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Search references for CONTRACT CHEATING. Phrases containing CONTRACT CHEATING
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Search references for CONTRACT CHEATING. Phrases containing CONTRACT CHEATING
See searches and references containing CONTRACT CHEATING!CONTRACT CHEATING
Type of academic fraud
outsourcing computer contract work were actually bid requests from students seeking contract cheating services. Contract cheaters posted an average of
Contract_cheating
Action to subvert rules
come with a social contract, are violated. Someone who is known for cheating is referred to as a cheat in British English, and a cheater in American English
Cheating
Any type of cheating that occurs in relation to a formal academic exercise
tests. Scholars note that cheating was prevalent on the Chinese civil service exams thousands of years ago, even when cheating carried the penalty of death
Academic_dishonesty
Presenting another author's work as own original work
research has been conducted. Another form of plagiarism known as "contract cheating" involves students paying someone else, such as an essay mill, to
Plagiarism
Australia: Paying the price for cheating. WONKHE. https://wonkhe.com/blogs/letter-from-australia-paying-the-price-for-cheating/ Bretag, T. (2015, April 20)
Tracey_Bretag
American company
Chegg was cited as an example of a cheating service in the United Kingdom's proposed Higher Education Cheating Services Prohibition Bill, and in October
Chegg
Moral code or ethical policy of academia
educational values through behaviours such as the avoidance of cheating, plagiarism, and contract cheating, as well as the maintenance of academic standards; honesty
Academic_integrity
American electronic text archive
of Chegg. Students have been identified as using this to engage in contract cheating. Some universities therefore explicitly forbid students from using
Bartleby.com
Deliberate violation of baseball rules
have cheated by deliberately violating or circumventing the game's rules to gain an unfair advantage against an opponent. Examples of cheating include
Cheating_in_baseball
UK legal case on dishonesty and gambling
contract contained an implied term forbidding cheating. Ivey argued that the appropriate test for whether cheating occurred was the same for contract
Ivey_v_Genting_Casinos
Indian law related to cheating
Therefore, it was the intention of cheating which was the gist of the offence. To hold a person guilty of cheating, it was necessary to show that they
Section 420 of the Indian Penal Code
Section_420_of_the_Indian_Penal_Code
Organisation that produces and sells fraudulent research manuscripts
research is often junk science: it can include data fabrication, contract cheating, academic ghostwriting and medical ghostwriting. Research paper mills
Research_paper_mill
Cheating, adultery, or having an affair
Infidelity (synonyms include cheating, having an affair, adultery, being unfaithful, non-consensual non-monogamy, straying or two-timing) is a violation
Infidelity
2024 film
Contract Cheating Industry". Variety. Retrieved 2025-09-15. "BBC News - Talking Movies, The Shadow Scholars: Doc Explores Industry of Exam Cheating"
The_Shadow_Scholars
Schooling of those born from 1997 to 2012
Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States, ranging from contract cheating (buying an essay, hiring someone to complete an assignment, or to
Education_of_Generation_Z
Standardised contract to buy or sell an asset at a future date
In finance, a futures contract (sometimes called futures) is a standardized legal contract to buy or sell something at a predetermined price for delivery
Futures_contract
Card game
Contract bridge, or simply bridge, is a trick-taking card game using a standard 52-card deck. In its basic format, it is played by four players in two
Contract_bridge
Criminal offense in common law
At law, cheating is a specific criminal offence relating to property. Historically, to cheat was to commit a misdemeanour at common law (called "summary
Cheating_(law)
Writing business used for academic fraud
Ordination mill Plagiarism Contract cheating Research paper mill Predatory publishing Content farm Bartlett, Thomas (March 2009). "Cheating Goes Global as Essay
Essay_mill
Deliberate violation of bridge rules
or team. Cheating can occur in many forms and can take place before, during, or after a board or game. Commonly cited instances of cheating include: conveying
Cheating_in_bridge
2015 contract bridge cheating scandal
