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Subgroup of phyllosilicate minerals within the trioctahedral mica group
Biotite is a common group of phyllosilicate minerals within the mica group, with the approximate chemical formula K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(F,OH)2. It is primarily
Biotite
Type of igneous rock
somewhat equigranular matrix of feldspar and quartz with scattered darker biotite mica and amphibole (often hornblende) peppering the lighter color minerals
Granite
Garnet-biotite geothermometry is a method used to evaluate the peak temperature at which metamorphic rocks have formed. Geothermometry makes up one component
Garnet-biotite_geothermometry
Common high-grade metamorphic rock
also be named after a characteristic component such as garnet gneiss, biotite gneiss, albite gneiss, and so forth. Orthogneiss designates a gneiss derived
Gneiss
Type of coarse grained intrusive igneous rock
mineral components. Amphiboles (often in the form of hornblende), and biotite are more abundant in granodiorite than in granite, giving it a more distinct
Granodiorite
Hydrous phyllosilicate mineral
effect. Vermiculite forms by the weathering or hydrothermal alteration of biotite or phlogopite. Large commercial vermiculite mines exist in the United States
Vermiculite
Igneous rock
feldspar-plagioclase-feldspathoid (QAPF) content of the rock. Amphiboles and biotite are common in lesser quantities, while accessory minerals include apatite
Tonalite
Group of metamorphic rocks
Clays, sedimentary slates and shales yield biotite hornfels in which the most conspicuous mineral is biotite mica, the small scales of which are transparent
Hornfels
Igneous rock
mafic minerals, when present, are magnetite and an iron-rich variety of biotite (lepidomelane). The rock was named after its occurrence at Litchfield,
Litchfieldite
Earth's highest mountain
Formation consists chiefly of biotite-quartz phyllite and chlorite-biotite phyllite intercalated with minor amounts of biotite-sericite-quartz schist. Between
Mount_Everest
Volcanic rock intermediate in composition between andesite and rhyolite
(rhyolites). Dacite consists mostly of plagioclase feldspar and quartz with biotite, hornblende, and pyroxene (augite or enstatite). The quartz appears as
Dacite
Tendency of crystalline materials to split along favored planes
only one cleavage plane. Talc has basal cleavage. Mica (like muscovite or biotite) also has basal cleavage; this is why mica can be peeled into thin sheets
Cleavage_(crystal)
Rock consolidated from volcanic ash
pumiceous, glassy fragments and small scoriae with quartz, alkali feldspar, biotite, etc. Iceland, Lipari, Hungary, the Basin and Range of the American southwest
Tuff
Mica mineral in the biotite subgroup
known as magnesium mica. Phlogopite is the magnesium endmember of the biotite solid solution series, with the chemical formula KMg3AlSi3O10(F,OH)2. Iron
Phlogopite
Type of ultrapotassic igneous rock
igneous rocks which have primary mineralogy consisting of amphibole or biotite, and with feldspar in the groundmass. Lamprophyres are not amenable to
Lamprophyre
Science that applies chemistry to analyze geological systems
crystals of hornblende and biotite may be found in great numbers partially converted into augite and magnetite. Hornblende and biotite were stable under the
Geochemistry
include biotite (and the magnesium end-member phlogopite) and muscovite. Smith College - Geology 222b - Petrology - Petrographic Data File - Biotite Archived
Bird's_eye_extinction
Rock's chemical alteration geological process
rock, caused by iron and magnesium bearing hydrothermal fluids, altering biotite or amphibole within the rock groundmass. It typically results in epidote–chlorite–albite
Propylitic_alteration
Order of crystallization of minerals in magma
minerals) High (1200°C) Olivine Plagioclase (Calcium rich) Pyroxene Amphibole Biotite (Black Mica) Plagioclase (Sodium rich) Relative Crystallization Temperature
Bowen's_reaction_series
Group of phyllosilicate minerals
as a secondary mineral, formed by alteration of mafic minerals such as biotite, hornblende, pyroxene, or garnet. The glassy rims of pillow basalt on the
Chlorite_group
Group of phyllosilicate minerals
brittle mica. Muscovite Paragonite Brittle micas: Margarite Common micas: Biotite Lepidolite Phlogopite Zinnwaldite Brittle micas: Clintonite Very fine-grained
Mica
Iron-rich end member of the chlorite group
a product of the hydrothermal alteration of pyroxenes, amphiboles and biotite in igneous rock. The composition of chlorite is often related to that of
Chamosite
World's most recent supereruption, of Taupō Volcano, New Zealand
initial two phases of the eruption having contributions from a leak of biotite-bearing rhyolite, presumably along dykes at more than 2 km (1.2 mi) depth
Oruanui_eruption
State park in North Carolina, United States
Ordovician-Silurian, biotite-granite-gneiss. The Henderson Gneiss is a medium- to coarse-grained, typically well-foliated, biotite-microcline augen gneiss
Chimney_Rock_State_Park
Igneous, volcanic rock, of felsic (silica-rich) composition
Cristobalite and trydimite are sometimes present along with the quartz. Biotite, augite, fayalite, and hornblende are common accessory minerals. Due to
Rhyolite
Historic mountain in Kashihara, Japan
mountain are gneiss new rocks, and part of the middle slope and higher are biotite and andesite. At the top is a funnel of an extinct crater.
