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Eurasian steppe confederation and empire
The Xiongnu (Chinese: 匈奴; [ɕjʊ́ŋ.nǔ]) were a tribal confederation of nomadic peoples who, according to ancient Chinese sources, inhabited the eastern
Xiongnu
Conflicts between the Han Empire and the Xiongnu (133 BC – 89 AD)
The Han–Xiongnu wars or Sino–Xiongnu wars, were a series of military conflicts fought from 133 BC to 89 AD between the agrarian Chinese Han dynasty and
Han–Xiongnu_wars
Language spoken in the Xiongnu empire
Xiongnu, also referred to as Xiong-nu or Hsiung-nu, is the language(s) presumed to be spoken by the Xiongnu, a people and confederation which existed
Xiongnu_language
Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire from 209 to 174 BCE
234–174 BCE) was the son of Touman and the founder of the empire of the Xiongnu. He came to power by ordering his men to kill his father in 209 BCE. Modu
Modu_Chanyu
Imperial dynasty in China (202 BC – 220 AD)
dynasty had many conflicts with the Xiongnu, a nomadic confederation centered in the eastern Eurasian steppe. The Xiongnu defeated the Han in 200 BC, prompting
Han_dynasty
Emperor title of the Xiongnu
AD. The title was most famously used by the ruling Luandi clan of the Xiongnu during the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and Han dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD).
Chanyu
Extinct nomadic people in Eurasia (4th–6th centuries)
de Guignes became the first to propose a link between the Huns and the Xiongnu people, who lived in Mongolia and northern China from the 3rd century BCE
Huns
Chinese historical exonym
as the Five Barbarians were the Xiongnu, Jie, Xianbei, Qiang and Di. Out of the five tribal ethnic groups, the Xiongnu and Xianbei were nomadic peoples
Five_Barbarians
Imperial Chinese army
Steppe, the Han dynasty fought against nomadic confederations such as the Xiongnu, Xianbei, and Wuhuan. To challenge these migratory peoples effectively
Military_of_the_Han_dynasty
Chinese term for non-Sinitic peoples
causing the Xiongnu to fall into civil wars and fragmentate into two, namely the Northern Xiongnu and Southern Xiongnu. The Southern Xiongnu later subjected
Hu_(people)
a timeline of the Xiongnu, a nomadic people that dominated the ancient eastern Eurasian steppes from 209 BC to 89 AD. The Xiongnu settled down in northern
Timeline_of_the_Xiongnu
Ancient people mentioned in Chinese histories
during the 1st millennium BC. After a major defeat at the hands of the Xiongnu in 176 BC, the Yuezhi split into two groups migrating in different directions:
Yuezhi
Chinese military general and official (140 BC – 117 BC)
a campaign into the Gobi Desert of what is now Mongolia to defeat the Xiongnu nomadic confederation, winning decisive victories such as the Battle of
Huo_Qubing
3rd century BC conflict in China
The Zhao–Xiongnu War (Chinese: 趙破匈奴之戰) was a war that took place between the state of Zhao and the Xiongnu confederation in 265 BC during the Warring
Zhao–Xiongnu_War
Family of ethnic groups of Eurasia
Zhang 2023: "In contrast, the early West Xiongnu (earlyXiongnu_west) and late Sarmatian Xiongnu (lateXiongnu_Sarmatian) derived ancestry mainly from West
Turkic_peoples
Chinese military general of the Western Han dynasty
the Xiongnu, he fought primarily in the campaigns against the nomadic Xiongnu tribes to the north of the Western Han. He was known to the Xiongnu as a
Li_Guang
Decade
act of heresy and treason. Wei Zifu is made the new Empress. Spring: the Xiongnu raid Shanggu, killing officials and other inhabitants. Autumn: Emperor
120s_BC
Han dynasty's expansion of realm and influence in Inner Asia