American Contract Bridge League (ACBL). On March 19, 2016, the FIGB banned the pair for three years. The FIGB hearing also investigated cheating by Fantoni
Fantoni and Nunes cheating scandal
Fantoni_and_Nunes_cheating_scandal
Carmichael, Jamie J. (2023). "Fake Degrees and Credential Fraud, Contract Cheating, and Paper Mills: Overview and Historical Perspectives". Fake Degrees
Credential_evaluation
rise in contract cheating, academic file-sharing, and exam cheating were identified as particularly problematic. With remote learning, cheating has become
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education
Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education
Scottish entrepreneur, businessman and former chairman of Rangers Football Club
administration". The Guardian. "Rangers: Sir David Murray denies contract 'cheating'". BBC Sport. BBC. 6 August 2012. "Anonymised form of the decision"
David Murray (Scottish businessman)
David_Murray_(Scottish_businessman)
distribution in the Cleveland and Akron areas, and have been involved in contract killings and drug trafficking with the Cleveland crime family. Headquartered
Hells Angels MC criminal allegations and incidents in Ohio
Hells_Angels_MC_criminal_allegations_and_incidents_in_Ohio
Scandal in international professional contract bridge
concluded that Fisher and Schwartz were cheating and later that month created a web site and publicly accused them of cheating. In September 2015, Per-Ola Cullin
Fisher and Schwartz cheating scandal
Fisher_and_Schwartz_cheating_scandal
family, and the author's friends. Accreditation mill Atlanta Nights Contract cheating Essay mill Ordination mill Research paper mill Nova Publishers Self-publishing
Author_mill
the Thailand AOV cheating issue?". One Sports. Retrieved 19 December 2025. "Thai esports athlete expelled from SEA Games for cheating during Arena of Valor
Esports_at_the_2025_SEA_Games
Indian actor and chef
alleging cheating and assault. The Madhampatty Thangavelu Hospitality firm alleged that Joy Crizildaa’s social-media hashtags caused ₹12 crore in contract losses
Madhampatty_Rangaraj
starts using the choreography from Jude's video, which LaTroy confesses is "cheating". Sloane wins the round, but the Geminis recognize her choreography from
List of The Next Step episodes
List_of_The_Next_Step_episodes
2025 extraction shooter video game
achievement and every loss into a lesson. The game has faced issues with rampant cheating and real money trading – the practice whereby players sell in-game currency
Escape_from_Tarkov
American radio and television personality (born 1954)
him one of the highest-paid figures in radio; he renewed his SiriusXM contract for three more years in December 2025 Calling himself the "King of All
Howard_Stern
2014 multiplayer first-person shooter video game
planning a companion smartphone app. Following release, Respawn tracked user cheating habits with FairFight software and began to dole out community bans for
Titanfall_(video_game)
Freelance writer
Guide to Cheating in Higher Education—through Academic Influence Press. The Complete Guide is a comprehensive resource on college cheating aimed at educators
Ed_Dante
American reality television personality
and Madix very publicly separated after she discovered that he had been cheating on her with her friend and Vanderpump Rules co-star Rachel "Raquel" Leviss
Tom_Sandoval
Advantage gambling technique
sorting was "cheating for the purpose of civil law." It was accepted that Ivey and others genuinely considered that edge sorting was not cheating and deemed
Edge_sorting
Bridge scoring terms in the card game contract bridge
Optimum contract and par contract are two closely related (and sometimes confused) bridge scoring terms in the card game contract bridge. The optimum
Optimum contract and par contract
Optimum_contract_and_par_contract
These terms are used in contract bridge, using duplicate or rubber scoring. Some of them are also used in whist, bid whist, the obsolete game auction bridge
Glossary of contract bridge terms
Glossary_of_contract_bridge_terms
Use of false documentation
world cup U17 can win the trophee [sic], because at that level we like cheating on our age." In July 2013, sixteen-year-old United States-born Abuchi Obinwa
Age fraud in association football
Age_fraud_in_association_football
American academic scandal
The 2012 Harvard cheating scandal involved approximately 125 Harvard University students who were investigated for cheating on the take-home final examination
2012_Harvard_cheating_scandal
some contracts. David says that he thinks Miss Edwards has them. Miss Edwards comes back from getting a sandwich and tells Kelley the contracts are in
