Search references for BODY SNATCHING. Phrases containing BODY SNATCHING
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Secret removal of corpses from burial sites
Body snatching is the illicit removal of corpses from graves, morgues, and other burial sites. Body snatching is distinct from the act of grave robbery
Body_snatching
1956 horror film directed by Don Siegel
Invasion of the Body Snatchers is a 1956 American science-fiction horror film directed by Don Siegel and produced by Walter Wanger. It is adapted by Daniel
Invasion of the Body Snatchers
Invasion_of_the_Body_Snatchers
1954 science fiction novel by Jack Finney
The Body Snatchers is a science fiction horror novel by American writer Jack Finney, originally serialized in Collier's magazine in November–December 1954
The_Body_Snatchers
1978 film by Philip Kaufman
Invasion of the Body Snatchers is a 1978 American science-fiction psychological horror film directed by Philip Kaufman, written by W. D. Richter, and starring
Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1978 film)
Invasion_of_the_Body_Snatchers_(1978_film)
1884 short story by Robert Louis Stevenson
"The Body Snatcher" is a short story by the Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson. First published in The Pall Mall Gazette in December 1884, its characters
The_Body_Snatcher
1993 American film by Abel Ferrara
Body Snatchers is a 1993 American science fiction horror film directed by Abel Ferrara and starring Gabrielle Anwar, Billy Wirth, Terry Kinney, Meg Tilly
Body_Snatchers_(1993_film)
Dead human body
body snatching was performed by four medical students who were arrested in 1319[citation needed] for grave-robbing. In the 1700s most body snatchers were
Cadaver
Fictional parasitic aliens
(also known as body snatchers) is the colloquial term for a species of plant-like aliens featured in the 1954 novel The Body Snatchers by Jack Finney
Pod People (Invasion of the Body Snatchers)
Pod_People_(Invasion_of_the_Body_Snatchers)
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up body snatcher in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Body snatcher or The Body Snatcher may refer to: Body-snatcher, a person who secretly exhumes
Body Snatcher (disambiguation)
Body_Snatcher_(disambiguation)
Bogeymen of African American folklore
common being graverobbing (or body snatching) of impoverished communities; other doctors would pay slave owners for the bodies of deceased slaves. For many
Night_Doctors
1945 horror film directed by Robert Wise
The Body Snatcher is a 1945 American horror film directed by Robert Wise, based on the 1884 short story of the same name by Robert Louis Stevenson. Philip
The_Body_Snatcher_(1945_film)
Village in Scottish Borders, Scotland
platform and goods shed remain intact. Edrom was notable as the site of Body snatching which resulted in a riot in Duns. George Buchan of Kelloe (1775–1856)
Edrom
American murderer and body snatcher (1906–1984)
October 3, 2025. Biography portal Anatoly Moskvin – Russian body snatcher Body snatching – Secret removal of corpses from burial sites Carl Tanzler –
Ed_Gein
1968 film directed by Hajime Sato
Goké, Body Snatcher from Hell (Japanese: 吸血鬼ゴケミドロ, Hepburn: Kyūketsuki Gokemidoro; lit. 'Vampire Gokemidoro') is a 1968 Japanese science fiction horror
Goke,_Body_Snatcher_from_Hell
1957 Mexican horror film
The Body Snatcher (Spanish: Ladrón de Cadáveres, lit. 'Corpse Thief'), is a 1957 Mexican horror film directed by Fernando Mendez who also co-wrote the
The_Body_Snatcher_(1957_film)
American politician (1804–1878)
States of America. The Author. p. 78. Retrieved November 8, 2023. "A body-snatching horror". The Ottawa Free Trader. June 8, 1878. p. 2. Retrieved October
John_Scott_Harrison
Act of vandalism to dishonour the dead
theft, or destruction in places where humans are interred, such as body snatching or grave robbing. It has long been considered taboo to desecrate or
Grave_desecration
