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Replicative transposition is a mechanism of transposition in molecular biology, proposed by James A. Shapiro in 1979, in which the transposable element
Replicative_transposition
DNA sequences that jump/transpose within a genome
transposons transpose through the cut-and-paste mechanism. In some cases, a replicative transposition is observed in which a "complex transposon" replicates itself
Transposable_element
Virus that has DNA as its genetic material
dsDNA viruses are replicated as part of a process called replicative transposition whereby a viral genome in a host cell's DNA is replicated to another part
DNA_virus
DNA sequence whose position in the genome is variable
duplicates the transposition element leaving a transposition element in its original location and a new transposon at the reciprocal replication site. In doing
Mobile_genetic_elements
Virus classification system made by David Baltimore
replicated as part of a process called replicative transposition, whereby a viral genome that is integrated into a host cell's genome is replicated to
Baltimore_classification
Family of viruses
replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell. Replication follows the replicative transposition model
Siphoviridae
American biologist
Shapiro was the first to propose replicative transposition as a detailed molecular mechanism for genetic mobility by transposable elements, such as the Tn3 ampicillin
James_A._Shapiro
Region within a prokaryotic cell containing genetic material
Wada M, Imamoto F (1989). "Participation of hup gene product in replicative transposition of Mu phage in Escherichia coli". Gene. 76 (2): 353–8. doi:10
Nucleoid
Family of viruses
translation and begins to manufacture new viruses. Replication follows the replicative transposition model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of
Myoviridae
Biological process
RNA fragments, and a low processivity DNA polymerase distinct from the replicative polymerase enters to fill the gaps. When this is complete, a single nick
DNA_replication
Sequence in a genome
ensure timely replication of the entire genome. Additionally, many more replicative helicases are loaded than activated to initiate replication in a given
Origin_of_replication
Type of transposable element
is bypassed during transposition. The sequential model differs in that a circular intermediate is a required step of transposition and because, until
Helitron_(biology)
Simple, or conservative transposition, is a non-replicative mode of transposition. That is, in conservative transposition the transposon is completely
Conservative_transposition
Type of behavior of a dynamical system
the replicative ability of existing cells are timely, and may easily lead to significant insights and advances. A variation of self replication is of
Self-replication
another. There are a number of different transposition mechanisms in nature, but Tn10 uses the non-replicative cut-and-paste mechanism. The transposase
Tn10
Genus of viruses
viral genome is copied 50–100 times in the host chromosome via replicative transposition. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. Translation
Muvirus
Data entry error
reading. "Transposition error" may be confused with "transcription error", but they do not mean the same thing. As the name suggests, transposition errors
Transcription_error
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
J, Feschotte C, Mason CE, Kentsis A (September 2015). "Genomic DNA transposition induced by human PGBD5". eLife. 4 e10565. doi:10.7554/eLife.10565. PMC 4625184
PiggyBac transposable element derived 5
PiggyBac_transposable_element_derived_5
or a replicative mechanism, in a process known as transposition. transposition The process by which a nucleic acid sequence known as a transposable element
Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (M–Z)
Glossary_of_cellular_and_molecular_biology_(M–Z)
Genus of viruses
flexible tail ejection system. Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Replication follows the replicative transposition model. DNA-templated transcription is
Lambdavirus
Genus of viruses
long flexible tail ejection system. Replication follows the DNA strand displacement, via replicative transposition model. DNA templated transcription is
Ceduovirus
viral vector dependent on the assistance of a helper virus in order to replicate, and can be used for purposes such as gene therapy. Naturally occurring
Helper_dependent_virus
All genetic material of an organism
Retrotransposons are composed of DNA, but are transcribed into RNA for transposition, then the RNA transcript is copied back to DNA formation with the help
Genome
Genus of viruses
cytoplasm via long flexible tail ejection system. Replication follows the replicative transposition model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of
Tunavirus
Type of transposable element in genomes
characteristic of transposition. In many reactions, the transposon is completely excised from the donor site in what is called a "cut and paste" transposition and inserted
