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Feeding mainly on seeds
dictionary. Seed predation, often also called granivory, is a type of plant-animal interaction in which animals feed mainly on the seeds of plants. Granivores
Seed_predation
Species of flowering plant
relocate the seeds away from the nest to avoid the risk of fungal spread. Removal of seeds from the parent plant helps to reduce seed predation from predators
Asarum_canadense
Common name for several different ants
common name for any of the species or genera of ants that collect seeds (called seed predation), or mushrooms as in the case of Euprenolepis procera, which
Harvester_ant
Reproductive structure in plants
to get the seed to poor farmers. Thus the use of farmer-retained seed remains quite common. Seeds are also eaten by animals (seed predation), and are also
Seed
Man-made ball of clay with seeds inside
vegetation to land by throwing or dropping seed balls. It is used in modern aerial seeding as a way to deter seed predation. It has also been popularized by green
Seed_ball
Biological interaction
scavenge; it overlaps with herbivory, as seed predators and destructive frugivores are predators. Predation behaviour varies significantly depending on
Predation
Feeding strategy for many animals
Egg predation or ovivory is a carnivorous feeding strategy in many groups of animals (ovivores) in which they consume eggs. Since a fertilized egg represents
Egg_predation
Fruit of forest trees like acorns and other nuts
seed releases can effectively exceed seed predation and improve the chance of successful establishment of seeds in future seasons. The pollination efficiency
Mast_seeding
Obsession with drinking blood
Sexual cannibalism Herbivores Folivore Florivore Frugivore Graminivore Seed predation Nectarivore Mellivory Palynivore Xylophagy Osteophagy Cellular Phagocytosis
Clinical_vampirism
Nut of the oak tree
(1971), Richard F. Johnson, Peter W. Frank and Charles Michner (ed.), "Seed Predation by Animals", Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 2 (1): 465–492
Acorn
Killing and sometimes eating of potential competitors
Intraguild predation, or IGP, is the killing and sometimes eating of a potential competitor of a different species. This interaction represents a combination
Intraguild_predation
Species of palm
standleyanum) seeds by spiny rats (Proechimys semispinosus). Journal of Tropical Ecology 13(1) 51-58. Jansen, P. A., et al. (2010). Seed predation and defleshing
Astrocaryum_standleyanum
Act of voluntarily ingesting feces
feces, possibly out of boredom, a desire for warm food, or to reingest seeds contained in the feces. In humans, coprophagia has been described since
Coprophagia
Practice of animals eating their own mating partners
ISSN 1465-7279. Polis, G A (1981). "The Evolution and Dynamics of Intraspecific Predation". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 12 (1): 225–251. Bibcode:1981AnRES
Sexual_cannibalism
Practice of humans eating other humans
cannibalism, and it is common in many species, especially among fish. Human predation is the hunting of people from unrelated and possibly hostile groups in
Human_cannibalism
Seed dispersal by ants
dispersal to favourable locations for germination, as well as escape from seed predation. Myrmecochory is exhibited by more than 3,000 plant species worldwide
Myrmecochory
Production of seedless fruit without fertilisation
preferred by certain herbivores and so serve as a "decoy defense" against seed predation. Utah juniper has a similar defense against bird feeding. The ability
Parthenocarpy
Species of tree
these fruit characteristics evolved as a defense mechanism against seed predation by long-dead megafauna of the region. However, now it seems to be a
Crescentia_alata
Practice of eating oneself
Sexual cannibalism Herbivores Folivore Florivore Frugivore Graminivore Seed predation Nectarivore Mellivory Palynivore Xylophagy Osteophagy Cellular Phagocytosis
Autocannibalism
Sowing seeds through aerial machinery
inaccessible. Problems with direct broadcast include germination, pests and seed predation by rodents or other wild animals. Transplanting seedlings from a plant
Aerial_seeding
