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Lighthouse whose superstructure rests on a concrete or metal caisson
A caisson lighthouse (also referred to as a sparkplug lighthouse, or bug light) is a type of lighthouse whose superstructure rests on a concrete or metal
Caisson_lighthouse
Lighthouse
Acushnet River. Built in 1898 by the United States Lighthouse Board, it is the only known caisson lighthouse designed by a marine architect. The light was
Butler_Flats_Light
Structure designed to emit light to aid navigation
framework, such as Thomas Point Shoal Lighthouse. As screw piles can be disrupted by ice, steel caisson lighthouses such as Orient Point Light are used
Lighthouse
Lighthouse in Virginia, United States
is a lighthouse near the Monitor–Merrimac Memorial Bridge–Tunnel (MMMBT) on Interstate 664 in Hampton Roads. It is the oldest caisson lighthouse in Virginia
Newport News Middle Ground Light
Newport_News_Middle_Ground_Light
Lighthouse in Maryland, United States
Baltimore Light and historically Baltimore Harbor Lighthouse is a privately owned caisson lighthouse in the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland. First lit in 1908
Baltimore_Harbor_Light
Lighthouse in Virginia, United States
Smith Point Light is a caisson lighthouse in the Virginia portion of the Chesapeake Bay at the mouth of the Potomac River. It was added to the National
Smith_Point_Light
Lighthouse design standing on piles
Subsequently, though, the use of caisson lighthouses proved more durable in locations subject to ice. Screwpile lighthouses were relatively inexpensive, easy
Screw-pile_lighthouse
Former agency of the United States government
the Navesink Lighthouse. In 1852, the Lighthouse Board was created. In 1871, the Duxbury Pier Light became the first caisson lighthouse built in the United
United States Lighthouse Service
United_States_Lighthouse_Service
Lighthouse in Virginia, United States
Wolf Trap Light is a caisson lighthouse in the Virginia portion of the Chesapeake Bay, about seven and a half miles northeast of New Point Comfort Light
Wolf_Trap_Light
Lighthouse in Texas, United States
The Sabine Bank Light is a caisson lighthouse in the Gulf of Mexico south of the mouth of the Sabine River. It is still active, though the original tower
Sabine_Bank_Light
Lighthouse in Finland
Porvoo and was Finland's first caisson lighthouse, replacing the lightship Kalbådagrund. Construction of the lighthouse began in the spring of 1950 on
Kalbådagrund_Lighthouse
Former agency of the United States government
screwpile lighthouses, exoskeleton lighthouses, waveswept interlocking stone lighthouses, iron caisson lighthouses, and breakwater lighthouses. In the 1850s
United States Lighthouse Board
United_States_Lighthouse_Board
Lighthouse in Maryland, United States
Range Front Light, named for William Price Craighill, was the first caisson lighthouse built in the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland, USA. First lit in 1873, the
Craighill Channel Lower Range Front Light
Craighill_Channel_Lower_Range_Front_Light
Lighthouse in Maryland, United States
The Sharps Island Light is the third lighthouse to stand nearly 3 miles (5 km) south-southwest from the southern end of Tilghman Island in Maryland's Chesapeake
Sharps_Island_Light
Peninsula in Nova Scotia, Canada
wharf. The tanks were removed in 2017. Bug Light is a small lighthouse built on a caisson that is reachable from Bunker Island at low tide. It was erected
Bunker_Island,_Nova_Scotia
Lighthouse in Maryland, United States
Solomons Lump Light is a lighthouse in the Chesapeake Bay, the abbreviated remains of a caisson light built in 1895. That structure replaced a screw-pile
Solomons_Lump_Light
Lighthouse
caisson lighthouse; a steel tower resting on a concrete caisson, equipped with a helicopter platform and powered by a wind generator. The lighthouse had
Suomen_leijona
Place in Maryland, United States
is the Hooper's Island Lighthouse. This lighthouse was built in 1906 and is only one of eleven pneumatic caisson lighthouses in the United States. For
Hoopers_Island
Lighthouse
Oswego Harbor West Pierhead Lighthouse is an active aid to navigation located off the coast of Oswego, New York. It was built in 1934 to replace an earlier
Oswego Harbor West Pierhead Light
Oswego_Harbor_West_Pierhead_Light
Lighthouse in California, United States