List of The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet episodes
List_of_The_Adventures_of_Ozzie_and_Harriet_episodes
the computer was cheating. Developers say that most game AIs are honest but they dislike players erroneously complaining about "cheating" AI. In addition
Artificial intelligence in video games
Artificial_intelligence_in_video_games
Presenting another author's work as own original work
issues surrounding music sampling Swipe (comics) Academic dishonesty Contract cheating Duplicate publication Essay mill Scientific misconduct Scientific
Outline_of_plagiarism
Economic analysis of contracts
From an economic perspective, contract theory studies how economic actors can and do construct contractual arrangements, generally in the presence of information
Contract_theory
American YouTuber and live streamer (born 1991)
Sevilla, Jeremiah (April 16, 2026). "Sykkuno drama explained: Timeline, cheating allegations, updates". Dot Esports. Retrieved April 16, 2026. Winslow,
Sykkuno
Russian chess grandmaster (born 1975)
back at cheating allegations". Dot Esports. Retrieved 22 November 2023. "'Chess.com shuts down Vladimir Kramnik's blog after GM's repeated cheating accusations
Vladimir_Kramnik
Expert in Internet routing disruptions
From Cheating". The Atlantic. Retrieved 25 October 2021. Toor, Amar (17 May 2016). "Iraq shuts down internet to prevent students from cheating on exams"
Doug_Madory
Willing Exile. A Novel] Two-volume of an unusual novel about marriage and cheating with interesting cast of secondary queer characters with a completely unexpected
List of gay novels prior to the Stonewall riots
List_of_gay_novels_prior_to_the_Stonewall_riots
Economic theory
because their corporate structures do not provide incentives to cheat. The known cause of contract failure is called information asymmetry; when one party (the
Contract_failure
woman, Debbie, throwing golf clubs from a second floor flat balcony, whose cheating husband ran off with their kids. Debbie comes to the door with a petrol
List of London's Burning episodes
List_of_London's_Burning_episodes
Law enforcement agency in California, United States
the 88 independent cities within Los Angeles County. The LASD also has contracts to provide police services for the Los Angeles Metropolitan Transportation
Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department
Los_Angeles_County_Sheriff's_Department
Japanese light novel series and its adaptations
I Got a Cheat Skill in Another World and Became Unrivaled in the Real World, Too, shortened to Iseleve (いせれべ, Iserebe), is a Japanese light novel series
I Got a Cheat Skill in Another World and Became Unrivaled in the Real World, Too
I_Got_a_Cheat_Skill_in_Another_World_and_Became_Unrivaled_in_the_Real_World,_Too
he's underachieved in judo compared to the 2 women) to mean that he's cheating on Fujiko. In fact, Hanazono is unable to meet with Fuchiko because he
List_of_Yawara!_episodes
Termite is hospitalized instead of arrested because of Vought and Termite's contract with Terminix. Following this, Termite attends Herogasm, during which he
List_of_The_Boys_characters
American right-wing populist political ideology
part of a motivating narrative she calls their "deep story", a social contract narrative that appears to be widely shared in other countries as well.
Trumpism
Japanese light novel series
Chillin' in Another World with Level 2 Super Cheat Powers (Japanese: Lv2からチートだった元勇者候補のまったり異世界ライフ, Hepburn: Lv2 kara Chīto datta Moto Yūsha Kōho no Mattari
Chillin' in Another World with Level 2 Super Cheat Powers
Chillin'_in_Another_World_with_Level_2_Super_Cheat_Powers
Japanese television series
To exclude X, Kanzaki invites 6 men to join their team, and they sign a contract. One man, Yuu Tsukahara, suggests the team members talk freely to other
Liar_Game_(2007_TV_series)
Multi-sport event in Bangkok and Chonburi, Thailand
the Thailand AOV cheating issue?". One Sports. Retrieved 19 December 2025. "Thai esports athlete expelled from SEA Games for cheating during Arena of Valor
2025_SEA_Games
American reality court show (1996–2021)
set. Prior to the proceedings, all involved parties signed arbitration contracts agreeing to Sheindlin's ruling. The show aired in first-run syndication
Judge_Judy
Penal code of the Republic of India
BNS retains the provisions of the IPC on theft, robbery, burglary and cheating. It adds new offences such as cybercrime and financial fraud. Offences
Bharatiya_Nyaya_Sanhita,_2023
Businessman and public official (born 1971)