of the Emperor Wu of Han. Wars were mainly fought against the nomadic Xiongnu confederation based in the Mongolian Plateau, but also against other states
Han_dynasty_in_Inner_Asia
Qin's campaign against the Xiongnu (3rd century BC)
215 BC, Qin Shi Huang ordered General Meng Tian to set out against the Xiongnu tribes in the Ordos region and establish a frontier region at the loop
Qin campaign against the Xiongnu
Qin_campaign_against_the_Xiongnu
Ancient semi-nomadic people in Central Asia
176 BC the Xiongnu raided the lands of the Yuezhi, who subsequently attacked the Wusun, killing their king and seizing their land. The Xiongnu adopted the
Wusun
Emperor of China from 57 to 75 AD
also extended Chinese control over the Tarim Basin and eradicated the Xiongnu influence there, through the conquests of his general Ban Chao. The reigns
Emperor_Ming_of_Han
330–550 AD Proto-Mongolic state
sources state that they were the descendants of the Xiongnu or a collateral branch of the Xiongnu. Some others state that they were descendants of the
Rouran_Khaganate
Ethnological origin of the Huns
first proposed that the Huns and the Iranian Huns were identical to the Xiongnu. The thesis was then popularized by Edward Gibbon. Since that time scholars
Origin_of_the_Huns
War fought between the Han Empire and the Central Asian state of Dayuan
trade disputes compounded by the extended geopolitics surrounding the Han-Xiongnu Wars, resulting in two Han expeditions that ended in a Han victory, allowing
War_of_the_Heavenly_Horses
1st century Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire
AD) was a chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire. Punu came to power in 46 AD when his brother Wudadihou died. At the time, the Xiongnu were experiencing a severe
Punu_Chanyu
Chinese general (d. 229 BCE)
countryside. The Xiongnu sent a small force to raid the border, and Li Mu pretended to be defeated, and abandoned a few thousand men to the Xiongnu. The chanyu
Li_Mu
697–150 BCE nomadic confederacy in northern China
were first recorded from the 7th century BCE and were taken over by the Xiongnu in 150 BCE. They lived in northern Hebei, southeastern Inner Mongolia and
Donghu_people
Han dynasty general
the Western Han dynasty who was acclaimed for his campaigns against the Xiongnu, and his rags to riches life. He was a consort kin of Emperor Wu of Han
Wei_Qing
Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire
against the Xiongnu. The majority of the forces failed to find any Xiongnu, but Chang Hui successfully aided the Wusun in defeating a Xiongnu invasion.
Huyandi
with the Xiongnu against the Hàn Empire, he defected to the Xiongnu and was eventually killed in a battle between the Hàn Empire and Xiongnu in 196 BC
Xin_of_Han
Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire from 59 to 31 BC
Huhanye (Chinese: 呼韓邪), born Jihoushan (Chinese: 稽侯狦), was a chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire, the son of Xulüquanqu Chanyu. He rebelled in 59 BC with the aid
Huhanye
Historical network of Eurasian trade routes
and Xiongnu nomads. These unlikely events of cross-cultural contact allowed both cultures to adapt to each other as an alternative. The Xiongnu adopted
Silk_Road
Chinese Sixteen Kingdoms state (407–431)
Xia (胡夏), Xiongnu Xia (匈奴夏), Helian Xia (赫連夏) or the Great Xia (大夏), was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Helian clan of Tiefu-Xiongnu ethnicity
Xia_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)
Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire
126–114 BC) was the brother of Junchen Chanyu and his successor to the Xiongnu throne. Yizhixie ruled during a time of conflict with the Han dynasty under
Yizhixie