DNA_transposon
Enzyme that catalyzes movement of transposable elements
typically by a cut-and-paste mechanism or a replicative mechanism, in a process known as transposition. The word "transposase" was coined by the individuals
Transposase
Infectious agent that replicates in cells
in that transcription can occur off both strands in a double-stranded replicative intermediate. Examples include geminiviruses, which are ssDNA plant viruses
Virus
Genus of viruses
long flexible tail ejection system. Replication follows the DNA strand displacement, via replicative transposition model. DNA-templated transcription is
Tequintavirus
Realm of viruses
is replicated through various methods, including rolling circle replication and as a byproduct of transposition. At the same time as replication, viral
Efunaviria
Mobile genetic element found in prokaryotes
(April 1979). "Molecular model for the transposition and replication of bacteriophage Mu and other transposable elements". PNAS. 76 (4): 1933–1937. Bibcode:1979PNAS
Tn3_transposon
Low bitrate digital audio enhancement technique
lower and midfrequencies of the spectrum, while SBR replicates higher frequency content by transposing up harmonics from the lower and midfrequencies at
Spectral_band_replication
Genus of viruses
cytoplasm via long flexible tail ejection system. Replication follows the replicative transposition model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of
Spbetavirus
Genus of viruses
cytoplasm via long flexible tail ejection system. Replication follows the replicative transposition model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of
Psimunavirus
Small DNA molecule within a cell
use of the host replicative enzymes to make copies of themselves, while larger plasmids may carry genes specific for the replication of those plasmids
Plasmid
Genus of viruses
cytoplasm via long flexible tail ejection system. Replication follows the replicative transposition model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of
Ravinvirus
Genus of viruses
cytoplasm via long flexible tail ejection system. Replication follows the replicative transposition model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of
Lomovskayavirus
Transposable elements (transposons, TEs, 'jumping genes') are short strands of repetitive DNA that can self-replicate and translocate within genomes of
Epigenetic regulation of transposable elements in the plant kingdom
Epigenetic_regulation_of_transposable_elements_in_the_plant_kingdom
Viral parasites of giant viruses
viruses. Virophages rely on the viral replication factory of the co-infecting giant virus for their own replication. One of the characteristics of virophages
Virophage
Genus of viruses
flexible tail ejection system. Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Replication follows the replicative transposition model. DNA-templated transcription is
Fromanvirus
Condition in which organs are reversed
population (1 in 10,000 people). Most commonly, it involves complete transposition (right to left reversal) of all of the viscera, known as situs inversus
Situs_inversus
Variation of minimax game tree search
nodes from the search tree. Transposition tables selectively memoize the values of nodes in the game tree. Transposition is a term reference that a given
Negamax
DNA region replicating from a single origin
region of an organism's genome that is independently replicated from a single origin of replication[citation needed]. A bacterial chromosome contains a
Replicon_(genetics)
Biological process
usually occurs as part of a larger cell cycle in which the cell grows and replicates its chromosome(s) before dividing. In eukaryotes, there are two distinct
Cell_division
Genetic segments that can enhance their own transmission at the expense of other genes
Langley CH (February 1986). "The evolution of self-regulated transposition of transposable elements". Genetics. 112 (2): 359–83. doi:10.1093/genetics/112
Selfish_genetic_element
Class of transposable elements that cause hybrid dysgenesis in eukaryotes
transposase needed for transposition. The same sequence that encodes the transposase also encodes a suppressor of transposition, which accumulates in the
P_element
DNA that does not code for proteins
control gene expression; scaffold attachment regions; origins of DNA replication; centromeres; and telomeres. Some non-coding regions appear to be mostly
Non-coding_DNA
Synthetic DNA transposon for vertebrate genetic modification
one DNA site to another in a simple, cut-and-paste manner (Fig. 1). Transposition is a precise process in which a defined DNA segment is excised from
Sleeping Beauty transposon system
Sleeping_Beauty_transposon_system
Evolutionary algorithm
recombination, gene transposition, root transposition, domain-specific mutation, domain-specific inversion, domain-specific transposition, and so on, are
Gene_expression_programming
Removal of an amino group from a molecule
base pairs with cytosine instead of thymine. This results in a post-replicative transition mutation, where the original A-T base pair transforms into
