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Layer of loose, superficial deposits covering solid rock
Regolith (/ˈrɛɡəlɪθ/) is a blanket of unconsolidated, loose, heterogeneous superficial deposits covering solid rock. It includes dust, broken rocks, and
Regolith
Rock dust covering the Moon
Lunar regolith is the unconsolidated material found on the surface of the Moon and in the Moon's tenuous atmosphere. Lunar soil typically refers to only
Lunar_regolith
Fine regolith found on the surface of Mars
Martian regolith is the fine blanket of unconsolidated, loose, heterogeneous superficial deposits covering the surface of Mars. The term Martian soil typically
Martian_regolith
Recreation of lunar dust
A lunar regolith simulant is a terrestrial material synthesized in order to approximate the chemical, mechanical, engineering, mineralogical, or particle-size
Lunar_regolith_simulant
Type of heavily eroded terrain
characterized by steep slopes, minimal vegetation, lack of a substantial regolith, and high drainage density. Ravines, gullies, buttes, hoodoos and other
Badlands
Solid rock under loose surface material
rock and unconsolidated or loose superficial deposits (together known as regolith) in the near surface part of Earth's crust or the crust of another terrestrial
Bedrock
NASA asteroid sample return mission (2016-2023)
of life on Earth. Following the completion of the primary OSIRIS-REx (Regolith Explorer) mission, the spacecraft, renamed as OSIRIS-APEX (Apophis Explorer)
OSIRIS-REx
Material used to simulate the properties of Martian regolith
Martian regolith simulant (or Martian soil simulant) is a terrestrial material that is used to simulate the chemical and mechanical properties of Martian
Martian_regolith_simulant
In situ resources on the Moon
Earth's surface where they would contribute directly to the global economy. Regolith (lunar soil) is the easiest product to obtain; it can provide radiation
Lunar_resources
Soviet space probe that landed on Venus in 1982
the ground, pyrotechnic lens cap removal and its impact on regolith, and action of the regolith drilling apparatus.[citation needed] The descent lasted for
Venera_13
Structure and composition of the Moon
term mega-regolith is often used to describe the heavily fractured bedrock directly beneath the near-surface regolith layer. The regolith contains rocks
Geology_of_the_Moon
Natural satellite orbiting Earth
hydrosphere, atmosphere, and magnetic field. The lunar surface is covered in regolith dust, which mainly consists of the fine material ejected from the lunar
Moon
Chemically weathered rock
represent deep weathering of the bedrock surface. In lateritic regoliths – regoliths are the loose layer of rocks that rest on the bedrock – saprolite
Saprolite
Presence of water on the Moon
(less than about 10 centimetres (3.9 in)) chunks of ice mixed into the regolith, and some water is chemically bonded with minerals. Other experiments have
Lunar_water
Cutting-edge research laboratory at Kennedy Space Center, FL, US (founded 2012)
technology development. Those laboratories are the Granular Mechanics and Regolith Operations Lab, the Electrostatics and Surface Physics Lab, the Applied
Swamp_Works
Hypothetical aggregate building material, similar to concrete, formed from lunar regolith
hypothetical construction aggregate, similar to concrete, formed from lunar regolith, that would reduce the construction costs of building on the Moon. AstroCrete
Lunarcrete
2025 lunar landing mission
500-kilometer-wide (310 mi) lunar basin. Its 60-day mission aimed to analyze lunar regolith, study geophysical characteristics, and investigate interactions between
Blue_Ghost_Mission_1
Slow, downward progression of rock and soil down a low grade slope
Downhill creep, also known as soil creep or commonly just creep, is a type of creep characterized by the slow, downward progression of rock and soil down
Downhill_creep
Outermost layer of the Earth
organisms and associated organic matters), lithosphere (unconsolidated regolith and consolidated bedrock) and the hydrosphere (water in, on and below the
Pedosphere
Regolith-hosted rare earth element deposits (also known as ion-adsorption deposits) are rare-earth element (REE) ores in decomposed rocks that are formed
Regolith-hosted rare earth element deposits
Regolith-hosted_rare_earth_element_deposits
First crewed Moon landing (1969)