Chinese historian (c. 145 – c. 86 BCE)
of the general, who was blamed for an unsuccessful campaign against the Xiongnu. Given the choice of being executed or castrated, he chose the latter in
Sima_Qian
Late 1st century Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire
Youliu (Chinese: 優留; fl. 84 AD, died 87 AD) was a chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire. Although he was a descendant of his predecessor Punu, it is not known
Youliu
Imperial envoy to the world outside of China in the 2nd century BC
prevented by the hostile Xiongnu.[citation needed] The Han court dispatched Zhang Qian, a military officer who was familiar with the Xiongnu, to the Western Regions
Zhang_Qian
Modu Chanyu's campaign against Donghu confederation in 206 BC
The Xiongnu invasion of Donghu was a conflict between the Xiongnu and Donghu after Modu Chanyu came to power in 209 BC. Modu Chanyu used the perceived
Xiongnu_invasion_of_Donghu
Laoshang Chanyu
(Chinese: 稽鬻), was a chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire who succeeded his father Modu Chanyu in 174 BCE. Under his reign, the Xiongnu Empire continued to expand against
Laoshang
1st-century Chinese general
and consort kin of the Eastern Han dynasty, famous for destroying the Xiongnu nomadic empire. A native of modern-day Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, he was
Dou_Xian
Ancient Siberian culture
SELEU- CIDS PTOLE- MIES PARTHIAN EMPIRE SUNGAS SATAVA- HANAS HAN DYNASTY XIONGNU The Dingling were an ancient people who appear in Chinese historiography
Dingling
Southern Xiongnu leader during the Jin dynasty (266–420)
imperial Luandi clan of the Southern Xiongnu who was appointed by the Chinese court to supervise the Five Divisions of Xiongnu in Bing province. However, a much
Liu_Meng_(Xiongnu)
Chinese military general, explorer and diplomat (32–102 CE)
service. He also led Han forces for over 30 years in the war against the Xiongnu and re-established Han control over the Tarim Basin region. He was made
Ban_Chao
Aspect of Chinese history
especially the nomadic Xiongnu of the Eurasian Steppe. The Han emperors were initially forced to acknowledge the rival Xiongnu Chanyus as their equals
History_of_the_Han_dynasty
Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire
of the Xiongnu Empire. Xulihu Chanyu was the younger brother of Wuwei Chanyu. He succeeded his nephew Er Chanyu in 102 BC. In 101 BC, the Xiongnu raided
Xulihu
Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire
且鞮侯; r. 101–96 BCE), whose name was probably Qiedi, was a chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire, and the successor to Xulihu. His reign was contemporaneous with
Qiedihou
Archaeological culture of ancient East Asians
culture formed one of the primary ancestral components of the succeeding Xiongnu, as revealed by genetic evidence. The ethnogenesis of Turkic peoples and
Slab-grave_culture
Emperor of China from 141 to 87 BC
was ambushed by Xiongnu forces. He defected to Xiongnu and Emperor Wu executed the Li clan for treason soon after. Even within the Xiongnu, Li himself also
Emperor_Wu_of_Han
Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire
161–126 BCE) was the son and successor to Laoshang Chanyu. As chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire, Junchen outlived the Han emperors Wen (r. 180–157 BC) and Jing
Junchen
Para-Mongolic ancient people
Xiongnu at the end of the 3rd century BC. In the 1st century BC, the Xianbei began engaging in the conflict between the Han dynasty and the Xiongnu,
Xianbei
Indigenous peoples of Central Siberia in Russia
family. This migration possibly occurred as a result of the fall of the Xiongnu confederation, which, according to Alexander Vovin, is likely to have been