"Elon Musk admits cheating at video games, chat transcript appears to show". The Guardian. "Gamers Disgusted as Elon Musk Admits to Cheating at Video Games
Elon_Musk
Assigning relative values to playing cards of equal rank based on their suit
case Bridge scoring Bridge whist Bridgette Cheating in bridge Chicago Computer bridge Contract bridge Contract bridge diagram Duplicate bridge Duplicate
High_card_by_suit
Katrin Sass, Karoline Eichhorn, Burghart Klaußner Thriller Single by Contract Marc Rothemund Anna Fischer, Kostja Ullmann Comedy, Music a.k.a. Groupies
List of German films of the 2010s
List_of_German_films_of_the_2010s
leaves a kiss mark on Hiroshi's shirt which causes Misae to suspect he's cheating on her and kicks him out of the house. Later when Misae realizes the kiss
List of Crayon Shin-chan episodes (1992–2001)
List_of_Crayon_Shin-chan_episodes_(1992–2001)
Italian businessman (born 1950)
Drivers' Championship victories. However, he was dogged by allegations of cheating, including the 1994 "Launch Control" controversy and the 2007 "Spygate"
Flavio_Briatore
During the match, Davide attempts to psych out Gao to win the match by cheating, but is unaware of Gao's new trump card. 42 "Disaster at Twilight! / The
List of Future Card Buddyfight episodes
List_of_Future_Card_Buddyfight_episodes
1995 financial scandal in India
A financial scandal related to a hydroelectric infrastructure contract between the Government of Kerala and the Canadian company SNC-Lavalin in 1995 resulted
SNC-Lavalin Kerala hydroelectric scandal
SNC-Lavalin_Kerala_hydroelectric_scandal
Irish television personality (born 1990)
August 2023. "Love Island's Maura Higgins dismisses Curtis Pritchard 'cheating' claims". Digital Spy. 14 January 2020. Archived from the original on 19
Maura_Higgins
1996 Japanese film
Yumi Morishita, also starts cheating. During the exam, Professor Yuusuke Migita, through binoculars, spots Kamei cheating. When he comes to the hall,
That's Cunning! Shijō Saidai no Sakusen?
That's_Cunning!_Shijō_Saidai_no_Sakusen?
Molly cannot pay off the loan, which would force Molly to offer Daisy's contract to Boss Hogg. Also, the Dukes learn that Molly was expelled from NASCAR
List of The Dukes of Hazzard episodes
List_of_The_Dukes_of_Hazzard_episodes
Chairperson of Nayati Healthcare
of Delhi Police summoned Niira in connection with a 3 billion case of cheating Yes Bank for a ₹3 billion loan. Shantanu Guha Ray (4 December 2010). "Her
Niira_Radia
American streamer and YouTuber (born 1987)
within the chess community and on social media that he might have been cheating. Lupo initially commented on the situation during his broadcast and later
DrLupo
Scandal involving student athletes at Florida State University
in the cheating scandal, either by cheating in an online test or by receiving improper aid. The investigation revealed that much of the cheating occurred
Florida State University academic-athletic scandal
Florida_State_University_academic-athletic_scandal
Acronym invented to fit an existing word
and respiration. Another example is the American Contract Bridge League's tools to address cheating in online bridge games. EDGAR was originally named
Backronym
French basketball player (born 2004)
opted to leave Nanterre. On 29 June 2021, Wembanyama signed a three-year contract with ASVEL of the Pro A and the EuroLeague. He was unable to play for one
Victor_Wembanyama
equivalent to the torsion-freeness of the Levi-Civita connection. The contracting relations on the Christoffel symbols are given by Γ i k i = 1 2 g i m
List of formulas in Riemannian geometry
List_of_formulas_in_Riemannian_geometry
Thai businessman (born 1979)
August 2002, his studies attracted media attention when he was accused of cheating in an exam. A three-week university investigation concluded that Panthongtae
Panthongtae_Shinawatra
American television series
friend "disappears" Kyle Dondlinger as Hoyt Boone, Oreana's disrespectful cheating ex-boyfriend who is also a competitive steer wrestler In August 2024, a
Dutton_Ranch
American entrepreneur and venture capitalist (born 1967)
January 2017). "Peter Thiel caught up in $7B lawsuit over Mexican wireless contract". Klein, Charlotte (21 October 2020). "Trump Reportedly Pushing Through
Peter_Thiel
American basketball player (born 1984)
Miami used James in an ultra-aggressive defensive scheme, with James cheating off the ball to help out inside or to get into rebounding position. Beginning
LeBron_James
Former motor racing team
1996 season, but remained based in the United Kingdom. Despite being contracted to race for Benetton, Schumacher left early to join Ferrari, citing the
