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Type of thick leather coat
The European buff coat is an item of leather clothing that was primarily worn by cavalry and officers during the 17th century, but also worn by a small
Buff_coat
Yellow-brown color
would neither put on arms [armour] or buff coat the day of the battle". Such buff leather was suitable for buffing or serving as a buffer between polished
Buff_(colour)
Historical form of cavalry
shillings. A more wealthy harquebusier may have worn a buff coat (the finest quality buff coats were often more expensive than an iron cuirass) under his
Harquebusier
U.S. state coat of arms and flag
coat of arms on a white disc surrounded by the state name. The flag of New Jersey was adopted on May 11, 1896. It features the coat of arms on a buff
Coat of arms and flag of New Jersey
Coat_of_arms_and_flag_of_New_Jersey
Medieval defensive jacket
few remaining suits of full plate, it was increasingly replaced by the buff coat—a leather jacket of rough suede. There are two distinctive designs of
Gambeson
Strong and soft type of leather
widespread arrival of firearms to the battlefield in the 16th century, buff coats, which could in some situations survive a broadsword cut, and very rarely
Buff_leather
Topics referred to by the same term
BUFF or buff in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Buff or BUFF may refer to: Buff (surname), a list of people Buff (nickname), a list of people Buff Bagwell
Buff
Medium-sized wild cat
It is characterised by a small head, large ears, a golden-yellow to buff coat spotted and striped with black, and a short, black-tipped tail. The serval
Serval
petticoat. Men wear full breeches and doublets, c. 1620. Army Clothing: Buff coat made of moose hide, and breeches made of wadmal with linen linings, worn
1600–1650_in_Western_fashion
into the early years of the 18th century, like Austrian cuirassiers with buff coats and lobster-tailed helmets or Hungarian warriors with mail armour and
Armour_in_the_18th_century
Jacket or vest that protects against shell fragments
(aramid-based) materials. Look up flak jacket in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Buff coat, an early modern era protective jacket; if several layers of leather were
Flak_jacket
U.S. state coat of arms
the coat of arms, as they had been for New York troops during and before the Civil War. The legislature changed the field of the flag from buff to blue
Coat_of_arms_of_New_York
Type of body armor worn around the neck
engravings, they were also commonly worn over civilian clothing or a buff coat. Some gorgets of this period were "parade" pieces that were beautifully
Gorget
Style of European boot
made of brown calfskin. Thigh high riding boots were first worn with buff coats by gentlemen and soldiers during the mid-Tudor period. By the reign of
Cavalier_boot
Burgonet with a long neck guard
cavalryman of the period, the harquebusier, would have worn the helmet with a buff coat, bridle-hand gauntlet and breastplate and backplate. It was also sometimes
Lobster-tailed_pot_helmet
Finnish light cavalry that served during the Thirty Years' War
armed with a broadsword and two wheellock pistols and protected by a buff coat and a pot helmet. A steel breastplate was often worn as well. They would
Hakkapeliitta
Spanish 16th century crested helmet
professional militaries. It was worn by pikemen, together with a breastplate and buff coat as they stood in phalanx-like pike and shot formations, protecting the
Morion_(helmet)
King of Sweden from 1611 to 1632
(normally worn by important officers at that time) was replaced by a buff coat made of moose hide, which would have serious consequences later. Among
Gustavus_Adolphus
Swedish soldiers of the Great Northern War
a carbine and two pistols. They also wore a steel breastplate and a buff coat. Each dragoon was equipped with a rapier, a musket (with bayonet), and
Caroleans
Military unit
protection in the event of a pike being broken in battle. Musketeers wear a buff coat and wide-brimmed black felt hat. They are armed with a match-lock muskets