Contraption for protecting graves
fear felt by many people, leading to more measures to fight against body-snatching. The mortsafe was invented in the early 19th century. These were iron
Mortsafe
2007 American film by Oliver Hirschbiegel
Squires, John (November 7, 2024). "'The Invasion' – Arrow Video Brings Body Snatching Movie Starring Nicole Kidman to 4K". Bloody Disgusting. Retrieved November
The_Invasion_(film)
Theory to explain the empty tomb of Jesus
The stolen body hypothesis posits that the body of Jesus Christ was stolen from his burial place. It theorises that his tomb was found empty not because
Stolen_body_hypothesis
1828 series of killings in Edinburgh, Scotland
foundlings and orphans. The shortage of corpses led to an increase in body snatching by what were known as "resurrection men". Measures to ensure graves
Burke_and_Hare_murders
American con artist and serial killer (1861–1896)
instructor, and the two were said to have been engaged in facilitating body snatching to supply medical cadavers. Holmes had apprenticed in New Hampshire
H._H._Holmes
American film director (born 1951)
has worked in a wide array of genres, including the sci-fi adaptation Body Snatchers (1993), cyberpunk thriller New Rose Hotel (1998), the religious drama
Abel_Ferrara
Defunct human tissue recovery firm
Daily News Boss of notorious body snatching ring gets 54 years for harvesting, March 19, 2008 BBC Plea deal in US body parts case, January 16, 2008 Associated
Biomedical_Tissue_Services
American physician (1786–1845)
doctor, writer and academic. He gained notoriety for being convicted of body snatching, and later went on to become a professor. Thomas Sewall was born on
Thomas_Sewall
Occupation
body snatching was a common way of acquiring bodies for research up until the 20th century, modern body brokers usually receive cadavers via body donation
Body_broker
People employed to exhume bodies during the 18th and 19th centuries
of the Body-Snatchers", Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, vol. 55, pp. 221–229 Shultz, Suzanne M. (2005), Body Snatching, McFarland
Resurrectionists in the United Kingdom
Resurrectionists_in_the_United_Kingdom
Act of uncovering a tomb or crypt to steal artifacts or personal effects
or personal property. A related act is body snatching, a term denoting the contested or unlawful taking of a body (usually from a grave), which can be extended
Grave_robbery
American actor (1914–2010)
as the male lead in the horror science fiction film Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956). Following several television guest roles, McCarthy gave his
Kevin_McCarthy_(actor)
Group of criminal body snatchers in early 1800s London
The London Burkers were a group of body snatchers operating in London, England, who apparently modeled their activities on the notorious Burke and Hare
London_Burkers
Scottish physician, anatomist, geologist and ethnologist (1791–1862)
consequence, body-snatching became so prevalent that it was not unusual for relatives and friends of someone who had just died to watch over the body until burial
Robert_Knox_(surgeon)
Russian ethnographer and linguist (born 1966)
nine dolls replicating those made by Anatoly Moskvin. Andrey Chikatilo Body snatching Burke and Hare murders Carl Tanzler Ed Gein Grave robbery Kashin, Oleg
Anatoly_Moskvin
was a body snatcher. He was active from 1855 to 1871. Cunningham was described by the physicians who worked with him as an expert in body snatching. To
William Cunningham (body snatcher)
William_Cunningham_(body_snatcher)
1998 American science fiction horror film
Political Paranoia About Nazis, Communists, Saboteurs, Terrorists and Body Snatching Aliens in Film and Television. McFarland. ISBN 9780786462254. West,
The_Faculty
2006 video game
review aggregator Metacritic. GameZone stated that "the new weapons and body snatching ability just add more fun to a game with huge open worlds and the plentiful