Benetton_Formula
American government official and television personality (born 1980)
announced he would not serve as secretary. Hegseth subsequently ended his contract with Fox News. The selection of Hegseth was seen as a sign that Trump sought
Pete_Hegseth
American actress (born 1970)
2022. * "The Problem With How We're Talking About The Nia Long/ Ime Udoka Cheating Scandal". Refinery29. Retrieved September 27, 2022. Cummings, Renée (March
Nia_Long
Financial products and services that conform to Sharia (Islamic law)
Islamic finance products, services and contracts are financial products and services and related contracts that conform with Sharia (Islamic law). Islamic
Islamic finance products, services and contracts
Islamic_finance_products,_services_and_contracts
First South African woman to be hanged for murder under the Union of South Africa
contract she had signed that would allow him to buy the land at less than half of its value at that time. Kraft was angry that she had been cheated and
Dorethea_van_der_Merwe
the house. Sally asks what happened. Jerry says that Lou accused Rob of cheating with a set of marked cards. Rob explains what happened. Flashback to before
List of The Dick Van Dyke Show episodes
List_of_The_Dick_Van_Dyke_Show_episodes
English musician and songwriter (born 1942)
for the guitar part in the following way: "I got my own little sort of cheating way of [fingerpicking] [...] I'm actually sort of pulling two strings at
Paul_McCartney
British boxer (born 1997)
King later won a purse bid for a Bryan-Charr fight. Whilst waiting for a contract from King, Charr threatened to sue and boycott the WBA. In January 2022
Daniel_Dubois
AI that generates content
(February 25, 2025). "AI-detection software isn't the solution to classroom cheating — assessment has to shift". The Conversation. Retrieved July 29, 2025.
Generative_AI
American subsidiary of automaker Stellantis
Stock Exchange lost value after the EPA accused FCA US of using emissions cheating software to evade diesel-emissions tests, however the company countered
Chrysler
Nigerian-American basketball player and coach (born 1977)
Preezy (December 7, 2022). "Nia Long And Ime Udoka Break Up After Celtics Cheating Scandal". VIBE.com. Retrieved April 24, 2023. Wikimedia Commons has media
Ime_Udoka
1931 film directed by Frank R. Strayer
media related to Caught Cheating. Caught Cheating at IMDb Caught Cheating at the TCM Movie Database (archived) Caught Cheating at the AFI Catalog of Feature
Caught_Cheating
Israeli bridge player
League imposed bans on both players for cheating; this was followed by additional sanctions by the American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) and the Israeli
Ron_Schwartz
Season of television series
Before Her Season". TV Insider. Galante, Grace (January 7, 2026). "Second 'Survivor 49' Castaway Accuses Co-Stars of Cheating". Parade. Official website
Survivor_49
Thai-American conjoined twins (1811–1874)
the brothers left the control of their managers, who they thought were cheating them, and toured on their own. In early exhibitions, the brothers were
Chang_and_Eng_Bunker
English footballer (born 1986)
for divorce in 2014, after O'Hara had admitted to cheating on her on a night out. Out of contract after leaving Gillingham, he participated in series
Jamie_O'Hara_(footballer)
American singer and songwriter (born 1966)
Jackson was fifteen, her father and manager Joseph Jackson arranged a contract for her with A&M Records. Her debut album, Janet Jackson, was released
Janet_Jackson
Canadian basketball player (born 1991)
"Khloe Kardashian Shares Daughter's Name Days After Giving Birth Amid Cheating Scandal". People. Retrieved February 20, 2019. "Khloe Kardashian Names
Tristan_Thompson
American television series (2005–present)
their contract. On January 17, 2018, it was announced by ABC that Ellen Pompeo's contract had been renewed through Season 16. Not only did the contract renewal
Grey's_Anatomy
the main villain in gangster films who is involved in racketeering and contract killings. Is usually Italian, Jewish or Irish. Will demand protection money
List_of_stock_characters
CONTRACT CHEATING
CONTRACT CHEATING
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Having narrow contracted or squinting eyes
Girl/Female
Arabic
Sensible Contact
Biblical
contrary; adversary; enemy; accuser
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Consuming that which Comes in Contact
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Having Narrow; Contracted or Squinting Eye
Male
Italian
Contracted form of Italian Durante, DANTE means "steadfast."