The St. George Reef Light is an inactive lighthouse built on North West Seal Rock, six miles (10 km) off the coast of northern California near Crescent
St._George_Reef_Light
Finnish lightvessel
Kalbådagrund [fi]. It operated until 1953, when the first Finnish caisson lighthouse, Kalbådagrund Lighthouse, was installed instead of it. The ship was sold to a
Lightship_Äransgrund
Lighthouse in Lower Saxony, Germany
Roter Sand is a lighthouse in the North Sea, in the Weser estuary. It entered service in 1885. The light was deactivated in 1986 but the tower still serves
Roter_Sand_Lighthouse
Lighthouse
shallow water in the Raritan Bay. The 30-foot (9.1 m) foundation, a conical caisson, sits in about 11 feet (3.4 m) of water. The five-story tower and lantern
Great_Beds_Light
Lighthouse
Helsinki Lighthouse (Finnish: Helsingin majakka; also commonly known as Helsingin kasuuni — Swedish: Helsingfors fyra; Helsingfors kassun) is a caisson-type
Helsinki_Lighthouse
Lighthouse in New York, United States
foundation of a stone pier and cast iron caisson, that holds a concrete cylinder which accounts for half the lighthouse's weight, securing it in the river bottom
Tarrytown_Light
Lighthouse in Maryland, United States
in time. Unlike earlier caisson lights in the bay, the foundation was placed using the pneumatic process, in which the caisson is kept under pressure to
Hooper_Island_Light
Lighthouse in Delaware, United States
lighthouse when a wave broke a second story window. Intense winds shook the tower, and the high seas completely submerged the breakwater. The caisson
Harbor_of_Refuge_Light
Series of offshore lighthouses around the United States
offshore stations previously served by lightships. An attempt to set a caisson light at Diamond Shoals off the North Carolina coast in the late 1880s
Texas_Tower_(lighthouse)
Lighthouse in Ontario, Canada
during the winter months. The cement that surrounded the lighthouse's current stone caisson base has eroded on the south side revealing this ongoing damage
Colchester Reef Light (Lake Erie, West)
Colchester_Reef_Light_(Lake_Erie,_West)
Surname list
Range Front Light, named for William Price Craighill, was the first caisson lighthouse built in the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland Craighill Channel Lower Range
Craighill
Type of foundation
pole), the pier (which is analogous to a column), drilled shafts, and caissons. Piles are generally driven into the ground in situ; other deep foundations
Piling
United States historic place
condition." The lighthouse was built in 1883 using pneumatic caisson engineering. The light replaced an earlier 1868 light. Conimicut Lighthouse was automated
Conimicut_Light
Lighthouse
historic lighthouse at the mouth of the Taunton River in Somerset, Massachusetts, US. It is a tower-on-caisson type known as a sparkplug lighthouse. The light
Borden_Flats_Light
Lighthouse in New York, United States
The Hudson–Athens Lighthouse, sometimes called the Hudson City light, is a lighthouse located in the Hudson River in the state of New York in the United
Hudson–Athens_Lighthouse
Bridge in New York City
caissons made of southern yellow pine and filled with cement. Inside both caissons were spaces for construction workers. The Manhattan side's caisson
Brooklyn_Bridge
Lighthouse in which the tower and keeper's dwelling are united in one structure
is not used to refer to a caisson or screw-pile lighthouse. Rowlett, Russ. "The Oldest Integral Lighthouses". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North
Integral_lighthouse
as well as three automated caissons and eleven skeleton towers replacing previously staffed lights. The first lighthouse in the state was lit in 1822
List of lighthouses in Maryland
List_of_lighthouses_in_Maryland
Working life museum in Stockholm Municipality, Sweden
unmanned caisson lighthouse and became a museum ship attached to the Vasa Museum. Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of Sweden: Stockholm Area". The Lighthouse Directory
Lightship_Finngrundet_(1903)
Lighthouse in Maryland, United States
breaking off two courses of iron plates from the caisson and releasing it from its mooring. The caisson was retrieved and repaired, and in October of that
Point No Point Light (Maryland)
Point_No_Point_Light_(Maryland)
Lighthouse