Yeniseian_peoples
Various nomadic empires, including the Xiongnu (3rd century BC–1st century AD), the Xianbei state (c. AD 156–234), the Rouran Khaganate (330–555), the
History_of_Mongolia
Western Regions. During the Han-Xiongnu Wars the southern Xiongnu in Inner Mongolia were subjugated and the northern Xiongnu were driven to northern Mongolia
History_of_the_eastern_steppe
Hunnu-China war
Battle of Zhizhi (郅支之戰) was fought in 36 BC between the Han dynasty and the Xiongnu chieftain Zhizhi Chanyu. Zhizhi was defeated and killed. The battle was
Battle_of_Zhizhi
German state from 1933 to 1945
Macedonian Seleucid Ptolemaic Bactrian Indo-Greek Hittite Hunnic White Xiongnu Iranian Median Achaemenid Parthian Sasanian Kush Kushan Magadha Haryanka
Nazi_Germany
Emperor of the Xin dynasty of China from 9 to 23
Xiongnu, which the Xiongnu chanyu Nangzhiyasi (囊知牙斯)—later shortened to Zhi at Wang Mang's request—obeyed, but Wang Mang's tone of treating Xiongnu as
Wang_Mang
Historical practices of imperial marriage alliances in China
alliances with the Xiongnu in order to avoid sending the emperor's daughters. 200 BC: Emperor Gaozu of Han marries a Han "princess" to Xiongnu chieftain Modu
Heqin
Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire
Hulugu (Chinese: 狐鹿姑) was a chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire. He was the son and successor of Qiedihou and reigned from 96 to 85 BC. Hulugu originally did
Hulugu
Chanyu of Xiongnu Empire from 31 to 20 BC
born Diaotaomogao, was a chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire, the son and successor of Huhanye. He ruled the Xiongnu Empire from 31 to 20 BC. Fuzhulei kept the
Fuzhulei_Ruodi
2024 film by Stanley Tong
battle against the Xiongnu to defend their homeland. Amidst the war, Professor Fang, now a warrior, crosses paths with the Xiongnu princess, Meng Yun
A_Legend
People and tribes in and around the Mongol Plateau before the 11th or 12th century
ancestors of the Mongols were the Xiongnu, although it is not known if they were Proto-Mongols.[citation needed] The Xiongnu were a group of nomads who dominated
Proto-Mongols
Xiongnu ruler from 220 to 209 BCE
the Xiongnu tribal confederation, reigning from c. 220–209 BCE, directly preceding the formation of the Xiongnu empire. Competing with the Xiongnu for
Touman
Puppet chanyu of the Southern Xiongnu from 188 to 195
195), personal name Yufuluo (於夫羅), was a puppet chanyu of the Southern Xiongnu during the late Han dynasty. In 188, he was appointed chanyu by the Han
Chizhi_Shizhu_Hou
Chinese diplomat and politician
adversaries the Western Han and the Xiongnu. One year earlier, in 101 BC, a new chanyu had come to power in Xiongnu, Chanyu Qiedihou (且鞮侯), who had expressed
Su_Wu
Calendar year
previous year, the Xiongnu invade the province of Dai, kill its governor, Gong You, and capture over 1000 of its inhabitants. Autumn: The Xiongnu cross into Yanmen
126_BC
Country in East Asia
their rule through Confucian scholarship. Military expeditions against the Xiongnu, a confederation of nomadic steppe tribes frequently in conflict with the
China
Bronze Age archaeological culture in eastern Mongolia
collectively referred to as the "Ulaanzuukh_SlabGrave genetic cluster". The later Xiongnu are inferred to have formed via the merger of Eastern Saka (Chandman culture)
Ulaanzuukh_culture
Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire
chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire. He was the brother and successor of the Huyandi Chanyu, and he reigned from 68 to 60 BC. In 64 BC, the Xiongnu raided Jiaohe
Xulüquanqu
Chanyu