Company of Pikemen and Musketeers
Company_of_Pikemen_and_Musketeers
Form of body armor that protects the torso from some projectiles
weapon. Most states do not have restrictions for non-felons. Brigandine Buff coat Dyneema Flak jacket Hauberk Jack of plate Mail (armour) Terminal ballistics
Bulletproof_vest
Army of Parliament and the Commonwealth of England (1645–60)
armoured cuirassiers. They wore a back-and-front breastplate over a buff leather coat, which itself gave some protection against sword cuts, and normally
New_Model_Army
1647 debates about British government
Robert Everard (identified on the first day of the Putney Debates as 'Buff Coat') and another New Agent from Col. Whalley's Regiment only identified as
Putney_Debates
English Parliamentarian (1591–1646)
a funeral effigy of the earl dressed in scarlet breeches, a military buff-coat and Parliamentary robes was erected beneath a catafalque designed by Inigo
Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex
Robert_Devereux,_3rd_Earl_of_Essex
King of Portugal from 1683 to 1706
II, King of Portugal, consisting of a cuirass, bridle-hand gauntlet, buff coat and 3-barred lobster tailed pot helmet. These are of very high quality
Peter_II_of_Portugal
Prominent member of the Restoration court
Frances Stewart wearing a buff coat by Jacob Huysmans
Frances Stewart, Duchess of Richmond
Frances_Stewart,_Duchess_of_Richmond
Highland Scottish clan
Worcester; and when the King's horse was shot, mounted him on his own, put his buff coat and a bloody scarf about him, and saw him safe out of the field. The fortunes
Clan_Forbes
American bulldog breed
large head and brachycephalic muzzle. The hair coat is short, typically colored white with black, blue, buff or brown patches, and its tail is kept un-docked
Alapaha_Blue_Blood_Bulldog
Country house in Wiltshire, England
April 2016. "Band of Brothers". Home Box Office. Retrieved 4 April 2016. "Buff coat (1630)". Royal Armouries. Retrieved 16 July 2022. Burke's Genealogical
Littlecote_House
Firefighting and rescue enthusiast
'fire buff' is said to go back to the beginning of the 20th century, when early fire buffs attended emergencies during winter time wearing fur coats, thus
Fire_buff
Auxiliary Military force in London
rather that they wore their ordinary clothes. The pikemen might purchase a buff coat for protection, but otherwise there was no uniformity. The colours in
London_Trained_Bands
Sleeveless upper-body garment
These may either match the colour of the morning coat or be in a contrasting colour, commonly buff, dove gray, or powder blue. The waistcoats worn with
Waistcoat
the Catholic Church since 8 May 2025. He adopted a modified version of the coat of arms and the same motto that he used during his time as a cardinal. The
Coat_of_arms_of_Pope_Leo_XIV
Italian revolutionary
attended by about twenty guards as ill-looking as himself. He wore a buff coat with sleeves of red velvet, and scarlet breeches, with a cap of cloth
Gennaro_Annese
U.S. state flag
The flag of Delaware consists of a buff-colored rhombus on a field of colonial blue, with the coat of arms of the state of Delaware inside the rhombus
Flag_of_Delaware
Buckram Bucks point lace Buckskin (leather) Buckskins Budenovka Buff coat Buffalo coat Buka cloak Bun (hairstyle) Bunad Bunny boots Bunny slippers Burgonet
Index_of_fashion_articles
Men's formal knee-length coat
A frock coat is a formal men's coat characterised by a knee-length skirt cut all around the base just above the knee, popular during the Victorian and
Frock_coat
Turkish breed of dog
breeders in the Ankara region; Zorba was a long-coated pinto-colored dog and Peki a short-coated buff-colored bitch. In the late 1960s Ballard returned
Kangal_Shepherd_Dog
and Leveller" identifies the two. The Leveller was a Trooper (called Buff-Coat while he remained anonymous) of the Lieutenant-General's Regiment, while
Robert_Everard
British Army infantry regiment from 1572 to 1961
'Holland Regiment' or "Buffs" after its coat facings. It was also sometimes called "The Old Buffs", to distinguish it from "The Young Buffs", the 31st Foot.
Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment)
Buffs_(Royal_East_Kent_Regiment)
Church in London, England
was said to have preached sermons at Leyton while wearing his military buff coat. The foundations of the medieval church building were uncovered in 1962
St_Mary's_Church,_Leyton
Scottish soldier
been hit by a bullet in the fight, but it was stopped by his belt and buff coat. Strachan was in such favour with the Kirk that they contributed one hundred
Archibald_Strachan
Auxiliary force of the British Army
throughout the country were directed to provide cavalry with a buff coat and infantry with a coat of one colour. In 1697 the Kent Militia (independent of the
Kent_Militia
Painting by Diego Velázquez
according to Simona Di Nepi. He is dressed in a gold-woven doublet, a buff coat and dark green breeches embellished with gold embroidery. The ensemble
Equestrian Portrait of Prince Balthasar Charles
Equestrian_Portrait_of_Prince_Balthasar_Charles
British breed of domestic chicken
breeders selecting for looks over utility. Buff cock White, barred and gold-laced hens Splash, blue and buff hens Lavender cock Black bantam hen Chocolate
Orpington_chicken
European coat of arms
Hungarian: Szász, Romanian: Saș, Ukrainian: Сас) is a Central European coat of arms. It was borne since the medieval period by several Transylvanian-Saxon
Sas_coat_of_arms
Uniforms of the army of Napoleon I
uniform of the soldiers of the train was made of a light blue-grey coat and buff breeches. The facings were dark blue for the artillery train or brown
Uniforms_of_the_Grande_Armée
"gentleman volunteer cuirassiers" were clad in full armour, in contrast to the buff coats and breastplate now favored by most cavalry regiments. This was still
James Gordon, 2nd Viscount Aboyne
James_Gordon,_2nd_Viscount_Aboyne
Blood component after centrifugation
sample, the buffy coat (so-called because it is usually buff in hue), contains most of the leukocytes and thrombocytes. The buffy coat is usually whitish
Buffy_coat
Military uniform used by British infantry since the 15th century
colours and distinctions to be borne by each regiment. The long coat worn with a white or buff-coloured waistcoat was discontinued in 1797 in favour of a tight-fitting
Red_coat_(military_uniform)
Breed of cat
apricot to deep red. Cream Point: body is a clear white, points are a pale buff cream to lightish pink. Seal Lynx Point: body is cream or pale fawn, points
Colorpoint_Shorthair
Biographical film by Antoine Fuqua
Lola Visual Effects. Louis Morin was the visual effects supervisor. Conrad Buff IV, Tom Cross, John Ottman and Harry Yoon edited the film. In January 2026
Michael_(2026_film)
Military unit
Buff and scarlet, colors traditionally associated with support organizations, are the primary colors of the unit. The coat of arms consists of a buff
225th Brigade Support Battalion
225th_Brigade_Support_Battalion
Discipline of the design and study of coats of arms
transmission of armorial bearings. A full heraldic achievement may include a coat of arms on a shield, helmet and crest, together with accompanying devices
Heraldry
U.S. state flag
Maine was adopted on February 23, 1909. Its design consists of the state's coat of arms on a blue field. In the center of a heraldic shield, a moose rests
Flag_of_Maine
Auxiliary unit of the British Army
wore blue coats with red stockings, buff belts and white scarves, the horse troopers wearing buff coats. The company flags were green. Red coats had become
Royal_Brecknockshire_Militia
Color
used in the London Gazette of 1686, describing a uniform to be "A Red Coat with a Buff-colour'd lining". The color desert sand may be regarded as a deep shade
Beige
British breed of duck
in 1896, and buff birds in 1897. In the twenty-first century only the buff is a recognised breed, and so may also be known as the Buff Orpington. It
Orpington_Duck
Dog breed
pigmented and rich in colour. The Toller should not be buff, brown, or beige, though some buff and sable tollers do appear in breeding lines. It is common
Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever
Nova_Scotia_Duck_Tolling_Retriever
military wore various armor such as rattan armor, lacquered leather, buff coats, padded jackets, and metal armor such as scale armour, lamellar, chainmail
Military_of_Champa
Scottish breed of cattle
and the Western Islands of Scotland and has long horns and a long shaggy coat. It is a hardy breed – often referred to as 'rustic' – able to withstand
Highland_cattle
Abrasive process for creating smooth finished surfaces