Movement or transport of seeds away from the parent plant
Andresen E. & Levey, D.J. (2004). "Effects of dung and seed size on secondary dispersal, seed predation, and seedling establishment of rainforest trees". Oecologia
Seed_dispersal
Type of herbivory
populations of herbivores exceed historic levels due to reduced hunting or predation pressure. For example, carnivores declined in North America throughout
Browsing_(herbivory)
Compulsive eating of non-food items
Sexual cannibalism Herbivores Folivore Florivore Frugivore Graminivore Seed predation Nectarivore Mellivory Palynivore Xylophagy Osteophagy Cellular Phagocytosis
Pica_(disorder)
Animals with more than 70% meat in their diets
animal that has a diet that is more than 70% meat, either via active predation or by scavenging. The remaining non-meat diet may consist of non-animal
Hypercarnivore
Species of cricket
1999. Gryllus pennsylvanicus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae): laboratory weed seed predation and within field activity-density. J. Econ. Entomol. 92, 825-829. O'Rourke
Gryllus_pennsylvanicus
Animal that feeds on carrion, dead plants, or refuse
carrion, the bodies of animals that have died from causes other than predation or the bodies of animals that have been killed by other predators. However
Scavenger
Plant invasion
and insect seed predation occur in high levels in field populations of kudzu. Seed predation is quite prevalent, with up to 81% of seeds incurring damage
Kudzu_in_the_United_States
Species of legume
their toxin defences, that they are able to withstand significant seed predation. The seeds are quite poisonous, containing toxic alkaloids and special amino
Pentaclethra_macroloba
Organism that eats mostly or exclusively fish tissue
Sexual cannibalism Herbivores Folivore Florivore Frugivore Graminivore Seed predation Nectarivore Mellivory Palynivore Xylophagy Osteophagy Cellular Phagocytosis
Piscivore
Creature that preys on humans
except for the dog which poses lethal hazards for reasons other than predation. In the rare cases in which man-eating wolf attacks occur, the majority
Man-eating_animal
Predator at the top of a food chain
biodiversity. When introduced to subarctic islands, for example, Arctic foxes' predation of seabirds has been shown to turn grassland into the tundra. Such wide-ranging
Apex_predator
Species of invasive crab
maenas can also consume Zostera marina seeds, and experimental work has suggested that this seed predation may reduce eelgrass recovery after meadow
Carcinus_maenas
Species of legume
seed predation which can cause B. alba to abort damaged fruits that are frequented by predators in order to give more nutrients to healthier seed pods
Baptisia_alba
Seed release in response to environment
likely to be chosen. Serotiny occurs less frequently in areas where this seed predation is common. Pyriscence can be understood as an adaptation to an environment
Serotiny
Species of palm
Lopes, Benedito C.; Castellani, Tânia T. (1 December 2011). "Seed dispersal and predation in the palm Syagrus romanzoffiana on two islands with different
Syagrus_romanzoffiana
Species of flowering plant
annual diet of lion-tailed macaques, with the flowers, seeds, and aril being consumed. A seed predation rate of 45% has been estimated in a wet evergreen forest
Cullenia_exarillata
Genus of plants from southeastern Australia
1007/s11258-008-9407-0. S2CID 9479180. Denham AJ, Auld TD (2002). "Flowering, seed dispersal, seed predation and seedling recruitment in two pyrogenic flowering resprouters"
Waratah
Organism that eats mostly fruit
mutualism. Seed dispersal is important for plants because it allows their progeny to move away from their parents over time. The advantages of seed dispersal
Frugivore
Species of beetle
Micheal D. K.; Liebman, Matt; Leon, Ramon G. (2015). "Postdispersal Weed Seed Predation and Invertebrate Activity Density in Three Tillage Regimes". Weed Science
Harpalus_pensylvanicus
Ecosystem that is void of large mammals
seeds. Furthermore, when seed predation is down, trees with large seeds begin to completely dominate those with small seeds, changing the balance of plant
Empty_forest
Organism that eats mostly or exclusively animal tissue