Destroy_All_Humans!_2
American actor (1922–1984)
Benny Program, along with minor roles in films such as Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956) and Alfred Hitchcock's The Birds (1963). Deacon often portrayed
Richard_Deacon_(actor)
Cutting procedure used in anatomy
thriving black market arose in cadavers and body parts, leading to the creation of the profession of body snatching, and the infamous Burke and Hare murders
Dissection
British actress (born 1949)
transition into mainstream, mature roles with 1978's Invasion of the Body Snatchers. She played Lambert in the science-fiction horror film Alien, which
Veronica_Cartwright
Systematic coercive persuasion
Political paranoia about Nazis, Communists, Saboteurs, Terrorists and Body Snatching Aliens in Film and Television. McFarland. Seed, David (2004). Brainwashing:
Brainwashing
towards deceased persons: Body snatching is the secret removal of corpses from burial sites. A common purpose of body snatching, especially in the 19th
List of practices considered disrespectful towards deceased persons
List_of_practices_considered_disrespectful_towards_deceased_persons
American actress (born 1949)
known for her film roles in Days of Heaven (1978), Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1978) and The Dead Zone (1983). Adams was born on February 8, 1949
Brooke_Adams_(actress)
Undead being from Haitian folklore and horror fiction
a theme also explored in the novel The Body Snatchers (1954) and associated film Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956). Many also feel that zombies allow
Zombie
Scottish anatomist
Moir (1806–1844) was a 19th-century Scottish anatomist linked to the body-snatching scandal which swept Scotland in the late 18th and early 19th century
Andrew_Moir_(anatomist)
1988 adventure game directed by Hideo Kojima
films, like Blade Runner, Akira, The Terminator, and Invasion of the Body Snatchers. Development on the PC versions took more than twice as long as the
Snatcher_(video_game)
Preserved brain of the scientist
The brain of Albert Einstein has been a subject of much research and speculation. Albert Einstein's brain was removed shortly after his death. His apparent
Brain_of_Albert_Einstein
German-born English actress (1931–2011)
1950s. One of her best-known film performances was in Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956). A tall, dark, elegant beauty, she played both victim and villain
Dana_Wynter
History. London: Pan Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-33043-857-5. Levinson, David. "body-snatching". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2024-10-06. Derickson, Alan (1998)
List_of_obsolete_occupations
2024 South Korean television series
(Korean: 기생수: 더 그레이) is a 2024 South Korean science fiction horror body snatcher television series directed and co-written by Yeon Sang-ho. The series
Parasyte:_The_Grey
American film
short film that purports to serve as a tutorial on grave robbing and body snatching, most likely created in the late 1980s or early 1990s. The film has
Grave_Robbing_for_Morons
1788 riot in New York City
1788: Body Snatching, Bloodletting, and Anatomy in America. Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1493088065. Nelson, Scott (Spring 2015). "Snatching Bodies" (PDF)
1788_doctors'_riot
British actor (1958–2023)
2017. Retrieved 28 June 2023. Canby, Vincent (4 October 1985). "Film: Body Snatching in 'Doctor and the Devils'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved
Julian_Sands
British actress (born 1970)
Al Pacino in the 1992 film Scent of a Woman, and for the 1993 films Body Snatchers and For Love or Money. Anwar was born in Laleham, Surrey, west of central
Gabrielle_Anwar
American actor (active 1977–2017)
Political Paranoia About Nazis, Communists, Saboteurs, Terrorists and Body Snatching Aliens in Film and Television. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-6225-4. Hammond
Joseph_Badalucco_Jr.
