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Chemical compound and essential nutrient
Choline is a cation with the chemical formula [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+. Choline forms various salts, such as choline chloride and choline bitartrate. An essential
Choline
Chemical compound
the choline salt of the natural form of tartaric acid, that is, the salt called choline dextrobitartrate, choline (2R,3R)-bitartrate or choline L-(+)-bitartrate
Choline_bitartrate
Chemical compound
diphosphate-choline (CDP-choline) or cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine is an intermediate in the generation of phosphatidylcholine from choline, a common biochemical
Citicoline
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process
The CDP-choline pathway, first identified by Eugene P. Kennedy in 1956, is the predominant mechanism by which mammalian cells synthesize phosphatidylcholine
CDP-choline_pathway
Chemical compound
Choline chloride is an organic compound with the formula [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+Cl−. It is a quaternary ammonium salt, consisting of choline cations ([(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+)
Choline_chloride
Organic chemical and neurotransmitter
derived from its chemical structure: it is an ester of acetic acid and choline. Parts in the body that use or are affected by acetylcholine are referred
Acetylcholine
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Choline acetyltransferase (commonly abbreviated as ChAT, but sometimes CAT) is a transferase enzyme responsible for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter
Choline_acetyltransferase
Chemical compound
L-α-Glycerophosphorylcholine (alpha-GPC, choline alfoscerate, sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) is a natural choline compound found in the brain. It is also
Glycerophosphorylcholine
Generic term for amphiphilic substances of plant and animal origin
convert phosphatidylcholine into choline. Phosphatidylcholine is approximately 13.7% choline; as such, about 342 mg of choline is present per 10 grams of lecithin
Lecithin
Class of phospholipids
Phosphatidylcholines (PC) are a class of (glycero)phospholipids that incorporate choline within the headgroup. They are a major component of biological membranes
Phosphatidylcholine
Organic chemical compound
Choline hydroxide is an organic compound with the chemical formula [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+OH−. It is also known as choline base. It is used as solutions in
Choline_hydroxide
Group of vitamins
conditions. Vitamin B4: can refer to the distinct chemicals choline, adenine, or carnitine. Choline is synthesized by the human body, but not sufficiently
B_vitamins
Class of enzymes
enzymology, a choline sulfotransferase (EC 2.8.2.6) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + choline ⇌ {\displaystyle
Choline_sulfotransferase
Substance that an organism uses to live
boron and silicon. Choline is an essential nutrient. The cholines are a family of water-soluble quaternary ammonium compounds. Choline is the parent compound
Nutrient
Protein family
glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase family (GMC oxidoreductase) is a family of enzymes with oxidoreductase activity. The glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductases
Glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase family
Glucose-methanol-choline_oxidoreductase_family
Esterase that lyses choline-based esters
cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8, choline esterase; systematic name acylcholine acylhydrolase) catalyses the hydrolysis of choline-based esters, several of which
Cholinesterase
The enzyme choline-sulfatase (EC 3.1.6.6) catalyzes the reaction choline sulfate + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } choline + sulfate This enzyme
Choline-sulfatase
Protein found in humans
The high-affinity choline transporter (ChT) also known as solute carrier family 5 member 7 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the SLC5A7 gene.