Deamination
Complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans
regions, telomeres, centromeres, and origins of replication. In addition, there are large numbers of transposable elements, inserted viral DNA, non-functional
Human_genome
1976 chess computer
alpha-beta pruning. The computer also had one megabyte of memory for storing transposition tables. At the end of its career, Belle was donated to the Smithsonian
Belle_(chess_machine)
Cer6 is a LTR retrotransposon
PMC 311226. PMID 11731497. Snyder, L.; Champness, W. (2003). "Ch. 9: Transposition and site-specific recombination". Molecular Genetics of Bacteria (2nd ed
Cer6_(retrotransposon)
Process by which a genome changes in structure or size over time
structure in which each individual has only two sets of 23 chromosomes. Transposable elements are regions of DNA that can be inserted into the genetic code
Genome_evolution
Process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA
a necessary step in the synthesis of viral proteins needed for viral replication. This process is catalyzed by a viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase. A
Transcription_(biology)
Viral elements in human DNA
repetitive and transposable elements. Transposable elements are sequences of DNA that can move or "jump" around the genome, sometimes replicating and inserting
Human_endogenous_retrovirus-W
American scientist and cytogeneticist (1902–1992)
Dissociation and Activator could transpose, or change position, on the chromosome. She observed the effects of the transposition of Ac and Ds by the changing
Barbara_McClintock
Phylogenetic group described in January 2024
determined, as are issues such as their life cycles, and what factors their replication depend on. They have been detected in hot springs and oceans. A total
Obelisk_(biology)
Transfer of genes from unrelated organisms
be co-opted by the host genome to perform new functions. Moreover, transposition activity increases the TE copy number and generates chromosomal rearrangement
Horizontal_gene_transfer
Biological process
including genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation, repression of transposable elements, aging, and carcinogenesis. As of 2016, two nucleobases have
DNA_methylation
Subviral agent which depends on a helper virus for its replication
depends on the coinfection of a host cell with a helper virus for its replication. Satellites can be divided into two major groups: satellite viruses and
Satellite_(biology)
Circular single-stranded RNA(s) dependent on viruses for replication
Virusoids are circular single-stranded RNA(s) dependent on viruses for replication and encapsidation. The genome of virusoids consists of several hundred
Virusoid
Species of virus
Shapiro JA (1979). "Molecular model for the transposition and replication of bacteriophage Mu and other transposable elements". Proceedings of the National
Bacteriophage_Mu
Molecular mechanism for the formation of new genes
for two proteins: ORF1 and ORF2, which are necessary for transposition. Upon transposition, L1 associates with 3' flanking DNA and carries the non-L1
Exon_shuffling
Cell organelle in a few species
Fungal prion Nucleic acid self-replication Mobile genetic elements Mobilome Horizontal gene transfer Genomic island Transposable element Class I or retrotransposon
Mitosome
Two rules about the percentage of A, C, G, and T in DNA strands
is the consequence of genomes evolving by a process of inversion and transposition. This process does not appear to have acted on the mitochondrial genomes
Chargaff's_rules
Computer user interface method
operating system as part of its GUI and widget toolkit. The capability to replicate information with ease, changing it between contexts and applications,
Cut,_copy,_and_paste
British costume and set designer (1934–2022)
suggested that he transposed the era of the story from the 1930s to the Edwardian era, to ensure he avoided any accidental replications. He made the set
Tony_Walton
DNA sequences with no known biological function
for ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA, regulatory sequences, origins of replication, centromeres, telomeres, and scaffold attachment regions are considered
Junk_DNA
Enzyme that creates mutations in DNA
a U:G mismatch. AID is a member of the APOBEC family. The cell's DNA replication machinery recognizes the U as a T, and hence C:G is converted to a T:A
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase
Activation-induced_cytidine_deaminase
Long terminal repeat retrotransposon, a genetic element
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements (TEs) characterized by the presence of long terminal repeats (LTRs) directly flanking an internal
LTR_retrotransposon
Mobile genetic element in the primate genome (including human genome)
luteus (Alu) restriction endonuclease. Alu elements are the most abundant transposable elements in the human genome, present in excess of one million copies
Alu_element
Defective viral particles