Mount_Unebi
Biotite granite rocks that are considered to be the final fractionation product of magma
along the Vigo–Régua shear zone, the monzogranites belong to the syn-F3 biotite granitoid group. They include large crystals of potassium feldspar and
Monzogranite
Uncommon plutonic rock type
plagioclase and amphibole accompanied by lesser amounts of clinopyroxene, biotite and magnetite. The core of the orbicules is polycrystalline and corresponds
Orbicular_granite
Easily split medium-grained metamorphic rock
constituent minerals will be included in the rock name, such as quartz-felspar-biotite schist. Schist bedrock can pose a challenge for civil engineering because
Schist
Metamorphic rock
Lake Formation in Minnesota Composition Primary quartz, muscovite/illite Secondary biotite, chlorite, hematite, pyrite Specific gravity: 2.7 – 2.8, 2.9
Slate
Silicate mineral or igneous rock that is rich in magnesium and iron
rock-forming mafic minerals include olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite. Common mafic rocks include basalt, diabase and gabbro. Mafic rocks often
Mafic
chlorite, muscovite, albite Biotite zone: quartz, muscovite, biotite, chlorite, albite Garnet zone: quartz, muscovite, biotite, garnet, sodic plagioclase
Index_mineral
Holocrystalline plutonic rock
Other minerals common in minor amounts include sodium-rich pyroxene, biotite, titanite, iron oxides, apatite, fluorite, melanite garnet, and zircon
Nepheline_syenite
Mineral assemblage in metamorphic rocks
plagioclase ± epidote, garnet, cummingtonite, diopside, biotite In metapelites: muscovite + biotite + quartz + plagioclase ± garnet, staurolite, kyanite/sillimanite
Metamorphic_facies
Geological phenomenon
spherical shell of discolouration (pleochroism) within minerals such as biotite that occurs in granite and other igneous rocks. The halo is a zone of radiation
Pleochroic_halo
Any polyatomic anion containing silicon and oxygen
strong cleavage plane. Micas fall into this group. Both muscovite and biotite have very weak layers that can be peeled off in sheets. In a framework
Silicate
Igneous rock rich in feldspathoid minerals
minerals are feldspathoids. Crystals of alkali feldspar, plagioclase, biotite, amphibole, pyroxene, and/or olivine may be present within the rock. The
Foidolite
former consists of orthoclase, nepheline, sodalite, diopside and aegirine, biotite and sphene. Two occurrences are known, one in Arkansas, the other in Sutherland
Leucitite
Metamorphic rock type
hornblende/actinolite +/- albite +/- biotite +/- quartz +/- garnet (calcite +/- wollastonite) Pelite; quartz, orthoclase +/- albite, +/- biotite +/- actinolite +/- garnet
Amphibolite
Type of igneous rock
composition, andesine to oligoclase. Quartz is present in significant amounts. Biotite and/or hornblende constitute the dark minerals. Because of its coloring
Quartz_monzonite
Rock formation in New York
Minerals in the garnet amphibolite include: Hornblende Plagioclase Garnet Biotite Orthopyroxene There are some minor cases of sulfides, and there are no
Gore_Mountain_Garnet
Phyllosilicate mineral in the dioctahedral mica group
in color and its cleavage sheets are inelastic. The other common mica, biotite, is almost always much darker in color than muscovite. Paragonite can be
Muscovite
Optical phenomenon
dark brown / light brown Zircon (very weak): brown-red / brown-yellow Biotite (medium): brown Alexandrite (strong): dark red / orange / green Andalusite
Pleochroism
Batholith in Idaho and Montana, United States
made almost entirely of preexisting continental material and contains biotite-containing granodiorite and two-mica granite. However, the early metaluminous
Idaho_Batholith
Growth form of lichen as a continuously adherent crust
altered minerals, specifically biotite in granite. Furthermore, vermiculite-like minerals were formed as a result of biotite alteration through hydrolysis
Crustose_lichen
Michel J.; Lira, Raul; Chen, Yadong; Tingey, David (1997). "Origin of biotite-apatite-rich enclaves, Achala batholith, Argentina". Contributions to Mineralogy