Boy/Male
Muslim
Having narrow, Contracted, Squinting eyes (1)
Female
English
Contracted form of English Jackalyn, JACKLYN means "supplanter."
Male
Spanish
Contracted form of Spanish Velasco, VASCO means "crow."
Boy/Male
Australian, British, English, French, Russian
Eye Contact; Clean Sight
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Agreement; Covenant; Contract; Pact
Girl/Female
Arabic, Australian, Muslim
Having Eyes with a Marked Contrast of Black and White
Female
English
Contracted form of English Catriona, CATRINA means "pure."
Boy/Male
Indian
Having narrow, Contracted, Squinting eyes
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Having Narrow or Contracted Eye
Male
Italian
Contracted form of Italian Vincenzo, VICENZO means "conquering."
Female
Portuguese
Contracted form Portuguese Catarina, CATINA means "pure."
Girl/Female
Muslim
Having eyes with a marked contrast of black and white
Boy/Male
Biblical
Contrary, adversary, enemy, accuser'.
Female
English
Contracted form of English Deborah, DEBRA means "bee."
CONTRACT CHEATING
CONTRACT CHEATING
Girl/Female
Indian
Labors.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Smiling Face
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Auspicious; Bliss
Boy/Male
Biblical American Hebrew
Strong, the gift of the island'.
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi
Goddess Parvati; Snow; Singer
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Wealthy Ruler
Girl/Female
Australian, Greek
Muse of Dance and Lyric Poetry; Enjoying the Dance
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil
Beautiful
Surname or Lastname
English and Dutch
English and Dutch : from a short form of the personal name Thomas.Polish : from a short form of the personal name Tomasz (see Thomas).Chinese : see Tan.
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Advocacy Agency
CONTRACT CHEATING
CONTRACT CHEATING
CONTRACT CHEATING
CONTRACT CHEATING
CONTRACT CHEATING
v. t.
To act in opposition to; to hinder, defeat, or frustrate, by contrary agency or influence; as, to counteract the effect of medicines; to counteract good advice.
a.
Drawn together; shrunken; wrinkled; narrow; as, a contracted brow; a contracted noun.
v. i.
To be drawn together so as to be diminished in size or extent; to shrink; to be reduced in compass or in duration; as, iron contracts in cooling; a rope contracts when wet.
n.
the voice or singer performing this part; as, her voice is a contralto; she is a contralto.
v. i.
To make an agreement; to covenant; to agree; to bargain; as, to contract for carrying the mail.
imp. & p. p.
of Contract
n.
To bring on; to incur; to acquire; as, to contract a habit; to contract a debt; to contract a disease.
v. t.
To bind up; to confine; to constrict; to contract.
a.
Given to opposition; perverse; forward; wayward; as, a contrary disposition; a contrary child.
v. t.
To be contrary to; to oppose; to resist.
a.
Contracted; affianced; betrothed.
n.
To draw together or nearer; to reduce to a less compass; to shorten, narrow, or lessen; as, to contract one's sphere of action.
a.
Narrow; illiberal; selfish; as, a contracted mind; contracted views.
a.
Contracted; as, a contract verb.
a.
Bargained for; betrothed; as, a contracted peace.
v. t.
To draw together; to render narrower or smaller; to bind; to cramp; to contract or cause to shrink.
n.
A thing that is of contrary or opposite qualities.
a.
Of or pertaining to a contralto, or to the part in music called contralto; as, a contralto voice.
v. t.
To dawn together; to contract; to force to contract itself; to constrict; to cause to shrink.
a.
Contracted after a former contract.