Polishing and buffing are finishing processes for smoothing a workpiece's surface using an abrasive and a work wheel or a leather strop. Technically,
Polishing_(metalworking)
Auxiliary unit of the British Army
company flags. In 1722–28 the Westminster Troop of Horse Militia wore buff coats and was mounted on black or brown horses. When they were embodied in 1778
Royal_Westminster_Militia
Varieties of the color brown
Dictionary, buff as a descriptor of a color was first used in the London Gazette of 1686, describing a uniform to be "A Red Coat with a Buff-colour'd lining"
Shades_of_brown
Auxiliary force of the British Army
yellow, and between 1803 and 1808 they changed again, to buff; the drummers wore buff coats with red facings. When the Worcestershire Regiment was formed
Worcestershire_Militia
Yellowish tan colour
colour is more commonly called "Isabella". List of colours Amber (color) Buff (color) Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page
Fawn_(colour)
2023 film by Elijah Bynum
on March 21, 2025. It was theatrically released in the United Kingdom by BUFF Studios, the distribution arm of the British Urban Film Festival, on December
Magazine_Dreams
Long-necked species of antelope
are clearly visible on the smooth coat: the reddish brown back or the "saddle", and the lighter flanks, fawn to buff. The horns, present only on males
Gerenuk
Canadian professional wrestler and model (1969–2021)
Melissa Lavinia Coates (June 18, 1969 – June 23, 2021) was a Canadian professional wrestler, bodybuilder, fitness model, and actress. She was best known
Melissa_Coates
2012. A new dasyurid marsupial from eastern Queensland, Australia: the Buff-footed Antechinus, Antechinus mysticus sp. nov. (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae)
List of mammals described in the 21st century
List_of_mammals_described_in_the_21st_century
U.S. state flag
the U.S. state of Pennsylvania consists of a blue field on which the state coat of arms is displayed. The state flag of Pennsylvania was established by an
Flag_of_Pennsylvania
Dog breed
face. In terms of color variants, some Malamutes exhibit a dark grey to buff-colored undertone around their trimmings and white areas, presenting with
Alaskan_Malamute
Asian mammal also known as a bearcat
hairs are typically dark in base colour, but with varying levels of white or buff specklage, sometimes resulting in a straw-coloured or grey binturong. The
Binturong
U.S. state flag
bearing the state's coat of arms in gold. In November they selected a design that measured 3 x 9 feet. It bore 4 stripes of red and buff, with a white canton
Flag_of_West_Virginia
Dog breed
a long tail. It is divided into short-haired and feathered species, etc. Coat colors include yellow, black, brown, white, and fawn red. The existing Xigou
Xigou
National personification of the United Kingdom
blue which, together with his buff or white breeches, can thus refer to a greater or lesser extent to the "blue and buff" scheme; this was used by supporters
John_Bull
flag was composed of the city seal superimposed on the state coat-of-arms in blue over a buff-colored background. From Common Council Proceedings, June 3
Flag_of_Buffalo,_New_York
Croatian hunting/carriage/coach dog breed
The Dalmatian is a breed of dog with a white coat marked with dark-coloured spots. Originally bred as a hunting dog, it was also used as a carriage dog
Dalmatian_dog
South American mammal (Potos flavus)
upper part of the coat and the upper side of the tail, while the underparts and the lower side of the tail have been observed to be buff, tawny, or brownish
Kinkajou
Dog breed
kink in it. The coat is usually short and smooth, characteristic of a warm-climate dog. Colors vary, and may include reddish ginger, buff, fawn, black-and-tan
Carolina_Dog
Metal, colour, or fur used in heraldic design
are distinguished, as copper in Cypriot and Canadian heraldry and buff (from buff leather) in American military heraldry. The five common colours in
Tincture_(heraldry)
Auxiliary force of the British Army
proportion of pikes. In 1722–28 the Westminster Troop of Horse Militia wore buff coats and was mounted on black or brown horses. When the Blewe Regiment was
Middlesex_Militia
Species of Old World monkey
coats of the juveniles and females are lighter, silvery white to light buff. The coat changes color seasonally, from white or cream coloured in the summer
Gee's_golden_langur
Manmade objects resembling pearls
plastic core coated with a pearlescent material. Roman pearl is an alabaster core coated with a pearlescent material. Shell pearl Cut, buffed, and sometimes