Aldrin's bootprint, part of an experiment to test the properties of the lunar regolith
Apollo_11
Main-belt asteroid
processes. Galileo observed evidence of recent downslope regolith movement. Ida's regolith is composed of the silicate minerals olivine and pyroxene
243_Ida
Martian moons lander
kg, solar-powered rover carrying a suite of instruments for surface and regolith investigations: the RAman spectrometer for MMX (RAX), a miniaturized infrared
Idefix_(rover)
terrestrial planets have either surfaces of ice, or surface crusts of rock or regolith, with distinct terrains. Water ice predominates surfaces in the Solar System
Planetary_surface
American engineer
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). She contributed to the 2017 Regolith and Environment Science and Oxygen and Lunar Volatiles Extraction (RESOLVE)
Josephine_Santiago-Bond
Rocks on or from the Moon
those in the maria. The terrae consist dominantly of mafic plutonic rocks. Regolith breccias with similar protoliths are also common. Mare basalts come in
Moon_rock
NASA rover exploring Mars since 2012
compositions of rock and regolith, while the RMI gives ChemCam scientists high-resolution images of the sampling areas of the rocks and regolith that LIBS targets
Curiosity_(rover)
NASA Mars rover deployed in 2021
ancient life, study the planet's geology and climate, and collect rock and regolith samples for possible return to Earth by a future mission. Perseverance
Perseverance_(rover)
American space and aeronautics agency
conducted uncrewed lunar landings and takeoffs, as well as taking surface and regolith observations. Despite the setback caused by the Apollo 1 fire, which killed
NASA
Larger of the two moons of Mars
Spectral observations indicate that the surface regolith layer lacks hydration, but ice below the regolith is not ruled out. Surface temperatures range from
Phobos_(moon)
Earth, a natural material
environment. In engineering terms, soil is included in the broader concept of regolith, which also includes other loose material that lies above the bedrock,
Soil
Fourth-largest asteroid
"fairly dusty object", with a regolith layer consisting mostly of fine dust rather than coarse rock. This fine regolith has a low thermal inertia, meaning
10_Hygiea
Blue Origin lunar lander test flight
scientists better understand the effects of rocket exhaust on the Moon's regolith, providing valuable insights for future Artemis missions. Similar SCALPSS
Blue Moon Pathfinder Mission 1
Blue_Moon_Pathfinder_Mission_1
missions to that planet. For example, Mars regolith has been attempted to be replicated by Mars regolith simulant. Some examples of analog tests with
List_of_Mars_analogs
S-type asteroid in the inner asteroid belt with stony mineralogical composition
large regolith, but one has to explain how the original regolith appeared. A possible resolution of the issue may be that Gaspra obtained a regolith during
951_Gaspra
Indian lunar sample-return mission
launch around 2028. It is planned to return up to 3 kg (6.6 lb) of lunar regolith. The aim of the mission is to collect samples from the lunar surface and
Chandrayaan-4
Model plant species in the family Brassicaceae
variation in the plants grown in regolith based on the location the samples were taken from, as A. thaliana grown in regolith gathered during Apollo 12 & Apollo
Arabidopsis_thaliana
Long-term human settlement on the Moon
A depiction by ESA from 2018 of a future moonbase being shielded by in-situ utilized regolith
Moonbase
Raised landform with a flat top
Broekert, P. (eds.). Regolith Landscape Evolution Across Australia: A Compilation of Regolith Landscape Case Studies With Regolith Landscape Evolution
Tableland
Planned sample-return mission by Japan to Phobos
before transferring to Phobos, where it will land once or twice and collect regolith samples using a pneumatic sampling system. The mission is designed to return
Martian_Moons_eXploration
First epoch of the Quaternary Period
"Mid-Pleistocene transition in glacial cycles explained by declining CO2 and regolith removal | Science Advances". Science Advances. 5 (4) eaav7337. doi:10.1126/sciadv
Pleistocene
Product of rock weathering in wet tropical climates rich in iron and aluminium
to be abandoned altogether. At least a few researchers specializing in regolith development, including T. R. Paton and M. A. J. Williams, have suggested
