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See searches and references containing ANTIGENIC SHIFT!ANTIGENIC SHIFT
Process by which two or more different strains of a virus combine to form a new subtype
sheep. Antigenic shift is a specific case of reassortment or viral shift that confers a phenotypic change. Antigenic shift is contrasted with antigenic drift
Antigenic_shift
Infectious disease
influenza viruses evolve through are antigenic drift and antigenic shift. Antigenic drift is when an influenza virus' antigens change due to the gradual accumulation
Influenza
Rapid spread of disease affecting a large number of people in a short time
population. There are two natural mechanisms for change - antigenic drift and antigenic shift. Antigenic drift arises over a period of time as an accumulation
Epidemic
Genetic variation in viruses of mutations in virus genes that code virus proteins
population. Antigenic drift occurs in both influenza A and influenza B viruses. (Confusion can arise with two very similar terms, antigenic shift and genetic
Antigenic_drift
American vaccinologist (1919–2005)
vaccine for the Hong Kong flu, as well as roles in the discovery of antigenic shift and drift, the cold-producing adenoviruses, the hepatitis viruses,
Maurice_Hilleman
Alteration of displayed antigens by pathogens
Antigenic variation or antigenic alteration refers to the mechanism by which an infectious agent such as a protozoan, bacterium or virus alters the proteins
Antigenic_variation
Infectious agent that replicates in cells
blockade of antigen presentation, cytokine resistance, evasion of natural killer cell activities, escape from apoptosis, and antigenic shift. Other viruses
Virus
Species of virus
mutations (antigenic drift) or reassortment in which a new HA or NA is produced (antigenic shift). Influenza viruses C and D are only capable of antigenic drift
Influenza_D_virus
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Infectious disease on cruise ships
Infectious_disease_on_cruise_ships
Contagious virus mainly affecting dogs
However studies in Vietnam have shown that CPV2 can undergo minor antigenic shift and natural mutation to infect felids. Analyses of feline parvovirus
Canine_parvovirus
Genus of viruses in the family Orthomyxoviridae
mutations (antigenic drift) or reassortment in which a new type of HA or NA is produced (antigenic shift). Influenza virus C is only capable of antigenic drift
Influenza_C_virus
1968–70 flu pandemic
from H2N2 (which caused the Asian flu pandemic in 1957–1958) through antigenic shift, a genetic process in which genes from multiple subtypes are reassorted
Hong_Kong_flu
Concept in epidemiology
Alternatively, the reassortment of separate viral genome segments, or antigenic shift, which is more common when more strains are in circulation, can also
Herd_immunity
Omicron subvariant of SARS-CoV-2
Viruses portal Pandemics portal Medicine portal 2020s portal Antigenic shift Original antigenic sin Saltation (biology) Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic
BA.3.2
Species of virus
neuraminidase (NA) are two virus surface antigens that are constantly changing. Antigenic drift or antigenic shift are two possible influenza viral changes
Influenza_B_virus
Pathogens capable of transmitting from humans to other non-human animals
and influenza A viruses originating in avians (crossover due to an antigenic shift) could have initially been considered a zoonotic transference as the
Reverse_zoonosis
Disease which is constantly present in an area
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Endemic_(epidemiology)
Spread of an infection from one person to another
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Human-to-human_transmission
Canadian music project
Canada with Iszoloscope, and has acted as tour support for Terrorfakt, Antigen Shift, and Adam X. His remix work includes material from Iszoloscope, Converter
Ad·ver·sary
First documented patient in the population of an epidemiological investigation
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Index_case
Family of RNA viruses including the influenza viruses
possible. This reduced rate of antigenic change, combined with its limited host range (inhibiting cross species antigenic shift), ensures that pandemics of
Orthomyxoviridae
Using mathematical models to understand infectious disease transmission
humans, are concerned with this problem. Research topics include: antigenic shift epidemiological networks evolution and spread of resistance immuno-epidemiology
Mathematical modelling of infectious diseases
Mathematical_modelling_of_infectious_diseases
Sudden increase in occurrences of a disease
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Disease_outbreak
Infection caused by influenza viruses endemic to pig
of the emergence of new variant strains. H3N2 evolved from H2N2 by antigenic shift. In August 2004, researchers in China found H5N1 in pigs. These H5N1
Swine_influenza
Virus subtype