template-switching during replication of the viral genome, although non-replicative mechanisms involving direct ligation of genomic RNA fragments have also
Defective interfering particle
Defective_interfering_particle
Inherited retrovirus encoded in an organism's genome
structure, HERVs were subjected to many rounds of amplification and transposition, which led to a more widespread distribution of retroviral DNA. Nevertheless
Endogenous_retrovirus
Replacement, insertion, or deletion of a single DNA or RNA nucleotide
and function. Point mutations usually take place during DNA replication. DNA replication occurs when one double-stranded DNA molecule creates two single
Point_mutation
Type of RNA molecules
have been working on discovering a ribozyme with the capacity to self-replicate, which would require it to have the ability to catalytically synthesize
Ribozyme
Group of viruses
strand of DNA, yielding a double-stranded circle, sometimes called the replicative form (RF) DNA. The complementary strand of the RF is the transcription
Ff_phages
American biochemist
because some of them release proteins that aid in transposition. When the proteins are released, transposition of the DNA sequence is stopped, and Baker wanted
Tania_A._Baker
Painting by Jacques-Louis David
oath itself was an element of the Brutus legend which David artistically transposed to the Horatii. Similar license was taken with the composition of Brutus:
The Lictors Bring to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons
The_Lictors_Bring_to_Brutus_the_Bodies_of_His_Sons
Musical composition technique
refers to the "rule" explaining the number of parts, places of entry, transposition, and so on, according to which one or more additional parts may be derived
Canon_(music)
Realm of viruses
in host recognition. Viruses in the realm use a variety of methods to replicate their genomes and rely on host machinery for transcription. Virions are
Adnaviria
Group of transposable elements
disorder Rett syndrome, which carry MeCP2 mutations, exhibit increased L1 transposition, suggesting a link between L1 activity and neurological disorders. Current
LINE1
1981 song by Heaven 17
the UK singles chart earlier in the year, "I'm Your Money" failed to replicate the success and failed to chart, although it did reach number 59 on the
I'm_Your_Money
Enhancement of Alpha–Beta game tree search
still use a form of NegaScout in their search. Most chess engines use a transposition table in which the relevant part of the search tree is stored. This
Principal_variation_search
Congenital discontinuity of the oesophagus
include gastrostomy followed by gastric pull-up, colonic transposition and jejunum transposition. Gastric pull-up has been the preferred approach at many
Esophageal_atresia
Realm of viruses
includes all viruses that use a homologous RNA-dependent polymerase for replication. It includes RNA viruses that encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Riboviria
sequences (and often the E. coli reporter gene and origin of replication, etc.). Random transposition occurs, inserting the reporter gene randomly. The insertion
Transposons_as_a_genetic_tool
Organelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for respiration
mitochondrion. In other eukaryotes (in mammals for example), mitochondria may replicate their DNA and divide mainly in response to the energy needs of the cell
Mitochondrion
Type of nucleic acid sequence
can have deleterious effects and unregulated transposition can cause genetic disease. The transposition and recombination of SINEs and other active nuclear
Short interspersed nuclear element
Short_interspersed_nuclear_element
Branch of virology
sequence is known and a susceptible host cell capable of supporting its replication is available. As of March 2020, the full-length genome sequences of 9
Synthetic_virology
Measure of covariance of components of a random vector
contrast to the covariance matrix defined above, Hermitian transposition gets replaced by transposition in the definition. Its diagonal elements may be complex
Covariance_matrix
American activist and editor (1943–2024)
was being treated in individual therapy. His writing also reflected a transposition of this analysis to economics. After serving for five years as dean
Michael_Lerner_(rabbi)
Protein and coding gene in humans
proviral DNA. Such hypermutation ultimately destroys the coding and replicative capacity of the virus, resulting in many nonviable virions. APOBEC3G
APOBEC3G
Duplication of a gene sequence within a genome
breakpoints, which form direct repeats. Repetitive genetic elements such as transposable elements offer one source of repetitive DNA that can facilitate recombination
Gene_duplication
Medical condition
production and providing a barrier against ascending infection—cannot be replicated. Furthermore, the success rate of uterovaginal anastomosis is less than
Cervical_agenesis
Tumor cell
cell at an increased level. These damages, upon replication of the cell's DNA, may cause replication errors, including mutations that lead to cancer.
