations that govern real fluid physics. Fluid
Fluid_animation
Representation of a three-dimensional rotation
semitangent of version, whose coordinates are called Rodrigues parameters or Euler–Rodrigues parameters. Wiener 1962. Milenkovic 1982. Shuster 1993. Milenkovic
Conformal_rotation_vector
1734—Leonhard Euler introduces the integrating factor technique for solving first-order ordinary differential equations. 1735—Leonhard Euler solves the Basel
Timeline_of_mathematics
Branch of modern economics
time periods. This trade-off is sometimes represented in what is called an Euler equation. A time-series path in the recursive model is the result of a series
Recursive_economics
Number of orderings allowing ties
each positive integer k {\displaystyle k} , with a period that divides Euler's totient function of k {\displaystyle k} , the number of residues mod k
Ordered_Bell_number
EULER FILTER
EULER FILTER
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, British, Christian, English, German
Wealthy Ruler; Rich Ruler
Boy/Male
American, Chinese, Christian, Danish, French, German, Norse, Scandinavian, Swedish
Ruler; Ruler of the People; Peaceful Ruler; All-ruler; Forever; Alone; Ever Ruler
Boy/Male
French, German
Wise Ruler; Old Ruler; Long Term Ruler
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Royal Ruler; King's Ruler
Boy/Male
German
Powerful Ruler; Army Ruler
Boy/Male
Indian
Ruler
Boy/Male
Danish, German, Swedish
Island Ruler; Ever Ruler
Boy/Male
Indian
Ruler
Boy/Male
Christian, German, Teutonic
Hard Working Ruler; Industrious Ruler; Home Ruler
Boy/Male
Christian, German, Norse, Polish, Scandinavian, Swedish
Peaceful Ruler; Forever; Alone; Ruler; All-ruler
Boy/Male
Australian, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Latin, Swiss
Powerful Ruler; Dominant Ruler
Boy/Male
German, Teutonic
Hardworking Ruler; Home Ruler
Boy/Male
British, English
Wheel Ruler; Circle Ruler
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Danish, German
Powerful Ruler; Dominant Ruler
Boy/Male
Indian
Ruler
Boy/Male
German, Swedish
Ever Ruler; Island Ruler
Boy/Male
Muslim
Ruler
Boy/Male
French, German, Irish
Dominant Ruler; Powerful Ruler
Boy/Male
Muslim
Ruler
Boy/Male
American, Czech, Danish, French, German, Scandinavian, Swedish
Honourable Ruler; Peaceful Ruler; All Ruler; Ever Ruler
EULER FILTER
EULER FILTER
Girl/Female
American, British, English
Divine Counselor; With God Like Adviser
Boy/Male
Arabic, Australian, German, Muslim
Peace; Peaceful; Peach
Boy/Male
Muslim
Abdul Qahaar | عبدول Ù‚Ûآر
Servant of the subduer, The almighty
Boy/Male
Indian
Name of Lord Shiva
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Aromatic; Sweet Basil
Boy/Male
Australian, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Hebrew, Slovenia, Swedish
God's Gracious Gift; The Lord is Gracious
Girl/Female
German American
Temptress'; A rocky cliff on the Rhine river dangerous to boat passage; the Lorelei whose singing...
Girl/Female
Tamil
Subrina | ஸà¯à®ªà¯à®°à¯€à®¨à®¾
Girl/Female
British, English, Greek
Bright Fame; Strange
Boy/Male
Muslim
Slave of the originator, Servant of the incomparable
EULER FILTER
EULER FILTER
EULER FILTER
EULER FILTER
EULER FILTER
n.
One who rules; one who exercises sway or authority; a governor.
n.
A petty king; a ruler of little power or consequence.
a.
One who rules or reigns; a governor; a ruler.
n.
A ruler; a governor; a prince.
n.
A long, flexble piece of wood sometimes used as a ruler.
a.
Pertaining to Euler, a German mathematician of the 18th century.
n.
One who pules; one who whines or complains; a weak person.
n.
A chief or ruler of a deme or district in Greece.
a.
A suffix meaning a ruler, as in monarch (a sole ruler).
a.
The office of ruler; rule; authority; government.
n.
A straight or curved strip of wood, metal, etc., with a smooth edge, used for guiding a pen or pencil in drawing lines. Cf. Rule, n., 7 (a).
n.
A ruler or ruling power.
n.
The mother and ruler of a family or of her descendants; a ruler by maternal right.
n.
A joint regent or ruler.
n.
A Mohammedan title for a ruler; a judge.
n.
A sole or supreme ruler; a sovereign; the highest ruler; an emperor, king, queen, prince, or chief.
n.
A chief ruler; a potentate. [Obs.] Wyclif.
n.
A ruler of one division of a heptarchy.
n.
A ruler, or sovereign, of a Mohammedan state; specifically, the ruler of the Turks; the Padishah, or Grand Seignior; -- officially so called.
n.
A ruler or governor.