Choline_transporter
Compounds helping in fat metabolism
they contribute to the synthesis of choline.[full citation needed] Choline is essential for fat metabolism. Choline functions as a methyl donor and it
Lipotropic
Chemical compound used in medicines and industry
methyl salicylate, used as a liniment to soothe joint and muscle pain, and choline salicylate, which is used topically to relieve the pain of mouth ulcers
Salicylic_acid
Medical condition
(choline or carnitine) is ingested. Some precursor is absorbed into the bloodstream in the small intestine before reaching the gut (the RDI of choline
Trimethylaminuria
Compound intended to improve cognitive function
bitartrate – Choline bitartrate is a tartaric acid salt containing choline (41% choline by molecular weight). One meta-analysis found choline bitartrate
Nootropic
Class of enzymes
In enzymology, choline oxidase (EC 1.1.3.17) is an enzyme that catalyzes two consecutive chemical reactions choline O2 H2O2 O2 H2O2 glycine betaine
Choline_oxidase
Parasympathetic nervous system inhibitors
Butyrylcholine Carbachol CDD-0034 CDD-0078 CDD-0097 CDD-0098 CDD-0102 Cevimeline Choline cis-Dioxolane Desmethylclozapine (norclozapine) Ethoxysebacylcholine Guvacoline
Anticholinergic
Protein family
biology, the choline/ethanolamine kinase family includes choline kinase(EC 2.7.1.32) and ethanolamine kinase (EC 2.7.1.82). Ethanolamine and choline are major
Choline/ethanolamine kinase family
Choline/ethanolamine_kinase_family
Carbon-11 choline is the basis of medical imaging technologies. Because of its involvement in biologic processes, choline is related to diseases, leading
Carbon-11-choline
Class of enzymes
chromosome 17. While the CDP-choline pathway, in which choline obtained either by dietary consumption or by metabolism of choline-containing lipids is converted
Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
Phosphatidylethanolamine_N-methyltransferase
Medication used to treat low blood sugar and high blood pressure
toxicity. It is taken by mouth. Diazoxide, used as the salt diazoxide choline, and sold under the brand name Vykat XR, is used for the treatment of hyperphagia
Diazoxide
Agent which mimics choline
"choline" describes the various quaternary ammonium salts containing the N,N,N-trimethylethanolammonium cation. Found in most animal tissues, choline is
Cholinergic
Pharmaceutical drug
Choline theophyllinate (INN), also known as oxtriphylline, is a cough medicine derived from xanthine that acts as a bronchodilator to open up airways
Choline_theophyllinate
Chemical compound
Choline m-bromophenyl ether (MBF) is an extremely potent nicotinic agonist. It has powerful ganglion stimulating effects. It also causes muscle contractions
Choline_m-bromophenyl_ether
Chemical compound responsible for rotten fish odor
Well studied are the degradation of choline and carnitine. Trimethylamine is used in the synthesis of choline, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, plant
Trimethylamine
Class of enzymes
In enzymology, choline dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction choline + electron acceptor glycine
Choline_dehydrogenase
Class of enzymes
+ choline ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } CMP + phosphatidylcholine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are CDP-diacylglycerol and choline, whereas
Phosphatidylcholine_synthase
Solutions of Lewis or Brønsted acids and bases
in DESs is well illustrated by a mixture of choline chloride (ChCl) and urea in a 1:2 mole ratio. Choline chloride and urea are both solids at room temperature
Deep_eutectic_solvent
Chemical compound
[medical citation needed] Coluracetam has been shown to reverse the loss of choline acetyltransferase production in the medial septal nucleus of rats exposed
Coluracetam
Choline kinase (also known as CK, ChoK and choline phosphokinase) is an enzyme which catalyzes the first reaction in the choline pathway for phosphatidylcholine
Choline_kinase
Primary cholinesterase in the body
breakdown of acetylcholine and some other choline esters that function as neurotransmitters: acetylcholine + H2O = choline + acetate It is found at mainly neuromuscular
Acetylcholinesterase
Chemical compound
It is developed by Wilson Therapeutics and used in form of the salt bis-choline tetrathiomolybdate. Wilson's disease is an autosomal recessive genetic
Tiomolibdic_acid
Chemical compound
3,3-Dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB) is a structural analog of choline. DMB inhibits microbial trimethylamine (TMA) formation in mice and in human feces, thereby
3,3-Dimethyl-1-butanol
Chemical compound