Imitation_pearl
the captains yellow or buff, and the subalterns green." Generals wore a sash diagonally across their shoulders between their coats and waistcoats. Brigadier
United States Army officer rank insignia
United_States_Army_officer_rank_insignia
Words about dogs
October, 2007 found the genetics that explain coat colors in other mammals such as in horse coats and in cat coats, did not apply to dogs. The project took
Canine_terminology
Formal Western dress code for day attire
formal Western dress code for day attire, consisting chiefly of a morning coat, waistcoat, and formal trousers for men, and an appropriate gown for women
Morning_dress
Scottish breed of cattle
that causes dun and silver dun in Highland cattle. The coat is double: a long coarse outer coat gives protection from rain, and a fine soft undercoat keeps
Belted_Galloway
American Television Series (1961-1966)
Fred and Egan come by to pick up George. It seems Egan is an antique car buff and when he sees Hazel's car, he insists on taking a drive in it. George
List_of_Hazel_episodes
Fair Competition for the Buffing and Polishing Composition Industry November 4, 1933 374 6398 Code of Fair Competition for the Buff and Polishing Wheel Industry
List of executive actions by Franklin D. Roosevelt
List_of_executive_actions_by_Franklin_D._Roosevelt
Gene for several horse coat colors
from pale buff to pale chocolatey-gray. Even though the coat is black-based, the mane and tail tend to be darker. Gold cream: chestnut-based coat with one
Cream_gene
College of the University of Cambridge
the colours grey and dark red, although they were at one time 'blue and buff', with blue remaining the principal colour of some sporting blazers right
Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge
Fitzwilliam_College,_Cambridge
Breed of sheep
Ducks Abacot Ranger Aylesbury Orpington Khaki Campbell Magpie Rouen Shetland Silver Appleyard Welsh Harlequin Geese Brecon Buff Shetland West of England
Norfolk_Horn
Heir apparent to the British throne (born 1982)
Retrieved 18 September 2016. "Prince William captures the attention of fans with buff look at New York's Billion Oyster project". The New Zealand Herald. 19 September
William,_Prince_of_Wales
Sheep breed
Ducks Abacot Ranger Aylesbury Orpington Khaki Campbell Magpie Rouen Shetland Silver Appleyard Welsh Harlequin Geese Brecon Buff Shetland West of England
North_Country_Cheviot
2025 music award ceremony
University Chorale) (A) Best Immersive Audio Album I/O (In-Side Mix) Hans-Martin Buff, immersive mix engineer; Peter Gabriel, immersive producer (Peter Gabriel)
67th_Annual_Grammy_Awards
British fraternal organization
the former British Empire and elsewhere in the world. It is known as the "Buffs" to members. Buffalo Lodges have existed widely throughout the former British
Royal Antediluvian Order of Buffaloes
Royal_Antediluvian_Order_of_Buffaloes
Allele responsible for several horse coat colors
otherwise-bay coat affected by both the champagne gene and dun gene. The mane and tail and primitive markings are warm chocolate brown with a buff tan-colored
Champagne_gene
Extinct breed of pig
The Lincolnshire Curly Coat or Lincolnshire Curly-coated, also known as the Baston Pig, is an extinct British breed of domestic pig. It originated in
Lincolnshire_Curly_Coat
Military dress
ceremonial uniforms to combat dress (with full dress uniform and frock coats listed in addition). Uniforms in the British Army are specific to the regiment
Uniforms_of_the_British_Army
BUFF COAT
BUFF COAT
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Rolfe.German : variant spelling of Ruf.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Bluff master
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a maker and seller of gloves or a nickname for a wearer of particularly fine gloves, from Middle English cuffe ‘glove’ (of uncertain origin; attested in this sense from the 14th century, with the modern meaning first in the 16th century).Irish : Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Dhuibh, a variant of Mac Duibh ‘son of the black one’ (see Duff).Irish : approximate translation of Gaelic Ó DoirnÃn (see Dornan).Cornish : nickname from Cornish cuf ‘dear’, ‘kind’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Brough.
Boy/Male
British, Celtic, English, Irish
A Broken Hill; Bluff; Headland
Girl/Female
American, British, Christian, English, Hawaiian, Hebrew
God's Promise; Beaver-stream; Form of Elizabeth; God's Oath
Female
English
Pet form of English Elizabeth, BUFFY means "God is my oath."