An automated light tower and day beacon were erected on the original caisson, and continue to serve as a navigation aid. On March 3, 1875, $20,000 was
Cold_Spring_Harbor_Light
Lighthouse
Stratford Shoal Light, officially Stratford Shoal (Middle Ground) Light, is a lighthouse on a shoal in the middle of Long Island Sound approximately halfway between
Stratford_Shoal_Light
Lighthouse
Shoal, it was the first lighthouse to be built using a pneumatic caisson. The wooden caisson structure was excavated to a depth of 23 feet (7.0 m) below the
Fourteen_Foot_Bank_Light
Railway bridge over the Firth of Forth in Scotland
timbers inside the caisson to reinforce it, and it was ten months before the caisson could be pumped out and dug free. The caisson was refloated on 19
Forth_Bridge
lighthouse built on a caisson offshore from Point Pelee in Lake Erie was also undertaken in 1859; it was replaced in 1902 by a lighthouse built of steel plates
History of lighthouses in Canada
History_of_lighthouses_in_Canada
Lighthouse in Maryland, United States
1881. Based on experience with ice damage to screw-pile structures, a caisson design was chosen similar to that at Sharps Island Light, which was under
Bloody_Point_Bar_Light
Lighthouse
Race Rock Light is a lighthouse on Race Rock Reef, a dangerous set of rocks on Long Island Sound southwest of Fishers Island, New York and the site of
Race_Rock_Light
Lighthouse in Virginia, United States
and overturned the stove in the house, which was destroyed by fire. A caisson light was placed next to the old site in 1914; in the meantime, a temporary
Thimble_Shoal_Light
Lighthouse in Maine, US
Breakwater Light (also called Bug Light) is a small lighthouse in South Portland, Maine, United States. A lighthouse was first built here in 1855 as a wooden structure
Portland_Breakwater_Light
Lighthouse
Light (Lighthouse), built in 1899, is a sparkplug lighthouse in North Kingstown, Rhode Island. The lighthouse was built using pneumatic caisson engineering
Plum_Beach_Light
as well as three automated caissons and eleven skeleton towers replacing previously staffed lights. The first lighthouse in the state was erected in
List of lighthouses in Virginia
List_of_lighthouses_in_Virginia
Lighthouse
Bar Light is a lighthouse off Orient, New York. It was originally a screwpile lighthouse that was later converted to concrete caisson foundation. Its
Orient_Long_Beach_Bar_Light
Lighthouse
The Delaware Breakwater East End Light is a lighthouse located on the inner Delaware Breakwater in the Delaware Bay, just off the coast of Cape Henlopen
Delaware Breakwater East End Light
Delaware_Breakwater_East_End_Light
Lighthouse in Virginia, US
reactivated by Union forces in 1862. In 1919, a simple skeleton tower on a small caisson was erected to replace the old light. The following year, the house was
Cherrystone_Bar_Light
Lighthouse in Massachusetts, United States
The lighthouse is built atop a caisson 52 feet in diameter, which also contains the lighthouse's engine room. The first two floors of the lighthouse serve
Cleveland_East_Ledge_Light
Lighthouse
letters on the sides. In 1964 a modern remote controlled concrete caisson lighthouse replaced the ships and it stands to this day. It was fitted with 72
Almagrundet
Lighthouse in Hamburg, Germany
the Hamburg Port Authority. Due to the offshore location of the lighthouse, a caisson was used to build the concrete foundation to a depth of 10 meters
Blankenese_Low_Lighthouse
-76.399167 (Baltimore Light Station) Gibson Island Privately owned caisson lighthouse in the Chesapeake Bay; first lit in 1908. 10 Wiley H. Bates High School
National Register of Historic Places listings in Anne Arundel County, Maryland
National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Anne_Arundel_County,_Maryland
Structural protection of offshore water intakes
settling. The superstructure is rough-hewn granite block atop a steel caisson enclosing a 40 feet (12 m) diameter inner well chamber. Originally supplying
Water_cribs_in_Chicago
Lighthouse in Maryland, United States
appropriation was not made until 1890. The original proposal was to construct a caisson light, but tests of the bottom convinced the engineers that a screw-pile
Maryland_Point_Light
Lighthouse in Maine, US
Spring Point Ledge Light is a sparkplug lighthouse in South Portland, Maine, which marks a dangerous obstruction on the west side of the main shipping