(mainly muscle, fat and other soft tissues) as food, whether through predation or scavenging. The technical term for mammals in the order Carnivora is
Carnivore
Loss or extinctions of animals in the forests
population expansion and accompanying defaunation. Changes in predation dynamics, seed predation, seed dispersal, carrion removal, dung removal, vegetation trampling
Defaunation
Eating members of one's own species
more vulnerable prey. However, the time necessitated by such selective predation could result in a failure to meet the predator's self-set nutritional
Cannibalism
Substance consumed for nutrition
then excretes the seeds some distance away, allowing greater dispersal. Even seed predation can be mutually beneficial, as some seeds can survive the digestion
Food
eating flower tissue prior to seed coat formation Frugivore: eating fruits Graminivore: eating grasses Granivore: eating seeds Nectarivore: eating nectar
List_of_feeding_behaviours
Species of mammal
ISBN 978-0-07-909508-4. OL 2193631M. Janzen, David H. (1981). "Digestive Seed Predation by a Costa Rican Baird's Tapir". Biotropica. 13 (2): 59–63. Bibcode:1981Biotr
Baird's_tapir
Lemurs from Madagascar that are represented by recent (subfossil) remains
leaf-eating and seed predation. The giant lemurs likely filled ecological niches now left vacant, particularly seed dispersal for plants with large seeds. There
Subfossil_lemur
Species of New World monkey
are medium-sized (50 cm), mostly frugivorous primates, specialised in seed predation. The genus name Chiropotes comes from Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír), meaning
Black_bearded_saki
Organism which eats insects
Sexual cannibalism Herbivores Folivore Florivore Frugivore Graminivore Seed predation Nectarivore Mellivory Palynivore Xylophagy Osteophagy Cellular Phagocytosis
Insectivore
Herbivorous animal that specializes in eating leaves
Sexual cannibalism Herbivores Folivore Florivore Frugivore Graminivore Seed predation Nectarivore Mellivory Palynivore Xylophagy Osteophagy Cellular Phagocytosis
Folivore
Animal that feeds on decomposing plant and animal parts as well as faeces
Sexual cannibalism Herbivores Folivore Florivore Frugivore Graminivore Seed predation Nectarivore Mellivory Palynivore Xylophagy Osteophagy Cellular Phagocytosis
Detritivore
Species of tree from Madagascar
disturbed habitats, there is a noticeable lack of young trees. Fires, seed predation, competition from weeds, and an altered physical environment might be
Adansonia_grandidieri
Fire-adapted trait in plants
2021-12-03. Denham, Andrew J.; Auld, Tony D. (2002). "Flowering, seed dispersal, seed predation and seedling recruitment in two pyrogenic flowering resprouters"
Pyrogenic_flowering
Ecological niche involving feeding on blood
Sexual cannibalism Herbivores Folivore Florivore Frugivore Graminivore Seed predation Nectarivore Mellivory Palynivore Xylophagy Osteophagy Cellular Phagocytosis
Hematophagy
Cell membrane engulfing a large particle
Sexual cannibalism Herbivores Folivore Florivore Frugivore Graminivore Seed predation Nectarivore Mellivory Palynivore Xylophagy Osteophagy Cellular Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis
Feeding on termites or ants
S2CID 84022593. Gotwald, William (1995). Army Ants: the Biology of Social Predation. Comstock Publishing Associates. ISBN 0-8014-2633-2. Hölldobler, Bert;
Myrmecophagy
Organism capable of degrading and metabolising plastic
Sexual cannibalism Herbivores Folivore Florivore Frugivore Graminivore Seed predation Nectarivore Mellivory Palynivore Xylophagy Osteophagy Cellular Phagocytosis
Plastivore
Organism that breaks down dead or decaying organisms
Sexual cannibalism Herbivores Folivore Florivore Frugivore Graminivore Seed predation Nectarivore Mellivory Palynivore Xylophagy Osteophagy Cellular Phagocytosis
Decomposer
Genus of plants
offer and spatial distribution on fruit production and pre-dispersal seed predation in Xanthosoma daguense (Araceae)", Biotropica, 37 (3): 373–380, Bibcode:2005Biotr
Xanthosoma
Chilean and Argentine coniferous tree
Sanguinetti, Javier; Kitzberger, Thomas (10 May 2009). "Factors controlling seed predation by rodents and non-native Sus scrofa in Araucaria araucana forests:
Araucaria_araucana
Species of flowering plant
soil properties mediate the population‐level consequences of rodent seed predation on Blanketflower, Gaillardia aristata". Journal of Ecology. 107 (1):
Gaillardia_aristata
Organism that eats mostly or exclusively plant material
List of herbivorous animals Plant-based diet Productivity (ecology) Seed predation Tritrophic interactions in plant defense Veganism Vegetarianism "symbiosis
Herbivore
To feed by hunting and eating snakes
immunity is not acquired and has probably evolved as an adaptation to predation by venomous snakes in their habitat. In Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book
Ophiophagy
Type of interaction between species
host's body; an ectoparasite lives outside, on the host's surface. Like predation, parasitism is a type of consumer–resource interaction, but unlike predators
Parasitism
Animals that feed by straining food from water
bivalves are filter feeders (although some have taken up scavenging and predation), extracting organic matter from the sea in which they live. Nephridia
Filter_feeder
Aquatic animal that feeds on the bottom of a body of water
Sexual cannibalism Herbivores Folivore Florivore Frugivore Graminivore Seed predation Nectarivore Mellivory Palynivore Xylophagy Osteophagy Cellular Phagocytosis
Bottom_feeder
Open habitat vegetated primarily by non-woody plants
earlier in the season. Additionally, it might allow for longer periods of seed predation. Also problematic is the lack of the insulating snow cover, possibly
Meadow
Species of aquatic plant
substrate for prey items, Experimental work in Sweden has also shown that seed predation by the shore crab Carcinus maenas can reduce eelgrass recruitment, potentially
Zostera_marina
Practice of eating insects by organisms
Sexual cannibalism Herbivores Folivore Florivore Frugivore Graminivore Seed predation Nectarivore Mellivory Palynivore Xylophagy Osteophagy Cellular Phagocytosis
Entomophagy
Species of weevil in the family of Brentidae
of wild indigo (genus Baptisia) plants; the larvae feed on seeds in the pods. Seed predation by weevils can adversely affect reproduction of the Baptisia
Trichapion_rostrum
Medical condition
Sexual cannibalism Herbivores Folivore Florivore Frugivore Graminivore Seed predation Nectarivore Mellivory Palynivore Xylophagy Osteophagy Cellular Phagocytosis
Pagophagia
Genus of trees
pecans, suggesting that the trees gradually developed defenses to rodent seed predation.[citation needed] During this time, the genus had a distribution across
Hickory
Digestion of wood
Sexual cannibalism Herbivores Folivore Florivore Frugivore Graminivore Seed predation Nectarivore Mellivory Palynivore Xylophagy Osteophagy Cellular Phagocytosis
Xylophagy
Act of mammals eating the placenta of their young after childbirth
Sexual cannibalism Herbivores Folivore Florivore Frugivore Graminivore Seed predation Nectarivore Mellivory Palynivore Xylophagy Osteophagy Cellular Phagocytosis
Placentophagy
Animal that can eat and survive on both plants and animals
Rosenblatt, A. E.; Heithaus, M. R.; Mazzotti, F. J. (2013). "Frugivory and seed dispersal by crocodilians: an overlooked form of saurochory?". Journal of
Omnivore
Genus of flowering plants
Marc; Albre, Jérôme; Dejean, Alain; Barabé, Denis (November 2002). "Seed Predation in Philodendron solimoesense (Araceae) by Chalcid Wasps (Hymenoptera)"
Philodendron
Interspecies animal behavior
Cat predation on wildlife is the result of the natural instincts and behavior of feral and owned house cats to hunt small prey, including wildlife. Some
Cat_predation_on_wildlife
Neotropical genus of macaws
Norconk, Marilyn A.; Wertis, Catherine; Kinzey, Warren G. (1997). "Seed predation by monkeys and macaws in eastern Venezuela: Preliminary findings". Primates
Ara_(bird)
Species of ant
of trees that have fully developed seeds. Predation rates by M.capitatus of E. paularense seeds is about 43.3%. Seed collection by ants is due to preference
Messor_capitatus
Extinct genus of rodents
the tree squirrel (Paraxerus cepapi) in marula (Sclerocarya birrea) seed predation, dispersal and germination". Journal of Tropical Ecology. 28 (2): 230