Male
English
Originally an American English boxing term, this name was later used as a byname for a tough-guy. Finally it transferred to a forename, and it still carries the same original BIFF means, "a blow with the fist."
Boy/Male
French
Red haired.
Surname or Lastname
German
German : nickname for a violent, aggressive person, from Middle High German buf ‘push’, ‘shove’.German : from the Old German personal name Bodo or the compound name Bodefrit, containing the Old High German element buitan ‘to bid or order’ or boto ‘messenger’.English : of uncertain derivation; possibly a nickname, either variant of Boff 1, or alternatively from Old French buf(f)e ‘blow’, ‘slap in the face’. Compare Buffin.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a variant of Tuft.
Male
English
 Short form of English Duffy, DUFF means "black peace." Compare with another form of Duff.
Male
Scottish
 Scottish name derived from the Gaelic byname dùbh, DUFF means "black, dark." Compare with another form of Duff.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Old French boeuf ‘bull’, a nickname for a powerfully built man. In some cases it may have been originally a metonymic occupational name for a herdsman. Compare Bouvier.German (Böff) : from the short form of a Germanic personal name with bod- (Old Saxon bodo ‘messenger’), as in Bodo.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Maw 2.South German : nickname for a sulky or surly person, from Middle High German muff, mupf ‘pout’, ‘drooping mouth’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived by a spur of a hill, Old English hÅh (literally, ‘heel’).German : from the Germanic personal name Hufo, a short form of a compound name formed with hug ‘heart’, ‘mind’, ‘spirit’ as the first element.
Boy/Male
Australian, British, Christian, English, Gaelic, Indian, Irish, Scottish
Baker; Swarthy; Dark; Black; Dark Faced
Boy/Male
Scottish Gaelic Celtic
Black.
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, and Irish
English, Scottish, and Irish : variant of Love 1–3.Dutch : from Luffo, a pet form a personal name such as Ludolph.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Bluff master
BUFF COAT
BUFF COAT
Girl/Female
Tamil
Noise, Sound
Girl/Female
Tamil
Peetashma | பிதாஷமாஂ
Topaz
Male
Celtic
, Sacred Mouth.
Girl/Female
Persian Muslim
Silver.
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish
English and Irish : from a pet form of the personal name Andrew. The surname has been in Ireland since the 14th century, especially in County Meath.
Boy/Male
Latin
Good luck.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Schemer
Girl/Female
Australian, Latin
Elevated; Lofty
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Lord of Happiness; Warrior of Peace
Female
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Greek Margarites, MARGARÉTA means "pearl."
BUFF COAT
BUFF COAT
BUFF COAT
BUFF COAT
BUFF COAT
n.
An act of bluffing; an expression of self-confidence for the purpose of intimidation; braggadocio; as, that is only bluff, or a bluff.
a.
Of the color of buff.
v. t.
To swell; to enlarge; to puff up; as, huffed up with air.
v. t.
To polish with a buff. See Buff, n., 5.
n.
A stiff flour pudding, boiled in a bag; -- a term used especially by seamen; as, plum duff.
a.
Resembling, or characterized by, buff.
a.
The bare skin; as, to strip to the buff.
v. t. & i.
To puff.
a.
Made of buff leather.
v. t.
To drive with a puff, or with puffs.
n.
The color of buff; a light yellow, shading toward pink, gray, or brown.
n.
The grayish viscid substance constituting the buffy coat. See Buffy coat, under Buffy, a.
v. i.
To act as in the game of bluff.
n.
A military coat, made of buff leather.
n.
A buffet; a blow; -- obsolete except in the phrase "Blindman's buff."
a.
Having a broad, flattened front; as, the bluff bows of a ship.
v. t.
To beat with the ruff or ruffle, as a drum.
a.
A wheel covered with buff leather, and used in polishing cutlery, spoons, etc.
n.
A variety of the domestic pigeon, having a ruff of its neck.
a.
Abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque; as, a bluff answer; a bluff manner of talking; a bluff sea captain.