American actor and musician (born 1952)
(1977). He gained wider attention for his roles in Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1978), The Big Chill (1983), and The Fly (1986). Since then, he has
Jeff_Goldblum
American filmmaker (1912–1991)
loners". Siegel directed the science fiction horror film Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956), as well as five films with Clint Eastwood, including the action
Don_Siegel
2025 shooting in the Hebron Hills
Palestinian detainees were also released on August 7. At the same time of the body snatching, Judge Chavi Toker from the Jerusalem Magistrates Court (the first Haredi
Killing_of_Awdah_Hathaleen
Body snatching and organ trafficking scandal
School, had access to bodies willed by their owners for academic research. While working at the school, he allegedly sold human body parts on the internet
Harvard_morgue_case
Canadian actor (1935–2024)
Locust (1975), 1900 (1976), Fellini's Casanova (1976), Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1978), Ordinary People (1980), The Eye of the Needle (1981), A Dry
Donald_Sutherland
French opera singer (1673–1707)
uncovered. D'Aubigny was charged in absentia—as a male—with kidnapping, body snatching, arson, and failing to appear before the tribunal and sentenced to death
Julie_d'Aubigny
American science fiction TV series
television series The Twilight Zone and the 1956 film Invasion of the Body Snatchers in depicting the assimilated humans. Several critics noted the series'
Pluribus_(TV_series)
Traffic of Dead Bodies: Anatomy and Embodied Social Identity in Nineteenth-century America ISBN 0-691-05925-X Shultz, S. M. (1992). Body Snatching: The Robbing
History of anatomy in the 19th century
History_of_anatomy_in_the_19th_century
First Lady of Argentina from 1946 to 1952
succeeded him, and had Eva Perón's body returned to Argentina to be displayed beside Juan Perón's body. Once Eva Perón's body had arrived in Argentina, Montoneros
Eva_Perón
American-Canadian actress and writer (born 1960)
Normal (1992) with Christine Lahti, as well as the 1993 horror film Body Snatchers. After this, she stopped acting for the next 15 years. Tilly returned
Meg_Tilly
Remains of Mark the Evangelist
of Baramuda, Nisan 27, in the reign of Tiberius, and it is said that [his body] was still buried in the eastern church on the shore of Alexandria up to
Saint_Mark's_relics
British boxer (born 2004)
RingMagazine.com. 31 July 2025. Retrieved 1 August 2025. "Itauma vs Whyte: 'Body Snatcher' looks trim as he weighs lightest in 10 years". BBC Sport. 15 August
Moses_Itauma
Vodou priest or priestess
dispense with this explanation, and have the bokor raise zombies from dead bodies whose souls have departed.[failed verification] Also, bokors are said to
Bokor
American film director and screenwriter
Wanderers (1979), Rising Sun (1993), the remake of Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1978), Henry & June (1990), and Quills (2000). His film The Right Stuff
Philip_Kaufman
2023 American supernatural drama television series
grounds. List also portrays Janet Hamilton when Janet is inhabiting Maddie's body. Kristian Ventura as Simon Elroy, Maddie's best friend in high school and
School Spirits (2023 TV series)
School_Spirits_(2023_TV_series)
medical training. As a result, body-snatching and even anatomy murder were practiced to obtain cadavers. 'Body snatching' was the act of sneaking into
History_of_anatomy
1969 British film by Gerry Levy
Maurice Evans. Two investigators uncover an alien plot to steal bodies of earthlings by snatching them out of the air. When British paratroopers disappear in
The_Body_Stealers
List of Donald Sutherland works
The Eagle Has Landed (1976), Animal House (1978), Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1978), The First Great Train Robbery (1978), Ordinary People (1980)
Donald_Sutherland_filmography
American actor (1948–1989)
Political Paranoia About Nazis, Communists, Saboteurs, Terrorists and Body Snatching Aliens in Film and Television. McFarland & Company. p. 189. ISBN 978-0786446483
Trey_Wilson
Death of musician by overdose
pair had been hired by the Parsons family, Western Airlines released the body to them. They then took it to Joshua Tree and set it on fire. The burning
Death_of_Gram_Parsons
Apostle of Jesus
Venetian merchants with the help of two Greek monks take Mark the Evangelist's body to Venice, by Tintoretto Mark the Evangelist listening to the winged lion
Mark_the_Evangelist
Body part of Napoleon
doctor conducting the autopsy, cut his penis off, along with several other body parts. It is unclear whether the cut was intentional or accidental. Some
Napoleon's_penis
2025 season of television series
production. The series explores the life of convicted murderer and body snatcher Ed Gein through allusions to fictional cultural works inspired by his
Monster:_The_Ed_Gein_Story
Series of US government research studies