form which can pass easily among humans. H3N2 evolved from H2N2 by antigenic shift and caused the Hong Kong Flu pandemic of 1968 and 1969 that killed
Influenza A virus subtype H3N2
Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H3N2
Population or environment in which a pathogen naturally lives and reproduces
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Natural_reservoir
Type of nonhereditary genetic change involving swapping of DNA or RNA
same infected animal. Other kinds of nonhereditary genetic change Antigenic shift Horizontal gene transfer "Genetic Exchange". www.atsu.edu. "1968 Pandemic
Reassortment
Metric in epidemiology
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Basic_reproduction_number
Pandemic involving influenza
slightly (a process called "antigenic drift"), sometimes significantly enough to result in a new subtype ("antigenic shift"). Within weeks of the report
Influenza_pandemic
Organism that harbours another organism
epidemiology of the parasitism or disease. For instance, the production of antigenic shifts in Influenza A virus can result from pigs being infected with the virus
Host_(biology)
Time between infection and the onset of disease symptoms
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Incubation_period
Infectious disease readily spread by pathogen transmission
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Contagious_disease
Virologist
genetic segments (antigenic shift) between viruses in humans and nonhumans (especially birds) rather than by mutations (antigenic drift) in annual human
Robert_Webster_(virologist)
Infectious disease = Invasion of an organism's body by pathogenic agents
the near future. Antigenic drift – Genetic variation in viruses of mutations in virus genes that code virus proteins Antigenic shift – Process by which
Outline of infectious disease concepts
Outline_of_infectious_disease_concepts
Time interval between infection by a pathogen and the individual becoming infectious
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Latent_period_(epidemiology)
Number of disease cases in a given population at a specific time
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Prevalence
Disease transmission via pathogens from fecal particles
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Fecal–oral_route
ピロリ菌) Hironori Aoyagi Yūko Kakihara January 30, 2021 (2021-01-30) "Antigenic Shift" Transliteration: "Kōgen Hen'i" (Japanese: 抗原変異) "H. Pylori": Normal
List of Cells at Work! episodes
List_of_Cells_at_Work!_episodes
Occurs when a reservoir population causes an epidemic in a novel host population
increased land use and deforestation, changing wildlife habitat. As species shift their geographic range in response to climate change, the risk of zoonotic
Spillover_infection
Contrast antigenic shift. antigenic imprinting See original antigenic sin. antigenic shift Any sudden and major change in the antigenicity of a virus, particularly
Glossary_of_virology
Widespread, often global, epidemic of severe infectious disease
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Pandemic
Diseases of humans caused by a pathogen
Atlantic. Retrieved 6 May 2022. Beyer RM, Manica A, Mora C (May 2021). "Shifts in global bat diversity suggest a possible role of climate change in the
Zoonosis
Non-living object capable of carrying infectious agents
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Fomite
Medical condition
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Blood-borne_disease
Omicron subvariant of SARS-CoV-2
Viruses portal Pandemics portal Medicine portal 2020s portal Antigenic shift Original antigenic sin Saltation (biology) Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic
BA.2.86
Concentration of water vapour in the air
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Humidity
Antimicrobial substance or compound
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Antiseptic
Practices performed to preserve health
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Hygiene
Chance over time of a medical condition
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Incidence_(epidemiology)
Placeholder infectious disease name from the World Health Organization
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Disease_X
Organism which has become infected with a pathogen but displays no symptoms
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Asymptomatic_carrier
Medical condition
immunoenzymatic assays and Western blot tests, preferably with recombinant antigens. While ELISA and Western blot have similar sensitivity, Western blot is
Tick-borne_disease
Classification of species of viruses
evading immune recognition. Major changes in HA and NA structure (antigenic shift), which are caused by genetic reassortment between different influenza
Emergent_virus
Invasion of an organism's body by pathogenic agents
based upon the ability of an antibody to bind specifically to an antigen. The antigen, usually a protein or carbohydrate made by an infectious agent, is