Laterite
Helium isotope with two protons and one neutron
on the Moon than on Earth, having been deposited in the upper layer of regolith by the solar wind over billions of years, though still lower in abundance
Helium-3
Glacially formed accumulation of debris
A moraine is any accumulation of unconsolidated debris (regolith and rock), sometimes referred to as glacial till, that occurs in both currently and formerly
Moraine
Field of research
target was quickly followed by research into the use of planetary dirt or 'regolith' being used for construction and manufacturing purposes both in-situ on
Astrometallurgy
Hypothesized climate effects due to an asteroid or comet impact on Earth
main mechanisms that could lead to an impact winter are mass ejection of regolith and multiple firestorms. In a study conducted by Curt Covey et al., it
Impact_winter
borderzone between several cratons. Due to thick Cenozoic sediment cover and regolith development few outcrops are available in Paraguay. East of Paraguay River
Geology_of_Paraguay
Enigmatic features on the lunar surface
immature (i.e. having the optical characteristics of a relatively young regolith), and (often) having a sinuous shape. Their curvilinear shape is often
Lunar_swirls
National space agency of the People's Republic of China
Kamoʻoalewa and the active asteroid 311P/PanSTARRS. It will also collect regolith samples of Kamo'oalewa. CNSA is an agency created in 1993 when the Ministry
China National Space Administration
China_National_Space_Administration
design and build a robotic Lunar excavator capable of mining regolith and icy regolith simulants. Some of the deliverables include a Project Management
NASA's_Lunabotics_Competition
Second largest main-belt asteroid
as a dwarf planet today.[citation needed] Vesta's surface is covered by regolith distinct from that found on the Moon or asteroids such as Itokawa. This
4_Vesta
to venture out into the vacuum of space. Pronounced "Razor", stands for Regolith Advanced Surface Systems Operations Robot. It is a lunar robot that will
List_of_NASA_robots
Large craton in Western Australia
prolonged erosion, sedimentation and redeposition of older cover sequences and regolith as well as the Archaean basement itself. Recognised Tertiary cover sequences
Yilgarn_Craton
Carbonaceous Apollo asteroid
equator of Bennu. The presence of this ridge suggests that fine-grained regolith particles have accumulated in this area, possibly because of its low gravity
101955_Bennu
Naturally occurring materials found on Earth
the father of pedology; A is the topsoil; B is a regolith; C is a saprolite, a less-weathered regolith; the bottom-most layer represents the bedrock.
Earth_materials
Country in Oceania
However, about 80 per cent of Australia is covered by sedimentary rocks and regolith that are less than 250 million years old. The Australian climate ranges
Australia
NASA space competition inducement prize contests
Lunar Lander Prizes". NASA. Retrieved June 28, 2012. NASA-Regolith Excavation Challenge Regolith Excavation Challenge Archived July 25, 2011, at the Wayback
Centennial_Challenges
Radial streaks of material thrown out during formation of an impact crater
underlying material. Micrometeorites in particular produce a glassy melt in the regolith that lowers the albedo. Rays can also become covered by lava flows (such
Ray_system
Spacecraft intended to land on the surface of the Moon
twice, before coming to rest inside the crater. The impact also kicked up regolith that coated the solar panels in dust, further degrading their performance
Lunar_lander
Crater on Miranda
calculating a regolith thickness of 1.4+0.3 −0.4 km for the region the crater formed in. This may represent the upper limit of regolith thickness on Miranda
Alonso_(crater)
Lunar crater
impact that formed it penetrated, in order, regolith on the avalanche deposit, the avalanche deposit, regolith on a basalt flow, a basalt flow overlying
Shorty_(crater)
Dust floating in space
dust also includes cometary dust, planetary dust (e.g. from Mars), lunar regolith, asteroidal dust, dust from the Kuiper belt, and interstellar dust passing
Cosmic_dust
Indian lunar mission (2023–Present)
the upper layers of the lunar regolith, and that it was formed in a Cake-like Stratigraphy. The upper layers of the regolith were found to be highly cohesive
Chandrayaan-3
Type of igneous and meta-igneous rock