Huduershidaogao (Chinese: 呼都而尸道皋; 34 BC – 46 AD), born Yu, was a chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire. The brother and successor of Wuzhuliu Chanyu, he reigned from 18
Huduershidaogao
Chinese surname
surname which originated from a pre-state clan of Xianbei ethnicity of Xiongnu origin during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China, until its destruction
Yuwen
Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire
兒單于; r. 105–102 BC), born Wushilu (Chinese: 烏師廬), was a chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire. He succeeded his father Wuwei Chanyu in 105 BC and died from an
Er_Chanyu
One of the Four Beauties of ancient China
Han dynasty, she was sent by Emperor Yuan to marry Chanyu Huhanye of the Xiongnu Empire in order to establish friendly relations with the Han dynasty through
Wang_Zhaojun
Historical Figure
dynasty who surrendered to Xiongnu (or Hun) nationality. He was selected as a retinue from Han to Hun and later served the Xiongnu emperor Laoshang Shanyu
Zhonghang_Yue
steppe. The Xiongnu displayed striking heterogeneity and could be differentiated into two subgroups, "Western Xiongnu" and "Eastern Xiongnu", with the
Genetic history of East Asians
Genetic_history_of_East_Asians
Chinese military general
dynasty who served during the reign of Emperor Wu. He later defected to the Xiongnu after being defeated in an expedition in 99 BC. Li Ling was born in Chengji
Li_Ling
Leader of Han-Zhao dynasty from 304 to 310
Emperor Guangwen of Han (Zhao) (漢(趙)光文帝) was the founding emperor of the Xiongnu-led Han-Zhao dynasty of China during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. Due to
Liu_Yuan_(Han-Zhao)
Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire
Wuwei (Chinese: 烏維; r. 114–105 BCE) was a chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire. Wuwei succeeded his father Yizhixie in 114 BC and died in 105 BC. He was succeeded
Wuwei_Chanyu
Language family of central Siberia
to the south of Lake Baikal. The Yeniseians have been connected to the Xiongnu confederation, whose ruling elite may have spoken a "southern Yeniseian"
Yeniseian_languages
Video game series
Steam. Retrieved 2022-11-19. "汉匈决战/Han Xiongnu Wars". Steam. Retrieved 2022-11-19. "Gloria Sinica / 汉匈决战: Han Xiongnu Wars (M&B like)". Retrieved 2025-03-10
Mount_&_Blade_(series)
Battle in 119 BC
dynasty in the winter of January 119 BC, into the heartland of the nomadic Xiongnu. The campaign was a success for the Han, whose forces led by Wei Qing and
Battle_of_Mobei
Battle in Ming China
車師之戰; pinyin: Jūshī Zhī Zhàn) took place between the Han dynasty and the Xiongnu for control of the people of the Jushi culture in the Turpan Basin in 67
Battle_of_Jushi
Highland sedimentary basin in northwest China
various Eurasian nomads such as Di and Rong (Shang and Zhou dynasties), Xiongnu (Qin and Han dynasty), Rouran (Northern Wei), Eastern Göktürk (Sui and
Ordos_Plateau
Xiongnu-led dynastic state of China (304–329)
was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Liu (Luandi) clan of Chuge-Xiongnu ethnicity during the Sixteen Kingdoms period of Chinese history. In Chinese
Han-Zhao
Archaeological culture
culture from the 6th to the 2nd century BCE before being driven away by the Xiongnu. Some authors date the arrival from the north and west of these nomads
Ordos_culture
Historical ethnic group in Chinese history
province), where the Jie resided. After the Xiongnu Empire split in the 1st century AD, the Southern Xiongnu mainly resided in Bing province as a vassal
Jie_people
Battle in 133 BC
was an aborted ambush operation by the Han dynasty against the invading Xiongnu forces led by Junchen Chanyu, with minimal casualties from both sides.