Infection
American astronaut (born 1961)
While an undergraduate at Stanford University, Parazynski studied antigenic shift in African sleeping sickness, using sophisticated molecular biology
Scott_E._Parazynski
Family of viruses
can be mixed with one another, so no antigenic shift occurs. The second reason relates to the idea of antigenic drift. Since RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Paramyxoviridae
Disease transmission by airborne particles
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Airborne_transmission
Infection transmitted through human sexual behavior
VIII’s troops travelling throughout Italy. Although the French attempted to shift the blame by calling it the ‘mal de Naples’, the most common term for syphilis
Sexually transmitted infection
Sexually_transmitted_infection
Bacteria resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobial drugs
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Multidrug-resistant_bacteria
Subtype of Influenza A virus
(avian influenza). Subtypes of IAV are defined by the combination of the antigenic hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N) proteins in the viral envelope;
Influenza A virus subtype H1N1
Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H1N1
Hemagglutinin of influenza virus
portal FI6 antibody Phytohemagglutinin Hemagglutinin Neuraminidase Antigenic shift Sialic acid Epitope H5N1 genetic structure [p] ^Hemagglutinin is pronounced
Hemagglutinin_(influenza)
Basic unit of taxonomic classification, below genus
between organisms of different species, either through hybridisation, antigenic shift, or reassortment, is sometimes an important source of genetic variation
Species
Subtype of influenza A virus
lambs testing negative. Viruses portal Medicine portal Asia portal Antigenic shift Avian influenza virus Favipiravir Fujian flu H5N1 clinical trials H7N9
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1
Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H5N1
Occurrence of a disease with no recognisable pattern
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Sporadic_disease
Activation or suppression of the immune system to treat disease
tumour antigen before reinjecting the cells with appropriate stimulatory cytokines. The cells then destroy the tumour cells that express the antigen. Topical
Immunotherapy
Elimination of a disease from all hosts
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Eradication of infectious diseases
Eradication_of_infectious_diseases
Infection spread in hospitals or health care facilities
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Hospital-acquired_infection
Period when an infection is not yet detectable for a given test
HBsAg to HBsAb seroconversion, i.e. between the disappearance of surface antigen (HBsAg) from serum and the appearance of HBsAb (anti-HBs), and (2) the
Window_period
Event spreading an infectious disease
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Superspreading_event
Disease caused by agents transmitted by water
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Waterborne_disease
Vaccine that prevents infection from all strains of the flu
and influenza B regardless of the virus sub type, or any antigenic drift or antigenic shift. Hence it should not require modification from year to year
Universal_flu_vaccine
Antimicrobial substance active against bacteria
is the additional concern of uncertain immune responses to these large antigenic cocktails. There are considerable regulatory hurdles that must be cleared
Antibiotic
Preventive medical treatment after exposure
after potential HIV exposure, persons should be tested for HIV1 and HIV2 antigens and antibodies in the blood using a rapid diagnostic test. PEP should only
Post-exposure_prophylaxis
Infection that develops from a pre-existing condition
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Opportunistic_infection
Statistic in epidemiology
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Attack_rate
Agent that carries and transmits pathogens
transferred from one surface to another without developing inside the carrier. Shifts in climate, expanding cities, and land-use changes are reshaping where vectors
Disease_vector
Scientific research of the 1918 influenza pandemic
Fort Riley, Kansas, by two genetic mechanisms – genetic drift and antigenic shift – in viruses in poultry and swine which the fort bred for local consumption
Spanish_flu_research
Substance that causes red blood cells to agglutinate
neuraminidase. These hemagglutinins are subject to rapid evolution via antigenic shift and drift in the influenza avian reservoir. This results in new subtype
Hemagglutinin
Illness from eating spoiled or contaminated food
plant, and environmental sectors. Additionally, globalized supply chains, shifts toward ready-to-eat and minimally processed foods, and novel food technologies
Foodborne_illness