Enclave_(geology)
Phyllosilicate mineral in the dioctahedral mica group
subsequent mineralogical changes affecting iron-bearing micas such as biotite, and is also influenced by the decaying process of organic matter degraded
Glauconite
Subgroup of phyllosilicate minerals within the kaolinite-serpentine group
Micas Aluminoceladonite Anandite Annite Aspidolite Balestraite Bityite Biotite Boromuscovite Bramallite Celadonite Chernykhite Chromphyllite Clintonite
Serpentine_subgroup
Lake in the South Island of New Zealand
years old, medium grained, white, granodiorite and granite, with red-brown biotite. It has intruded dikes, plugs and xenoliths into metasediment. Albert Edward
Lake_Hauroko
Phyllosilicate mineral in the pyrophyllite-talc group
Micas Aluminoceladonite Anandite Annite Aspidolite Balestraite Bityite Biotite Boromuscovite Bramallite Celadonite Chernykhite Chromphyllite Clintonite
Talc
Sedimentary rocks made of mineral or rock fragments
are generally heavy minerals or coarse grained micas (both muscovite and biotite). Rock fragments also occur in the composition of siliciclastic sedimentary
Clastic_rock
Igneous rock
contact. rutile nelsonite: occurs only within the anorthosite. magnetite and biotite nelsonite: limited to the rocks surrounding the Roseland anorthosite. hornblende
Nelsonite
Type of igneous rock
variety of plagioclase). Common mineral components include hornblende and biotite. The name has come to be used most frequently as a textural term where
Rapakivi_granite
Hills and rock formations in California, U.S.
volcanic rock that is 150–200 million years old, and an 85-million-year-old biotite monzogranite which weathers to large roundish boulders, many of which stand
Alabama_Hills
2nd-highest mountain on Earth
Metamorphic Complex. The K2 Gneiss consists of a mixture of orthogneiss and biotite-rich paragneiss. On the south and southeast face of K2, the orthogneiss
K2
Oldest-surviving crustal material from the Hadean eon
that are consistent with their forming in "I-type" (hornblende, quartz, biotite, plagioclase, apatite, ilmenite) and "S-type" (quartz, K-feldspar, muscovite
Hadean_zircon
Mesoproterozoic pluton in New Mexico, U.S.
21 percent plagioclase (An24), 24 to 37 percent quartz, 2 to 3 percent biotite, and 1 percent muscovite. Present as accessories are opaque minerals, chlorite
Joaquin_quartz_monzonite
composed of quartz, feldspar, and mica. The mica is both muscovite and biotite." It intrudes into the Waits River Formation. The granite is mined at the
Barre_granite
Type of volcanic rock
olivine phenocrysts. It contains minor amounts of plagioclase and accessory biotite, apatite, and iron oxides. Its type locality is Ankaramy in Madagascar
Ankaramite
Rock formation in Pennsylvania
amphibole and clinopyroxene, with abundant quartz and k-feldspar, some biotite, zircon, and apatite, and minor/trace amounts of chalcopyrite and galena
York_Haven_Diabase
Dam on the Gunnison River in Colorado
metamorphic rocks, primarily micaceous quartzite, quartz-mica, mica and biotite schists, with granitic veining. The dam site is in a narrow canyon about
Morrow_Point_Dam
to melt (see Bowen's reaction series). Typical minerals are amphibole, biotite, pyroxene, ilmenite or other iron oxides and some plagioclase feldspar
Restite
Chemical alteration of a rock by hydrothermal and other fluids
deposits, results in production of micaceous, potassic minerals such as biotite in iron-rich rocks, muscovite mica or sericite in felsic rocks, and orthoclase
Metasomatism
Mica mineral in the biotite subgroup
chemical formula of KFe32+AlSi3O10(OH)2. Annite is the iron end member of the biotite mica group, the iron rich analogue of magnesium rich phlogopite. Annite
Annite
Rock-forming minerals with predominantly silicate anions
Al)2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Trioctahedral mica group Aspidolite – NaMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Biotite subgroup – K(Fe2+,Mg)2(Al,Fe3+,Mg,Ti)([Si,Al,Fe]2Si2O10)(OH,F)2 Annite
Silicate_mineral
Metamorphic unit in New Zealand