often of prime importance, and if anybody knows how to do a good job of body snatching, they will really be serving their country." This led to over 1,500
Project_SUNSHINE
1974 film by Mel Brooks
Young Frankenstein is a 1974 American comedy horror film directed by Mel Brooks. The screenplay was co-written by Brooks and Gene Wilder. Wilder also starred
Young_Frankenstein
English actor and filmmaker (1889–1977)
obsession". The actress Minnie Maddern Fiske wrote that "a constantly increasing body of cultured, artistic people are beginning to regard the young English buffoon
Charlie_Chaplin
British journalist (born 1964)
writer and contributing editor for Phenomena magazine. His 2005 book, Body Snatchers in the Desert: The Horrible Truth at the Heart of the Roswell Story
Nick_Redfern
American actress (1930–1983)
Best Supporting Actress. In 1956, Jones appeared in Invasion of the Body Snatchers and Alfred Hitchcock's The Man Who Knew Too Much, a remake of one of
Carolyn_Jones
Church in Stirling, Scotland
The old graveyard contains a unique stone with a carved depiction of body-snatching, marking the theft of Mary Stevenson (1767–1822) by James McNab, the
Church_of_the_Holy_Rude
German-born American radiology technologist and erotomaniac
death. In 1933, almost two years after her death, Tanzler removed Hoyos' body from its tomb and lived with the corpse at his home for seven years until
Carl_Tanzler
2007 American film
Political Paranoia About Nazis, Communists, Saboteurs, Terrorists and Body Snatching Aliens in Film and Television. McFarland. pp. 132–133. ISBN 9780786462254
Invasion_of_the_Pod_People
Private university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US
stealing bodies and selling them to Jefferson Medical College at the rate of $8 a body. After the arrests, it was determined that the body snatching had been
Thomas_Jefferson_University
American philosopher and author (1737–1809)
He appears in the Town Book as a member of the Court Leet, the governing body for the town. He was also a member of the parish vestry, an influential local
Thomas_Paine
Italian financier (1907–2000)
March 2001). "Body snatching in Italy still a mystery". Herald Journal. Rome. AP. Retrieved 25 April 2013. "Man arrested in case of stolen body". Associated
Enrico_Cuccia
Step in viral RNA transcription
shorter strand. In the influenza virus, cap snatching occurs in the nucleus of the cell. The cap snatching endonuclease function is contained in the PA
Cap_snatching
American author (1911–1995)
His best-known works are science fiction and thrillers, including The Body Snatchers and Time and Again. Themes that persisted throughout his career were
Jack_Finney
British-American journalist and broadcaster (1908–2004)
August 2007. "Plea deal in US body parts case". BBC News. 16 January 2008. Retrieved 23 April 2010. "Mastermind of body parts scheme sentenced to prison"
Alistair_Cooke
2026 animated film
also stating: "[It] almost seems like these talented artists have been body-snatched." Clint Worthington of RogerEbert.com gave it one and a half out of
The_Super_Mario_Galaxy_Movie
Antipope from 1394 to 1423
as bishop of Majorca. Benedict XIII was buried in Peníscola castle. His body was later moved to Illueca; but during the War of the Spanish Succession
Antipope_Benedict_XIII
Japanese supernatural entity
regional folklore collected during the modern period, the kasha as body snatching yōkai that steal corpses from funeral services or cemeteries are ubiquitous
Kasha_(folklore)
Nazi art theft
cultural heritage by the Islamic State Destroyed libraries Grave robbery Body snatching Landmarks destroyed or damaged by climate change Museums destroyed by
Art theft and looting during World War II
Art_theft_and_looting_during_World_War_II
1930s crime in Finland
but then was forgotten until 18 September 1931, when more mutilated human body parts—several hands, feet, fingers, hair, and a head—were found in the same
Tattarisuo_case
American medical technology company
case involving the body snatching activities of Michael Mastromarino and other organizations supplying RTI with human tissue and body parts. The suit would
RTI_Surgical
2000 film by Guy Ritchie
Snatch is a 2000 British crime comedy film written and directed by Guy Ritchie, featuring an ensemble cast and set in the London criminal underworld. The
Snatch_(film)
Criminal proceeding involving an absent defendant
d'Aubigny, 17th-century French duelist charged with kidnapping, arson and body snatching in absentia. Muhammad Zaidan (aka. Abu Abbas), leader of the Palestinian
Trial_in_absentia
2015 internet controversy
From 2015 to 2016, a controversy occurred on Facebook and Tumblr concerning Ender Darling (born 1990 or 1991), a self-identified witch who took human bones
Boneghazi
American film producer (1932–2018)
producer of such films as Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1978), Bad Boys (1983), Colors (1988), Body Snatchers (1993) and Blue Sky (1994). Solo was born
Robert_H._Solo
BODY SNATCHING
BODY SNATCHING
Boy/Male
Celtic American Gaelic Scottish
Blond.