Josephoartigasia
Feeding on mucus of fishes or invertebrates
Sexual cannibalism Herbivores Folivore Florivore Frugivore Graminivore Seed predation Nectarivore Mellivory Palynivore Xylophagy Osteophagy Cellular Phagocytosis
Mucophagy
Plants that consume animals
acids and ammonium ions) either through increased growth or pollen and/or seed production. However, plants that may opportunistically utilise nutrients
Carnivorous_plant
Plant species in the geranium family
PMID 24767122. Harmon, G. D.; Stamp, N. E. (1992). "Effects of Postdispersal Seed Predation on Spatial Inequality and Size Variability in an Annual Plant, Erodium
Erodium_cicutarium
Genus of plants
Studies of post-dispersal seed survival showed that seed size was not a determinant. The highest amount of seed predation came from mammals. Heliconia
Heliconia
Method of feeding in herbivores, eating grasses and other plants
eating woody twigs and leaves from trees and shrubs. Grazing differs from predation because the organism being grazed upon may not be killed. It differs from
Grazing_(behaviour)
Parasitic insect reproductive strategy
Sexual cannibalism Herbivores Folivore Florivore Frugivore Graminivore Seed predation Nectarivore Mellivory Palynivore Xylophagy Osteophagy Cellular Phagocytosis
Anautogeny
Botanical term
Hawthorn, Wayne R.; Hayne, P. D. (1 January 1978). "Seed production and predispersal seed predation in the biennial composite species, Arctium minus (Hill)
Phyllary
Large species of lemur
rainforest sifakas, consisting primarily of leaves (folivory) and seeds (seed predation). It is highly varied and includes many plant species. A two-month
Silky_sifaka
Genus of Late Jurassic armored dinosaur
"Interactions between Mesozoic Plants and Vertebrates:Fructifications and seed predation". N. Jb. Geol. Paläontol. Abhandl. 167 (2): 224–50. Bibcode:1984NJGPA
Stegosaurus
Genus of palms
Rodríguez M, M. Delibes and JM Fedriani. 2014. Hierarchical levels of seed predation variation by introduced beetles on an endemic Mediterranean palm. PLOS
Chamaerops
Practice of embryos feeding on eggs
without ingesting further eggs. Oophagy is used as a synonym of the egg predation practised by some snakes and other animals. Oophagy is used to describe
Oophagy
Species of rodent endemic to South Africa
in seed predation and hoarding in the fynbos, potentially contributing to the evolution of myrmecochory as a mechanism to evade rodent seed predation. Palmer
Cape_spiny_mouse
Practice of eating earth or soil-like substrates
layer. These parrots regularly eat seeds and unripe fruits containing alkaloids and other toxins that render the seeds and fruits bitter and even lethal
Geophagia
North American species of pine tree
Siepielski, Adam M.; Benkman, Craig W. (October 2008). "Seed Predation and Selection Exerted by a Seed Predator Influence Subalpine Tree Densities". Ecology
Pinus_flexilis
Species of grass
producing many seeds in response to decreased seed predation. In contrast, it was found to have a lower seed production at higher predation rate areas. Red
Chionochloa_rubra
Eating of arachnids
Sexual cannibalism Herbivores Folivore Florivore Frugivore Graminivore Seed predation Nectarivore Mellivory Palynivore Xylophagy Osteophagy Cellular Phagocytosis
Arachnophagy
Postpartum eating of human placenta
Sexual cannibalism Herbivores Folivore Florivore Frugivore Graminivore Seed predation Nectarivore Mellivory Palynivore Xylophagy Osteophagy Cellular Phagocytosis
Human_placentophagy
Form of pollination
effect of pollen source vs. flower type on progeny performance and seed predation under contrasting light environments in a cleistogamous herb". PLOS
Self-pollination
Changes in patterns of biological consumption
Sexual cannibalism Herbivores Folivore Florivore Frugivore Graminivore Seed predation Nectarivore Mellivory Palynivore Xylophagy Osteophagy Cellular Phagocytosis
Xenophagy
Fungus which traps and eats tiny animals
Sexual cannibalism Herbivores Folivore Florivore Frugivore Graminivore Seed predation Nectarivore Mellivory Palynivore Xylophagy Osteophagy Cellular Phagocytosis
Carnivorous_fungus
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