Spring_Point_Ledge_Light
Lighthouse
light includes a 30-foot-diameter (9.1 m) cylindrical caisson foundation painted brown. The caisson is filled with concrete and surrounded by riprap. This
Latimer_Reef_Light
Lighthouse in Staten Island, New York
West Bank Light, officially West Bank Front Range Light, is a lighthouse in Lower New York Bay, within New York City, and acts as the front range light
West_Bank_Light
Lighthouse in North Carolina, United States
Foot Bank Light in Delaware Bay in 1885-1887, was awarded the contract. A caisson was constructed in Norfolk, Virginia and towed to the site in June 1891
Diamond_Shoal_Light
Lighthouse
docking lighthouse situated in the sea west of Marstrand and south of Tjörn. It was built in 1977 to replace the Pater Noster Lighthouse. The lighthouse is
Hätteberget
Lighthouse in Virginia, United States
deactivated two years later. In 1921 a small caisson structure with an automated light replaced the lighthouse, and with variations in light source, continues
Bowlers_Rock_Light
Lighthouse
Duxbury Pier lighthouse also called Duxbury Light (nicknamed the "Bug Light") is a lighthouse located in Plymouth Harbor, Massachusetts. Duxbury Pier Light
Duxbury_Pier_Light
Lighthouse
Hog Island Shoal Light, built in 1901, is a sparkplug lighthouse on a shoal off of Hog Island, Rhode Island. It is located about 600 feet (180 m) southeast
Hog_Island_Shoal_Light
Lighthouse
foundation. In the 1870s caisson foundations became available, and in 1873 Congress appropriated funds toward the construction of a caisson light on the shoal
Ship_John_Shoal_Light
Lighthouse in Maryland, United States
Pooles Island Light is the oldest lighthouse still standing in Maryland and the fourth oldest in the Chesapeake Bay area. The light is located on Pooles
Pooles_Island_Light
Lighthouse
Penfield Reef Lighthouse is a lighthouse in Connecticut, United States, on Penfield Reef at the south side of Black Rock Harbor entrance on the Long Island
Penfield_Reef_Light
Lighthouse in Maryland, United States
the piles and destroying it. Although consideration was given to using a caisson structure, it was decided instead to reuse the house from the Cherrystone
Choptank_River_Light
Lighthouse in Bayonne, New Jersey
The Robbins Reef Light Station is a sparkplug lighthouse located off Constable Hook in Bayonne, Hudson County, New Jersey, United States, along the west
Robbins_Reef_Light
Lighthouse in Michigan, United States
the lighthouse service took special precautions to make sure those dire straits would not recur. The structure of this light is unusual. The caisson which
Rock_of_Ages_Light
Lighthouse in Connecticut, U.S. (1902)
Greens Ledge Lighthouse (also known as Greens Ledge Light, or Rowayton Lighthouse) is a historic offshore lighthouse in the western Long Island Sound
Greens_Ledge_Light
Lighthouse in Connecticut, United States
Stamford Harbor Ledge Lighthouse is a lighthouse in Connecticut, United States, on Chatham Rock off of Stamford, Connecticut. It was added to the National
Stamford_Harbor_Ledge_Light
Canadian civil engineer
important works may be mentioned the Colchester Reef lighthouse (1885) on a caisson in Lake Erie, the construction and installation in 1898 of the first-order
William_P._Anderson
Lighthouse in Maine, US
Goose Rocks Light is a sparkplug lighthouse located near North Haven, Maine in Penobscot Bay. It stands at the eastern entrance to the Fox Islands Thoroughfare
Goose_Rocks_Light
Lighthouse in Maine, US
Ram Island Light is a lighthouse located just offshore of Ram Island, marking the eastern entrance to Boothbay Harbor, Maine, and the west side of the
Ram_Island_Light
Lighthouse in Michigan, United States
aspects of Streamlined Moderne design. The foundation of the lighthouse is circular caisson approximately 50 feet in diameter and 45 feet tall, built of
Keweenaw Waterway Upper Entrance Light
Keweenaw_Waterway_Upper_Entrance_Light
Lighthouse
inability of the first contractor to set the caisson before exhausting the budget, so that the caisson was not set in place until 1909. A wooden shed
Miah_Maull_Shoal_Light
Lighthouse in Connecticut, United States
Peck Ledge Light, also known as "Peck Ledge Lighthouse", is a sparkplug lighthouse in Norwalk, Connecticut, United States, southeast of Norwalk Harbor
Peck_Ledge_Light
Lighthouse in Virginia, United States