and Chatham schist. The metamorphic grade progresses from greenschist, biotite, garnet and finally orthoclase. Myrmekitic textures occur within oligoclase
Haast_Schist
Deterioration of rocks and minerals through exposure to the elements
systems can release inorganic nutrients from minerals such as apatite or biotite and transfer these nutrients to the trees, thus contributing to tree nutrition
Weathering
lower than the combination. Examples of peraluminous minerals include biotite, muscovite, cordierite, andalusite and garnet. Peraluminous corresponds
Peraluminous_rock
Lake and claimed impact structure in Karelia, northwest Russia
and mosaic structure in quartz and deformation feature in feldspars and biotite. Younger regional metamorphism has significantly altered the rocks composing
Suavjärvi
Complex inosilicate series of minerals
angles. Hornblende is most often confused with the pyroxene series and biotite mica, which are also dark minerals found in granite and charnockite. Pyroxenes
Hornblende
City in Gyeonggi, South Korea
constituent minerals are quartz, plagioclase, orthotic, biotite, and amphibole. Precambrian biotite gneiss (PCEbgn) is found in northern Suwon, specifically
Suwon
Igneous rock
medium-to-coarse-grained calcite rock with variable accessory amphibole, biotite, pyrite, pyrochlore and fluorite. Panda Hill Carbonatite Kresten, Peter;
Sovite
Uncommon extrusive rock
feldspar (sanidine, anorthoclase or orthoclase), and rare sodic plagioclase. Biotite, sodium-rich amphiboles and pyroxenes along with iron-rich olivine are
Phonolite
Volcanic rock rich in silica and low in alkali metal oxides
feldspar content, rhyodacite commonly contains phenocrysts of andesine, biotite, hornblende, and pyroxene. Quartz and sanidine phenocrysts are less common
Rhyodacite
belt are pelite or various types of volcanic rock. Gneiss, hornblende, biotite, garnet and kyanite are common in the belt. Northwestern Tanzania has the
Geology_of_Tanzania
Tehsil in Palakkad district
hornblende gneiss, migmatitic amphibolite, quartz biotite gneiss, quartz-feldspathic gneiss, biotite granite gneiss, and pegmatite. Among the rock types
Attappadi_taluk
Town in Australian Capital Territory
on Tharwa Adamellite. This adamellite is coarsely foliated and contains biotite mica. It has been dated at 423 ±6 million years old. This places it in
Tharwa, Australian Capital Territory
Tharwa,_Australian_Capital_Territory
Visible shape of a mineral
group Foliated/Micaceous/Lamellar Molybdenite Biotite Layered crystal planes, parting into thin sheets biotite, hematite, muscovite, lepidolite, molybdenite
Crystal_habit
monzonite Monzogabbro – Type of intrusive igneous rock Monzogranite – Biotite granite rocks that are considered to be the final fractionation product
List_of_rock_types
Gemstone: beryllium aluminium silicate
found in association with quartz, potassium feldspar, albite, muscovite, biotite, and tourmaline. Beryl is sometimes found in metasomatic contacts of igneous
Beryl
Green gem-quality mineral
of mineral inclusions are typically surrounded by "lily-pad" cleavages. Biotite flakes appear flat, brown, translucent, and tabular. Peridot has been prized
Peridot
Type of volcanic rock
augite, pigeonite, or orthopyroxene. Magnetite, zircon, apatite, ilmenite, biotite, and garnet are common accessory minerals. Alkali feldspar may be present
Andesite
Reddish brown to black nesosilicate mineral
grade. It occurs with almandine garnet, micas, kyanite; as well as albite, biotite, and sillimanite in gneiss and schist of regional metamorphic rocks. It
Staurolite
Aluminosilicate mineral
of silicate minerals. Kyanite Andalusite Sillimanite Kyanite occurs in biotite gneiss, mica schist, and hornfels, which are metamorphic rocks formed at
Kyanite
Branch of petrology focusing on detailed descriptions of rocks
other iron ores. Silicates that contain iron follow in definite order—biotite, enstatite, augite, hornblende, garnet, and similar ferro-magnesian minerals
Petrography
Mountain range in Washington, United States