Act of cleaning one's hands
in Germany.[citation needed] Research indicates that the COVID pandemic shifted social norms regarding hand washing, making it more prevalent worldwide
Hand_washing
New or rapidly increasing disease
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Emerging_infectious_disease
Genre of industrial music
noise artists who emerged in the 21st century include Iszoloscope, Antigen Shift, Maria and the Mirrors, Prospero, Drillbit, Tarmvred, Converter, Terrorfakt
Power_noise
Drug used to killed microorganisms or stop their growth
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Antimicrobial
Model concept in transmission of infectious disease
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Secondary_attack_rate
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Simulation_exercise
Transmission of a pathogen between different species
immunological defenses, allowing their continued transmission. A host shifting event occurs when a strain that was previously zoonotic begins to circulate
Cross-species_transmission
Human disease caused by paramyxovirus
genotypes. MuV is a relatively stable virus and is unlikely to experience antigenic shifting that may cause new strains to emerge. The mumps virus is mainly transmitted
Mumps
Particulate respirator meeting the N95 standard
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N95_respirator
Mouth and nose cover against bacterial aerosols
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Surgical_mask
United States federal statute for public health
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Public_Health_Act_of_1879
Type of coronavirus detected in 2021
molecular basis for the evasion of humoral immunity exhibited by Omicron antigenic shift as well as the importance of targeting conserved epitopes for vaccine
SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant
Subtype of Influenza A virus
time, influenza viruses accumulate mutations through antigenic drift, causing distant antigenic characteristics between the Avian H2N2 influenza virus
Influenza A virus subtype H2N2
Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H2N2
Infection caused by pathogens that use mother-to-children transmission
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Vertically transmitted infection
Vertically_transmitted_infection
Type of mathematical model used for infectious diseases
the three categories. During an epidemic the susceptible category is not shifted with this model, β {\displaystyle \beta } changes over the course of the
Compartmental models (epidemiology)
Compartmental_models_(epidemiology)
Passing of a pathogen from one organism to another
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Pathogen_transmission
Member of a population who is at risk of becoming infected by a disease
not developed immunity. Those individuals who have antibodies against an antigen associated with a particular infectious disease will not be susceptible
Susceptible_individual
Administration of a vaccine to protect against disease
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Vaccination
Concept in epidemiology
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Syndemic
Medication used to treat a viral infection
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Antiviral_drug
Promoting health through informed choices
however, many developing countries are also experiencing an epidemiological shift and polarization in which populations are now experiencing more of the effects
Public_health
ANTIGENIC SHIFT
ANTIGENIC SHIFT
Male
Greek
(Αἴολος) Greek name AIOLOS means "sparkling; quick-shifting; quick-moving." In mythology, this is the name of the god of winds.Â
Female
Finnish
Finnish myth name from the Kalevala, possibly LOUHI means "trance." Louhi was a queen of Pohjola, and a witch with the ability to shape-shift and cast powerful magic spells.Â
Male
Welsh
Welsh Arthurian legend name of a Knight of the Round Table best remembered as the lover of Esyllt (French: Tristan and Iseult). But the earliest texts hint at a character who was far more than just a lover; he was a master of deception and had the ability to shape-shift, a definite attribute of a trickster. In the Cymric Trioedd, Esyllt is his uncle's wife; with the help of the swineherd, Drystan arranges for a secret tryst with her, but Arthur shows up unexpectedly wanting to steal some of his uncle's swine, and Drystan somehow outwits the Forever King.     The name has been associated with Latin tristis "sad," referring to the tragic fate of the young "lover." It has been linked with Pictish drust of unknown DRYSTAN means, and Celtic drest, "riot, tumult." The latter comes closest to fitting his true character; compare with Old English þr�st/þrÃste: "bold, daring, rash, audacious," and even "shameless."Â
Male
Scandinavian
Scandinavian name derived from Old Norse hamr, HEMMING means "shape." The name may have originated as a byname for a "shape-shifter" or "werewolf."