reuptake of choline by the high-affinity choline transporter (ChT; encoded in humans by the gene SLC5A7) at the presynapse. The reuptake of choline is the
Hemicholinium-3
Chemical compound
oxidation of choline. The intermediate, betaine aldehyde, is generated by the action of the enzyme mitochondrial choline oxidase (choline dehydrogenase
Trimethylglycine
Index of chemical compounds with the same name
chemical compounds, none of which is currently considered a true vitamin: Choline is synthesized by the human body, but not sufficiently to maintain good
Vitamin_B4
Chemical compound
groups. It can also be viewed as a central moiety of succinic acid with two choline moieties, one on each end. Suxamethonium was first discovered in 1906 by
Suxamethonium_chloride
Class of enzymes
In enzymology, a choline monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.7) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction choline + O2 + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+ ⇌ {\displaystyle
Choline_monooxygenase
Medical condition where fat accumulates in the liver
(November 1995). "Choline deficiency: a cause of hepatic steatosis during parenteral nutrition that can be reversed with intravenous choline supplementation"
Fatty_liver_disease
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Chaikoff at Berkeley when describing a carrot enzyme that could "[split] choline from phospholipids." PLD was first derived in mammals in 1975 by Saito
Phospholipase_D1
Secret research facility in the Soviet Union
desired criteria was developed and referred to as C-2 or K-2 (carbylamine choline chloride). According to witness testimonies, the victims experienced physical
Poison laboratory of the Soviet secret services
Poison_laboratory_of_the_Soviet_secret_services
Chemical compound
of a negatively charged phosphate bonded to a small, positively charged choline group. Phosphorylcholine is part of the platelet-activating factor; the
Phosphorylcholine
Medicated oral gel
keratolytic and mildly antiseptic salicylic acid in the form of its salt choline salicylate and the antiseptic cetalkonium chloride as active ingredients
Bonjela
Aggressive type of brain cancer
cases by showing increased relative cerebral blood volume and increased choline peak, respectively, but pathology remains the gold standard for diagnosis
Glioblastoma
Protein-coding gene in humans
Choline kinase alpha is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CHKA gene. The major pathway for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine occurs via
CHKA
Class of enzymes
1-alkenyl-2-acylglycerol choline phosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.22) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction CDP-choline + 1-alkenyl-2-acylglycerol
1-alkenyl-2-acylglycerol choline phosphotransferase
1-alkenyl-2-acylglycerol_choline_phosphotransferase
Sinapoylglucose---choline O-sinapoyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.91) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose + choline
Sinapoylglucose—choline O-sinapoyltransferase
Sinapoylglucose—choline_O-sinapoyltransferase
Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.15) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction CTP + choline phosphate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons
Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase
Choline-phosphate_cytidylyltransferase
Drugs that inhibit acetylcholinesterase
acetylcholinesterase from breaking down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into choline and acetate. This increases both the level and duration of action of acetylcholine
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
Acetylcholinesterase_inhibitor
Chemical compound
Phosphocholine is made in a reaction, catalyzed by choline kinase, that converts ATP and choline into phosphocholine and ADP. Phosphocholine is a molecule
Phosphocholine
Chemical compound
intractable endometriosis. Linzagolix is available as linzagolix choline, the choline salt of linzagolix, in the form of 100 and 200 mg film-coated oral
Linzagolix
Polyatomic ions of the form N(–R)4 (charge +1)
betaine, choline, carnitine, butyrobetaine, homarine, and trigonelline. Glycine betaine, an osmolyte, stabilizes osmotic pressure in cells. Choline is a precursor
Quaternary_ammonium_cation
Nutritional and human health aspects of vegan diets
long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, calcium, zinc, vitamin B12 and choline. Researchers agree that those on a vegan diet should take a vitamin B12
Vegan_nutrition
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Choline transporter-like protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC44A1 gene. Papillary glioneuronal tumors characteristically exhibit