open terrain. Many of the peaks are challenging rock climbs. The rock is biotite gneiss, formed by metamorphism of sedimentary and volcanic rocks about
Picket_Range
County in South Korea
Jangsin-ri, the biotite gneiss shows a folded pattern. In this area, biotite gneiss is intruded by Jurassic porphyllite granite (Jpgr), biotite granite (Jbgr)
Buan_County
History of rock pressure and temperature
geothermometers is the garnet-biotite relationship where the relative proportions of iron and magnesium in garnet and biotite change with increasing temperature
Geothermobarometry
Mountain in Yavapai County, Arizona, United States
the Williamson Valley. Granite Mountain is composed of Paleoproterozoic biotite granodiorite to granite that is known by geologist as the Mint Wash Granodiorite
Granite_Mountain_(Arizona)
Natural process occurring on minerals
pleochroic halos surrounding minute zircon inclusions within a crystal of biotite or other mineral. The spherical halos are produced by alpha particle radiation
Metamictisation
Phyllosilicate mineral in the dioctahedral mica group
Micas Aluminoceladonite Anandite Annite Aspidolite Balestraite Bityite Biotite Boromuscovite Bramallite Celadonite Chernykhite Chromphyllite Clintonite
Roscoelite
Russian sacred stone
be about 12 tons. Sin-Kamen' is a grey boulder of coarse-grained quartz-biotite schist that used to be venerated by the Meryans and the pagan Slavs on
Blue_Stone_(Russia)
Volcanic rock
intermediate Primary Volcanic glass Secondary Alkali feldspar, quartz, biotite, sanidine, zircon, magnetite and hornblende Texture Vesicular with matrix
Pumice
Type of igneous rock
and ilmenite (2%). Accessory and alteration minerals include hornblende, biotite, apatite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, serpentine, chlorite, and calcite.
Diabase
Serbian-Macedonian Massif. The lower part of the segment includes gneiss, biotite, muscovite, magmatized and augen gneiss, metagabbro, eclogite, amphibolite
Geology_of_North_Macedonia
Igneous, plutonic rock
potassium feldspar. Quartz is present at between 5 and 20% of the rock. Biotite, amphiboles and pyroxenes are common dark accessory minerals. Quartz diorite
Quartz_diorite
the form of an aureole around ultramafic rocks. Such examples include biotite-rich zones, amphibolite-calcite-scapolite alteration and other unusual
Fenite
Igneous rock
plagioclase (labradorite), and nepheline, along with accessories including biotite, magnetite, ilmenite and analcime. Theralite is the intrusive equivalent
Theralite
Mountain monument under construction in South Dakota
(myrmekitic), and muscovite. Accessory minerals including tourmaline, biotite, beryl, garnet, and apatite. The average whole-rock geochemistry is as
Crazy_Horse_Memorial
Type of rock
mineral content of quartz (35%), microcline (28%), plagioclase (28%), and biotite (9%). Porphyry Gibson, Richard (2025). "Llanite". The Geologic Column.
Llanite
BIOTITE
BIOTITE
BIOTITE
BIOTITE
Girl/Female
Arabic, Bengali, Celebrity, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Jain, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Muslim, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
Queen; Jasmine
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Sweet Curd
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Strictly veracious honest
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
Lord Murugan
Boy/Male
Arabic
Generous; Liberal
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Punjabi, Sikh, Tamil
Saintly Person
Girl/Female
American, British, English
God will Add; A Well-established Compound of Jo
Girl/Female
Tamil
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Dreadful; Terrible; Fear-inducing; Forbidding
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Husband of Night; Moon
BIOTITE
BIOTITE
BIOTITE
BIOTITE
BIOTITE
n.
A dark green igneous rock, consisting largely of chrysolite, with hornblende, augite, biotite, etc.
n.
A granitoid rock containing feldspar, biotite, elaeolite, and sodalite.
n.
Mica containing iron and magnesia, generally of a black or dark green color; -- a common constituent of crystalline rocks. See Mica.