screwpile lighthouse constructed in the Chesapeake Bay in 1854. Destroyed in 1856, it had the shortest recorded existence of any lighthouse on the Bay
Pungoteague_Creek_Light
Lighthouse
submissions in the first round. In addition, the setting and completion of the caisson were interrupted by a severe storm in September 1907 which drowned one
Elbow_of_Cross_Ledge_Light
Lighthouse in Staten Island, New York
72 acre submerged land. Constructed of cast iron on concrete/cast iron caisson. Markings: white upper/black. Protective riprap and breakwater sheltering
Old_Orchard_Shoal_Light
Lighthouse
concerns about corrosion of the piles led the Lighthouse Board to obtain an appropriation to construct a caisson light at the site. This light, completed in
Brandywine_Shoal_Light
Lighthouse in South Carolina, US
and the lighthouse is now under the control of State of South Carolina as part of the Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center Heritage Preserve. The lighthouse is on
Georgetown_Light
Lighthouse
Sakonnet Light, built in 1884, is a sparkplug lighthouse near Sakonnet Point, Little Compton, Rhode Island, on the eastern side of the state. The light
Sakonnet_Light
Lighthouse
Southwest Ledge Light is an active lighthouse marking the main entrance channel to the harbor of New Haven, Connecticut. Completed in 1877, it was one
Southwest_Ledge_Light
Lighthouse in Virginia, United States
the old girder works of the original lighthouse were removed and replaced by a single concrete-filled caisson with superstructure tower and light and
Windmill Point Light (Virginia)
Windmill_Point_Light_(Virginia)
Lighthouse in Maryland, United States
Sandy Point Shoal Light is a brick three story lighthouse on a caisson foundation that was erected in 1883. It lies about 0.6 mi (0.97 km) off Sandy Point
Sandy_Point_Shoal_Light
Lighthouse in Maryland, United States
led them to reconsider this, and the front light was built as a small caisson structure. For the rear light a grid of nine stone piers was laid out,
Craighill Channel Lower Range Rear Light
Craighill_Channel_Lower_Range_Rear_Light
Lighthouse
Saybrook Breakwater Lighthouse is a sparkplug lighthouse in Connecticut, United States, at Fenwick Point at the mouth of the Connecticut River near Old
Saybrook_Breakwater_Light
Lighthouse off Long Island, New York
1874, but was carried away by ice in 1896. Construction of a cast-iron caisson tower on the reef began in October 1898 but was halted for a year by stormy
Orient_Point_Light
Lighthouse in Maryland, United States
days before sinking. A new beacon was constructed, a short tower on a caisson foundation, and it has remained in service since. "Historic Light Station
Janes_Island_Light
Lighthouse
Romer Shoal Light is a sparkplug lighthouse in Lower New York Bay, on the north edge of the Swash Channel, about 3⁄4 nautical mile (1.4 km; 0.86 mi) south
Romer_Shoal_Light
Lighthouse
in the bottom, both painted red, mounted on a round caisson which is painted black. The lighthouse, owned by the Swedish Maritime Administration, is automated
Grundkallen
French civil engineer (1832–1923)
on the river bed. These were constructed with the aid of compressed air caissons and hydraulic rams, both innovative techniques at the time. Eiffel was
Gustave_Eiffel
2003 British TV series or programme
underwater caissons used to build the bridge. This episode tells the story of the construction in the early 19th century of the offshore lighthouse on Bell
Seven Wonders of the Industrial World
Seven_Wonders_of_the_Industrial_World
Lighthouse in Michigan, United States
the end of the breakwater and the main light was rebuilt. In 1928, a new caisson was placed at the end of the south breakwater to support a new light. In
Muskegon_Breakwater_Light
Coastal town in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
to Durban, the bridge posed a safety risk. Officials cited its outdated caisson foundation system built in 1958, which has led to pier rotation, further
Port_Shepstone
CAISSON LIGHTHOUSE
CAISSON LIGHTHOUSE
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name for someone from Cawston in Norfolk; the form of the surname reflects the local pronunciation of the place name, which is from the Old Scandinavian personal name Kalfr + Old English tūn ‘settlement’.Italian (Venetia) : augmentative form of Casa.