Choline transporter-like protein 1
Choline_transporter-like_protein_1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene. This gene encodes a mitochondrial choline carrier. Mutations in this gene are associated with serum choline levels and impact betaine synthesis. The
SLC25A48
Chemical compound
transported into cholinergic neurons by the choline transporter. AF64A irreversibly inhibits the choline acetyltransferase and thereby inhibits acetylcholine
Ethylcholine_mustard
Chemical compound
particularly oil seeds of plants in the family Brassicaceae. It is the choline ester of sinapic acid. Sinapine was discovered by Étienne-Ossian Henry
Sinapine
Nutrients required by organisms in small amounts
nutrients are minerals, essential fatty acids, essential amino acids, and choline. Major health organizations list thirteen vitamins: Vitamin A (all-trans-retinols
Vitamin
Class of enzymes
(PLD) (EC 3.1.4.4; also known as lipophosphodiesterase II, lecithinase D, choline phosphatase; systematic name: phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase)
Phospholipase_D
Canadian co-discoverer of insulin (1899–1978)
University of Toronto and was further involved in research concerning choline and heparin. Charles Herbert Best was born in Pembroke, Maine, on February
Charles Best (medical scientist)
Charles_Best_(medical_scientist)
Class of enzymes
ceramide 1-phosphate and choline: sphingomyelin + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } ceramide 1-phosphate + choline or the hydrolysis of
Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase D
Sphingomyelin_phosphodiesterase_D
Ore extraction material science
are mixtures of choline chloride (ChCl) and a hydrogen-bond donor (e.g., urea, ethylene glycol, malonic acid) or mixtures of choline chloride with a hydrated
Extractive_metallurgy
American agriculture company
ruled that Corteva can continue to sell Enlist Duo, which contains 2,4-D choline and glyphosate, after environmentalists attempted to block sales of the
Corteva
US/Canada food nutrient labelling system
μg Thiamin 1.2 mg Riboflavin 1.3 mg Niacin 16 mg Pantothenic acid 5 mg Vitamin B6 1.7 mg Vitamin B12 2.4 μg Biotin 30 μg Folate 400 μg Choline 550 mg
Reference_Daily_Intake
Class of lipids
basic PA structure with the addition of choline. Phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines are lecithins. Choline is the alcohol, with a positively charged
Glycerophospholipid
Chemical agents that inhibit Cholinesterase
Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs), also known as anti-cholinesterase, are chemicals that prevent the breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine or
Cholinesterase_inhibitor
Spanish biologist, biochemist, inventor (born 1957)
p21 function, the involvement of Rho GTPases in cancer and the role of choline kinase alpha (ChoKα) in human carcinogenesis and other diseases. He holds
Juan_Carlos_Lacal
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Choline transporter-like protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC44A2 gene. Solute carrier family GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000129353
Choline transporter-like protein 2
Choline_transporter-like_protein_2
Non-Ironman branded triathlon race held annually in Norway
(18 August 2020). "Effects of Krill Oil and Race Distance on Serum Choline and Choline Metabolites in Triathletes: A Field Study". Frontiers in Nutrition
Norseman_triathlon
Associated with concentration changes in synaptic neurotransmitters in the CNS
study found that plasma choline levels had dropped 40% after the subjects ran the Boston Marathon. Another study found that choline supplementation did not
Central nervous system fatigue
Central_nervous_system_fatigue
Biological relationship
and memory. Choline deficiencies may be related to some liver and neurological disorders. Because of its role in cellular synthesis, choline is an important
Nutrition_and_cognition
Chemical compound
one of its methyl groups. It is also a byproduct of the metabolism of choline. When DMG was first discovered, it was referred to as Vitamin B16, but
Dimethylglycine
Chemical compound
Eltrombopag, sold under the brand name Promacta among others, is a medication used to treat thrombocytopenia (abnormally low platelet counts) and severe
Eltrombopag
Class of enzymes which transfer functional groups between molecules
lactose, and prescription of antibiotics for infections that may develop. Choline acetyltransferase (also known as ChAT or CAT) is an important enzyme which
Transferase
Medical condition
Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. 1998. pp. 58–86. doi:10
Vitamin_deficiency