rich, calcium, potassium and phosphorus poor soil that develops on the regolith derived from ultramafic rocks. Ultramafic rocks also contain elevated amounts
Ultramafic_rock
Third crewed Moon landing
impacts would provide data about seismic wave transmission in the Moon's regolith. The mortar shells were not to be fired until the astronauts had returned
Apollo_14
Calcium endmember of the plagioclase feldspar series
varieties of chondritic meteorites. List of minerals Lunar highlands Lunar regolith Wikimedia Commons has media related to Anorthite. Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC
Anorthite
Spanish physicist
things, the water exchange cycle between the atmosphere and the Martian regolith. Martin-Torres is also a Co-I on the Mars Science Laboratory/Curiosity
Javier_Martín-Torres
Orbital radius at which a satellite might break up due to gravitational force
This represents the orbital distance inside of which loose material (e.g. regolith) on the surface of the satellite closest to the primary would be pulled
Roche_limit
Chemical element with atomic number 5 (B)
form. Extremely small traces of elemental boron were detected in Lunar regolith. Although boron is a relatively rare element in the Earth's crust, representing
Boron
Plain where the bedrock has been subject to considerable subsurface weathering
exposed at a stripped etchplain, that is an etch surface, after erosion of regolith is one with many irregularities as result of structurally defined areas
Etchplain
Lunar crater explored on Apollo 16
the leader of the Apollo 16 field geology team 61135 rock regolith breccia an ancient regolith breccia that became a closed system about 3.9 b.y. ago; and
Flag_(crater)
Failed Russian lunar lander
(66 lb) of scientific instruments, including instruments for analyzing lunar regolith and measuring plasma in the exosphere. Luna 25 lifted off on August 10
Luna_25
Smaller and outer moon of Mars
Phobos, caused by the partial filling of craters with regolith.[citation needed] The regolith is highly porous and has a radar-estimated density of only
Deimos_(moon)
Astronautical use of materials harvested in outer space
technologies have been investigated. For water that is chemically bound to regolith, solid ice, or some manner of permafrost, sufficient heating can recover
In_situ_resource_utilization
Dwarf planet in the asteroid belt
phyllosilicates that have been altered by water, though water ice in the regolith varies from approximately 10% in polar latitudes to much drier, even ice-free
Ceres_(dwarf_planet)
feldspathic regolith breccia Calcalong Creek ~1990 19 basalt-bearing feldspathic regolith breccia QUE 93069/94269 1993–1994 24 feldspathic regolith breccia
List_of_lunar_meteorites
“fluffy” surface layer that is less densely packed than surrounding lunar regolith. The resulting region of low surface density has a lower thermal inertia
Cold_spot_(astronomy)
Isolated, steep rock hill on relatively flat terrain
rectilinear sides typically found in arid regions; regolith-covered concave-convex hills; rock crests over regolith slopes; rock domes with near vertical sides;
Inselberg
Mars-crossing small asteroid
mesosiderite contribution); which could also indicate that the surface regolith has undergone space weathering. These observations also reveal differences
(101429)_1998_VF31
Lunar feature with first proven lunar cave
and about 20 K cooler at day. The warmest pits were equatorial pits with regolith-covered floors, whose floors could reach over 420 K, but even in those
Mare_Tranquillitatis_pit
Hypothetical modification of Mars into an Earth-like habitable planet
at sea level. It is estimated that there is sufficient CO 2 ice in the regolith and the south polar cap to form a 30 to 60 kilopascals [kPa] (4.4 to 8
Terraforming_of_Mars
of spectrophotometric and angular scattering properties of planetary regoliths, served on Voyager and Cassini instrument teams, and was the Project Scientist
Meanings of minor-planet names: 6001–7000
Meanings_of_minor-planet_names:_6001–7000
Effects of astronomic impacts on crusts of moons and planets
accumulates at the object's surface as a rough "soil," commonly referred to as regolith. Subsequent impacts, especially by micrometeorites, stir and mix this soil
Impact_gardening
Type of behavior of a dynamical system