Boy/Male
British, English
Son of the Mighty Warrior
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from a place in Norfolk named Caston, from an unattested Old English personal name Catt or the Old Norse personal name Káti + Old English tūn ‘farmstead’, ‘settlement’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Grissom.
Boy/Male
Scandinavian
Son of Carr.
Boy/Male
Latin
Crimson.
Boy/Male
English
free men's town.
Boy/Male
American, English
Flower
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.French : variant of Chiasson.
Boy/Male
Biblical
Hope, trust.
Boy/Male
Australian, Latin
Christian
Male
Greek
(Αἴσων) Greek name possibly AISON means "to be" or "that which is made." In mythology, this is the name of Jason's father.
Male
English
Variant spelling of English unisex Addison, ADISSON means "son of Adam."
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Architect; Mason
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English, German
Settlement of Free Men; Free Men's Town
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Of Beautiful Face and Body
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, and French
English, Scottish, and French : nickname for an intelligent person, from Middle English, Old French raison ‘reasoning’, ‘intellectual faculty’ (Latin ratio, genitive rationis).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Chilson in Oxfordshire, named with Old English cild ‘young man’ (see Child) + tūn ‘farmstead’, ‘settlement’.It is not known when this surname was first brought to America, but it was well established in CT in the early 18th century. Daniel Chilson of Weathersfield, CT, was born about 1720 and on 4 October 1745 married Sybil Stanclift in Middlesex County, CT.
Boy/Male
Spanish
follower of Christ; the annointed.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metronymic from Cass.
CAISSON LIGHTHOUSE
CAISSON LIGHTHOUSE
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Strong
Girl/Female
Indian
Fearless
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
The Earth
Boy/Male
Indian, Kannada
Sun
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi
Winner; Victorious
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Sanskrit, Tamil
Calm
Boy/Male
Scandinavian English Norse
Prince.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Indian, Muslim
Skilled in Music or Dance; Woman of Learning
Boy/Male
Muslim
King of the world
Girl/Female
Hindi
Bliss.
CAISSON LIGHTHOUSE
CAISSON LIGHTHOUSE
CAISSON LIGHTHOUSE
CAISSON LIGHTHOUSE
CAISSON LIGHTHOUSE
n.
A four-wheeled carriage for conveying ammunition, consisting of two parts, a body and a limber. In light field batteries there is one caisson to each piece, having two ammunition boxes on the body, and one on the limber.
n.
A chest filled with explosive materials, to be laid in the way of an enemy and exploded on his approach.
n.
See Crimson.
n.
A hollow floating box, usually of iron, which serves to close the entrances of docks and basins.
v. t.
To give a crimson or red color to; to crimson.
n.
same as caisson disease. Usually referred to as the bends.
n.
A sunk panel of ceilings or soffits.
b. t.
To become crimson; to blush.
v. t.
To dye red or crimson.
imp. & p. p.
of Crimson
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Crimson
n.
A structure, usually with an air chamber, placed beneath a vessel to lift or float it.
n.
A chest to hold ammunition.
a.
Blood-red; crimson.
v. t.
To dye with crimson or deep red; to redden.
a.
Crimson.
n.
A flat, shallow caisson for raising sunken ships.
n.
A water-tight box, of timber or iron within which work is carried on in building foundations or structures below the water level.
n.
The chamber of a canal lock; also, a caisson or a cofferdam.
n.
See Crimson.