US system of nutrition recommendations
spices, fresh parsley, cooked and raw kale, chard, other leaf vegetables Choline NE 550 425 2000 mg egg yolk, organ meats from beef and pork, soybean oil
Dietary_Reference_Intake
Fruit of several passion flower species
13 mg Niacin (B3) 9% 1.5 mg Vitamin B6 6% 0.1 mg Folate (B9) 4% 14 μg Choline 1% 7.6 mg Vitamin C 33% 30 mg Vitamin K 1% 0.7 μg Minerals Quantity %DV†
Passion_fruit_(fruit)
Topics referred to by the same term
AGPC may refer to: α-GPC (alpha-GPC), a natural choline compound found in the brain Acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction, a liquid–liquid
AGPC
Central nervous system stimulant
reduction in N-acetylaspartate and creatine levels and elevated levels of choline and myoinositol. Methamphetamine has been shown to activate TAAR1 in human
Methamphetamine
Species of moth
not yet fully known, but these toxins contain quantities of neurotoxic choline esters which act by interfering with the acetylcholine receptor. The colours
Garden_tiger_moth
Type of drug
neurotransmitters such as glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, adenosine, choline (the precursor of acetylcholine), and the endocannabinoids, among others
Reuptake_inhibitor
Chemical compound
liver tumors in mice via a choline-depletion mode of action and that this effect is likely caused by the inhibition of choline uptake by cells." A 2009
Triethanolamine
Edible animal product
fermentation. Egg yolks and whole eggs store significant amounts of protein and choline. Due to their protein content, the United States Department of Agriculture
Eggs_as_food
Excessively dry skin
illness, severe sunburn, or some medication. Xeroderma can be caused by choline inhibitors. Detergents such as washing powder and dishwashing liquid can
Xeroderma
Chemical compound
6-dihydro-2H-pyridine) is an inhibitor of the enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). B115 inhibits human ChAT with an IC50 of 4.3
B115
Fruit of several cactus species
mg Niacin (B3) 1% 0.161 mg Vitamin B6 2% 0.026 mg Folate (B9) 2% 7 μg Choline 1% 5.1 mg Vitamin C 5% 4.3 mg Vitamin E 1% 0.12 mg Vitamin K 4% 4.4 μg
Pitaya
Food produced by bacterial fermentation of milk
mg Vitamin B6 4% 0.063 mg Folate (B9) 1% 5 μg Vitamin B12 31% 0.75 μg Choline 3% 15.1 mg Vitamin C 0% 0 mg Minerals Quantity %DV† Calcium 8% 100 mg Iron
Yogurt
Viscous by-product of the refining of sugarcane, grapes, or sugar beets into sugar
(B3) 6% 0.93 mg Pantothenic acid (B5) 16% 0.804 mg Vitamin B6 39% 0.67 mg Choline 2% 13.3 mg Minerals Quantity %DV† Calcium 16% 205 mg Iron 26% 4.72 mg Magnesium
Molasses
Chemical compound
Acetylcholine metabolism and transport modulators Enzyme (modulators) ChATTooltip Choline acetyltransferase Inhibitors: 1-(-Benzoylethyl)pyridinium
Dicyclohexyl phosphorofluoridate
Dicyclohexyl_phosphorofluoridate
Amino acid
muscles and other body tissues as an intermediate in the metabolism of choline to glycine. It was first isolated and named by the German chemist Justus
Sarcosine
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
is a choline transporter belonging to the major facilitator superfamily (MFS). It is a uniporter transmembrane protein that transports choline across
FLVCR2
Class of drugs
combined with choline. Evidence in studies with rats has indicated that the potency of piracetam is increased when administered with choline. Racetams are
Racetam
bitartrate – Choline bitartrate is a tartaric acid salt containing choline (41% choline by molecular weight). One meta-analysis found choline bitartrate
List_of_designer_drugs
CHOLINE
CHOLINE
CHOLINE
CHOLINE
Girl/Female
Australian, Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Indonesian
Raining; Clouds; Rain
Female
Egyptian
, the granddaughter of Tetet.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Sweet Basil, Sweet smelling plant
Girl/Female
Tamil
Existence
Female
Egyptian
, the wife of Necho I. (?).
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit, Tamil
Key; Love
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Lord Vishnu; Another Name of Lord Krishna; Son of God
Boy/Male
Indian
Shining star
Male
Greek
(ΣπÏÏο) Short form of Greek Spyridon, SPYRO means "spirit."
Boy/Male
Hindu
CHOLINE
CHOLINE
CHOLINE
CHOLINE
CHOLINE
n.
A poisonous organic base (a ptomaine) formed in the decomposition of protagon with boiling baryta water, and in the putrefraction of proteid matter. It was for a long time considered identical with choline, a crystalline body originally obtained from bile. Chemically, however, choline is oxyethyl-trimethyl-ammonium hydroxide, while neurine is vinyl-trimethyl-ammonium hydroxide.
n.
See Neurine.
n.
Choline.