Battle_of_Mayi
One hundred years, from AD 1 to AD 100
northern frontier, the Chinese dynasties waged intermittent war with the Xiongnu before emerging victorious in 91. The states of Funan and Xianbei were
1st_century
Chinese kingdom (108 BC - 450 AD)
dominated by the Han dynasty and the northern neighbours of the Jushi, the Xiongnu, and became one of the many minor states of the Western Regions of Han
Jushi_Kingdom
Archaeological culture in Mongolia
Western Xiongnu derived 93% of their ancestry from the Chandman culture, and 7% consisted of newly introduced BMAC ancestry. The rest of the Xiongnu in the
Chandman_culture
1st century Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire
(Chinese: 烏累; fl. 13 AD - died 18 AD), born Xian, was a chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire. The brother and successor of Wuzhuliu, he reigned from 13 to 18
Wulei
Ethnic group
likely originated in present-day Mongolia and were descendants of the Xiongnu, while the conquering Hungarians derived from an admixture of Ugrians,
Hungarians
Emperor of the Han dynasty from 74 to 48 BC
dynasty recovered economically from the prior attritions of the costly Han–Xiongnu War and militarily dominated the Far East and Central Asia to become the
Emperor_Xuan_of_Han
Historical name for regions of Chinese suzerainty in Central Asia
to mitigate the threat posed by the Xiongnu confederation. Although Zhang was captured and imprisoned by Xiongnu for ten years, and the mission was eventually
Western_Regions
Proto-Mongolic nomadic people of northern China
Inner Mongolia. After the Donghu "Eastern Barbarians" were defeated by the Xiongnu around 209 BC, they split into two groups. The northern Donghu became the
Wuhuan
Han dynasty inscription on a cliff in the Yanran Mountains (89 AD)
army of the Han and its allies (Southern Xiongnu, Wuhuan, Di and Qiang) in a battle against the Northern Xiongnu at the Altai Mountains. The battle was
Inscription_of_Yanran
Chanyu of the Southern Xiongnu from c. 56 to 57 AD
of Sutuhu as the chanyu of the Southern Xiongnu. He participated in the expedition against the Northern Xiongnu in 49 AD and became chanyu in 56 AD. Qiufu
Qiufu_Youdi
Chinese military official
against Zhihzi, the chanyu (supreme ruler) of the Xiongnu Empire at the time of the first Xiongnu civil war, whom he and his deputy commander, Chen Tang
Gan_Yanshou
Ruined city in China
pinyin: Tǒngwànchéng; Wade–Giles: T‘ung3-wan4-chêng2) was the capital of the Xiongnu-led Hu Xia dynasty in northern China during the Sixteen Kingdoms period
Tongwancheng
Xianbei-led dynasty of China
was a Xianbei-led dynasty of China (founded by member of Yuwen tribe of Xiongnu origin) that lasted from 557 to 581 AD. One of the Northern dynasties of
Northern_Zhou
Chinese name associated with the Xiongnu peoples
Chinese: ZS: *djun-ɢʷi; B-S: *[d]u[r]-ɢʷij) is a name associated with the Xiongnu, a tribal confederation of nomadic peoples who, according to ancient Chinese
Chunwei
XIONGNU
XIONGNU
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : nickname for a tall person, from Old English lang, long, Old French long ‘long’, ‘tall’ (equivalent to Latin longus).Irish (Ulster (Armagh) and Munster) : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Longáin (see Langan).Chinese : from the name of an official treasurer called Long, who lived during the reign of the model emperor Shun (2257–2205 bc). his descendants adopted this name as their surname. Additionally, a branch of the Liu clan (see Lau 1), descendants of Liu Lei, who supposedly had the ability to handle dragons, was granted the name Yu-Long (meaning roughly ‘resistor of dragons’) by the Xia emperor Kong Jia (1879–1849 bc). Some descendants later simplified Yu-Long to Long and adopted it as their surname.Chinese : there are two sources for this name. One was a place in the state of Lu in Shandong province during the Spring and Autumn period (722–481 bc). The other source is the Xiongnu nationality, a non-Han Chinese people.Chinese : variant of Lang.Cambodian : unexplained.
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Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Remembrance of the Beneficent
Female
English
English variant form of Arabic Shakila, SHAQUILA means "beautiful."
Girl/Female
Tamil
Shivanne | ஷிவாà®à®¨à¯‡
Goddess Parvati
Male
Cornish
, noble youth, or page.
Male
Italian
Italian, Portuguese and Spanish form of Latin Renatus, RENATO means "reborn."
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Sun Light; Universe
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Decorated
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
A Loving and Caring Person to All
Boy/Male
Greek American
Gift. Also a. Poet John Keats described the moment of discovery when explorers stood 'silent upon...
Girl/Female
Danish, German, Polish, Swedish
Violet
XIONGNU
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XIONGNU