Cancer_cell
Ancestor of all current life on Earth
unknown if it could replicate DNA: as Weiss et al. write, it "might just have been a chemically stable repository for RNA-based replication". It is likely
Last universal common ancestor
Last_universal_common_ancestor
Pathogenic type of misfolded protein
including HIV. The first hypothesis that tried to explain how prions replicate in a protein-only manner was the heterodimer model. This model assumed
Prion
Patterns of nucleic acids that occur in multiple copies throughout the genome
is an absence of selection for specific sequences depending on how transposition or crossing over occurs. However, an abundance of neutral repeats can
Repeated_sequence_(DNA)
Latin term meaning outside a natural biological environment
includes models that do not involve the entire host. Viruses, which only replicate in living cells, are studied in the laboratory in cell or tissue culture
In_vitro
Species of shark
Greenland Shark genome are transposable elements, commonly referred to as jumping genes, which are genes that can self-replicate. These genes often cause
Greenland_shark
REPLICATIVE TRANSPOSITION
REPLICATIVE TRANSPOSITION
Boy/Male
Hindu
Replicate
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Replicate; Format
Boy/Male
Tamil
Praroop | பà¯à®°à®¾à®°à¯‚பÂ
Replicate
REPLICATIVE TRANSPOSITION
REPLICATIVE TRANSPOSITION
Boy/Male
Tamil
Trilokarakshaka | தà¯à®°à®¿à®²à¯‹à®•à®°à®•à¯à®·à®•
Protector of the three worlds
Girl/Female
Greek
Name of a woman who gave her life to save her hushand.
Boy/Male
German
Strong as a boar.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Possessing Divine Surplus
Boy/Male
Muslim
Brave
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Yorkshire)
English (chiefly Yorkshire) : topographic name for someone who lived by a hedged or fenced enclosure (Old English haga), or a habitational name from a place named with this word (or its Old Norse cognate hagi), especially three places called Haigh, two in West Yorkshire and the other near Manchester.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Peak
Boy/Male
Hindu
The Moon
Boy/Male
English
From the hillslope estate.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Whiteness, Martyr in the cause of Islam
REPLICATIVE TRANSPOSITION
REPLICATIVE TRANSPOSITION
REPLICATIVE TRANSPOSITION
REPLICATIVE TRANSPOSITION
REPLICATIVE TRANSPOSITION
a.
Double; formed by reduplication; reduplicate.
a.
Explicative.
a.
Folded over or backward; folded back upon itself; as, a replicate leaf or petal; a replicate margin of a shell.
n.
An answer; a reply.
a.
Capable of being applied or used; applying; applicatory; practical.
a.
Having the quality of subdividing into two by natural growth.
a.
Having the power of vellicating, plucking, or twitching; causing vellication.
a.
Serving to unfold or explain; tending to lay open to the understanding; explanatory.
v. t.
To reply.
n.
Return or repercussion, as of sound; echo.
v. i.
To answer, as the defendant to the plaintiff's replication.
a.
Having the quality of duplicating or doubling.
n.
The reply of the plaintiff, in matters of fact, to the defendant's plea.
n.
The defendant's answer to the plaintiff's replication.
a.
Having the property of applying; applicative; practical.
a.
To defeat or evade; to invalidate. Thus, in a replication, the plaintiff may deny the defendant's plea, or confess it, and avoid it by stating new matter.
a.
Tending to implicate.
a.
Double; doubled; reduplicative; repeated.
a.
Alt. of Replicated
n.
A repetition; a copy.