Male
Greek
Variant spelling of Greek Aiolos, AEOLOS means "sparkling; quick-shifting; quick-moving."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English persone, parsoun ‘parish priest’, ‘parson’ (Old French persone, from Latin persona ‘person’, ‘character’), hence a status name for a parish priest or perhaps a nickname for a devout man. The reasons for the semantic shift from ‘person’ to ‘priest’ are not certain; the most plausible explanation is that the local priest was regarded as the representative person of the parish. The phonetic change from -er- to -ar- was a regular development in Middle English.Americanized form of one or more like-sounding Jewish names.Americanized spelling of Swedish Pärsson, Persson (see Persson).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English smoc, smok ‘smock’, ‘shift’, hence a metonymic occupational name for someone who made or sold such garments, or a nickname for someone who habitually wore a smock (the usual everyday working garment of a peasant).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a servant, Middle English ladde. The word first appeared in the 13th century, with the meaning ‘servant’ or ‘man of humble birth’, the modern meaning of ‘young man’, ‘boy’ being a later shift.Most American bearers of this name trace their ancestry to a certain Daniel Ladd, who emigrated from London to Ipswich, MA, in 1634.
Surname or Lastname
English and German
English and German : from a Germanic personal name, either a short form of compound names such as Billard, or else a byname Bill(a), from Old English bil ‘sword’, ‘halberd’ (or a Continental cognate). (Bill as a short form of William was not used until the 17th century.)English : metonymic occupational name for a maker of pruning hooks and similar implements, from Middle English bill, from Old English bil ‘sword’, with the meaning shifted to a more peaceful agricultural application (see Biller 5).
ANTIGENIC SHIFT
ANTIGENIC SHIFT
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Lord Krishna
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Christian, Czechoslovakian, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Jamaican, Polish, Swedish, Swiss, Teutonic
Shining Intellect; Bright Mind; Intelligent; Bright Heart; Bright Hear; Mind and Spirit
Girl/Female
Arabic, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sikh, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Traditional
Light; Saintly Woman; A Devotee of Krishna; Aristocratic Lady; High-born Girl; Precious Gem
Boy/Male
Indian
Lucky omen.
Girl/Female
Finnish, German
Pure
Male
Greek
Greek name, possibly related to the word pythein, PYTHIAS means "to rot." In Greek legend, this is the name of a friend of Damon.
Boy/Male
Indian
Easy
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Gift from Allah
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Haggard.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Pazhanappan | பஜà¯à®¹à®¾à®¨à®¾à®ªà¯à®ªà®£Â
Lord Murugan
ANTIGENIC SHIFT
ANTIGENIC SHIFT
ANTIGENIC SHIFT
ANTIGENIC SHIFT
ANTIGENIC SHIFT
n.
An assistant to the ship's cook in washing, steeping, and shifting the salt provisions.
a.
Antimonic; -- used with reference to certain compounds of antimony.
n.
An arrangement for shifting a belt sidewise from one pulley to another.
a.
Adapted or used for shifting anything.
n.
A compound of antimonic acid with a base or basic radical.
v. t.
To exchange for another of the same class; to remove and to put some similar thing in its place; to change; as, to shift the clothes; to shift the scenes.
v. t.
The act of shifting.
a.
Admitting of being shifted.
a.
Pertaining to, or designating, an acid (formerly called antimonic acid) analogous to metaphosphoric acid, and obtained as a white amorphous insoluble substance, (HSbO3).
a.
Ontogenetic.
v. t.
Something frequently shifted; especially, a woman's under-garment; a chemise.
v. t.
The change of one set of workmen for another; hence, a spell, or turn, of work; also, a set of workmen who work in turn with other sets; as, a night shift.
n.
The quality or state of being shifty.
n.
any preparation used to render an organism immune to some disease, by inducing or increasing the natural immunity mechanisms. Prior to 1995, such preparations usually contained killed organisms of the type for which immunity was desired, and sometimes used live organisms having attenuated virulence. since that date, preparations containing only specific antigenic portions of the pathogenic organism are also used, some of which are prepared by genetic engineering techniques.
adv.
In a shifting manner.
n.
One who, or that which, shifts; one who plays tricks or practices artifice; a cozener.
a.
Pertaining to, or derived from, antimony; -- said of those compounds of antimony in which this element has its highest equivalence; as, antimonic acid.
a.
Full of, or ready with, shifts; fertile in expedients or contrivance.
a.
Changing in place, position, or direction; varying; variable; fickle; as, shifting winds; shifting opinions or principles.
a.
Destitute of expedients, or not using successful expedients; characterized by failure, especially by failure to provide for one's own support, through negligence or incapacity; hence, lazy; improvident; thriftless; as, a shiftless fellow; shiftless management.