Male
Scottish
Scottish surname transferred to forename use, BOYD means "yellow," as in yellow-haired.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Body.
Boy/Male
English American
Cushion; helpful.
Male
English
Variant spelling of English unisex Cody, KODY means "helper."
Boy/Male
Celtic
Blond.
Boy/Male
French
Bow strength. Famous Bearer: late U.S. film star Humphrey Bogart.
Boy/Male
English
Boy.
Boy/Male
Hungarian
God bless the King.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Awakening, Perception
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Cushion
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Body.Possibly also an altered spelling of Hungarian Bódi (see Bodi).
Boy/Male
Scottish American Irish Russian
Second son.
Female
English
Pet form of English Judith, JODY means "Jewess" or "praised." Compare with masculine Jody.Â
Male
Irish
Irish surname transferred to forename use, BRODY means "ditch."Â
Boy/Male
English American
Nickname for Joseph and Jude.
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Herald
Male
English
Pet form of English Joseph, JODY means "(God) shall add (another son)." Compare with feminine Jody.
Boy/Male
Irish American English
Helpful.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Middle English body, Old English bodig ‘body’, ‘trunk’, presumably denoting a corpulent person. In Middle English the word was also used in the sense ‘individual’, ‘person’.English : occupational name for a messenger, Middle English bode (Old English boda; compare Bothe), with the spelling altered to preserve a disyllabic pronunciation. This development can be clearly traced in Sussex.French : variant of Bodin.Hungarian (Bódy) : variant of Bódi (see Bodi).
BODY SNATCHING
BODY SNATCHING
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Good Intentions Rewarded with God's Grace
Boy/Male
Tamil
A person who can spread Love and Joy
Girl/Female
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
A Holy River in Ayodhya; Goddess Lakshmi; Wind
Boy/Male
Muslim
Given, Granted long life (1)
Girl/Female
Indian
Goddess Parvati
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
The Happiness of Family; Khushali
Boy/Male
English American
From the cottages in the wood.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Telugu
Goddess Laxmi / Parvati
Girl/Female
Hindu
Sting, Charm
Boy/Male
Hindu
The best
BODY SNATCHING
BODY SNATCHING
BODY SNATCHING
BODY SNATCHING
BODY SNATCHING
n.
A figure that has length, breadth, and thickness; any solid figure.
a.
Fashionable.
n.
The trunk, or main part, of a person or animal, as distinguished from the limbs and head; the main, central, or principal part, as of a tree, army, country, etc.
n.
That part of a garment covering the body, as distinguished from the parts covering the limbs.
n.
The bed or box of a vehicle, on or in which the load is placed; as, a wagon body; a cart body.
n.
A number of things or particulars embodied in a system; a general collection; as, a great body of facts; a body of laws or of divinity.
n.
Any one of several species of small insectivorous West Indian birds of the genus Todus. They are allied to the kingfishers.
n.
The shank of a type, or the depth of the shank (by which the size is indicated); as, a nonpareil face on an agate body.
n.
The material organized substance of an animal, whether living or dead, as distinguished from the spirit, or vital principle; the physical person.
n.
Consistency; thickness; substance; strength; as, this color has body; wine of a good body.
v. t.
To act as a boy; -- in allusion to the former practice of boys acting women's parts on the stage.
n.
See Body cavity, under Body.
n.
Any mass or portion of matter; any substance distinct from others; as, a metallic body; a moving body; an aeriform body.
n.
Amount; quantity; extent.
v. t.
To furnish with, or as with, a body; to produce in definite shape; to embody.
n.
A person; a human being; -- frequently in composition; as, anybody, nobody.
n.
A number of individuals spoken of collectively, usually as united by some common tie, or as organized for some purpose; a collective whole or totality; a corporation; as, a legislative body; a clerical body.
a.
Ruddy.
n.
The real, as opposed to the symbolical; the substance, as opposed to the shadow.