processing lunar regolith, and the differences between the ratio of elements needed by the replicator, and the ratios available in regolith. The limiting
Self-replication
Method of viewing geological details from aerial images
identify decreases in surface elevation in natural terrain. and river courses Regolith mapping helps distinguish different kinds of superficial deposits which
Aerial photograph interpretation (geology)
Aerial_photograph_interpretation_(geology)
Meteorite found in Western Sahara
has also indicated that it represents a unique view of C-type asteroid regolith based on micro-scale dehydration textures found throughout the meteorite
Jbilet_Winselwan_meteorite
Organization established by NASA in 2008
in Orlando. Focus: Regolith of the Moon and asteroids, specifically looking at the physical properties and resources of regolith and its behavior in
Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute
Solar_System_Exploration_Research_Virtual_Institute
Pattern observed on the Moon's surface
R–S T–Z Ray systems Permanently shadowed craters South Pole–Aitken basin Regolith swirls Rilles Wrinkle ridges Rocks Lunar basalt 70017 Changesite-(Y) Water
Man_in_the_Moon
Science of planets and planetary systems
gardening). For example, the thin dust cover on the surface of the lunar regolith is a result of micrometeorite bombardment. Hydrological features: the liquid
Planetary_science
Facility where humans could live on Mars
ex-situ to Mars. For example, one idea is to use the locally available regolith to shield against radiation exposure, and another idea is to use transparent
Mars_habitat
Achondritic stony meteorite
subdivided further: Main series eucrites formed near the surface and are mostly regolith breccias lithified under the pressure of overlying newer deposits. Stannern
Eucrite
Soviet crewed moonbase project
safety of the crew, the habitation modules might have been covered with regolith. In order to allow for exploration or repositioning of the base, the habitation
Zvezda_(moonbase)
Topics referred to by the same term
also refer to: Space debris, or human-made objects abandoned in space Regolith, loose particulate soil of which dust is a main component, typically in
Space_dust_(disambiguation)
Natural hazard involving ground movement
another been used to cover almost all forms of mass movement of rocks and regolith at the Earth's surface. In 1978, geologist David Varnes noted this imprecise
Landslide
Igneous rock
component of the surface regolith of Mars. The palagonitic tephra from a cinder cone in Hawaii has been used to create Martian regolith simulant for researchers
Palagonite
Spacecraft propulsion using steam as propellant
propulsion. WINE developed a method of extracting volatiles from ice, ice-rich regolith, and hydrated soils and uses it as steam propulsion which allows the spacecraft
World Is Not Enough (spacecraft propulsion)
World_Is_Not_Enough_(spacecraft_propulsion)
Planned NASA lunar rover
conductivity of the regolith. In addition, measuring the force necessary to drill reveals geotechnical properties of the regolith. NIRVSS will determine
VIPER_(rover)
Rock fragments detached from original outcrop
bedrock, which ensues in underestimating the deepness and density of soils, regoliths, and weathering outlines. Loose rock pieces laying around on the surface
Floater_(geology)
specializing in understanding the properties of asteroid surfaces and regolith using radar scattering measurements. JPL · 10278 10279 Rhiannonblaauw 1981
Meanings of minor-planet names: 10001–11000
Meanings_of_minor-planet_names:_10001–11000
Particle physicist
samples had confirmed the presence of solar-wind–implanted 3He in lunar regolith as early as the 1970s, with peer-reviewed publications reporting concentrations
Frank_Close
REGOLITH
REGOLITH
REGOLITH
REGOLITH
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Judge
Girl/Female
French, German
Little and Womanly
Male
Egyptian
, a royal scribe.
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil
Goddess Name
Boy/Male
British, English
From the Temple Settlement
Boy/Male
Tamil
Jyotirmaya | ஜà¯à®¯à¯‹à®¤à®¿à®°à¯à®®à®¯
Imbued with light
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Apple
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Expounder of Islamic Law; Jurist
Girl/Female
Hindu
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Moon
REGOLITH
REGOLITH
REGOLITH
REGOLITH
REGOLITH