Search references for MULTIPLE INSTRUCTION-SINGLE-DATA. Phrases containing MULTIPLE INSTRUCTION-SINGLE-DATA
See searches and references containing MULTIPLE INSTRUCTION-SINGLE-DATA!MULTIPLE INSTRUCTION-SINGLE-DATA
Parallel computing architecture
In computing, multiple instruction, single data (MISD) is a type of parallel computing architecture where many functional units perform different operations
Multiple instruction, single data
Multiple_instruction,_single_data
Type of parallel processing
Single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) is a type of parallel computing (processing) in Flynn's taxonomy. SIMD describes computers with multiple processing
Single instruction, multiple data
Single_instruction,_multiple_data
Parallel computing execution model
Single instruction, multiple threads (SIMT) is an execution model used in parallel computing where a single central "control unit" broadcasts an instruction
Single instruction, multiple threads
Single_instruction,_multiple_threads
Computing technique employed to achieve parallelism
In computing, multiple instruction, multiple data (MIMD) is a technique employed to achieve parallelism. Machines using MIMD have a number of processor
Multiple instruction, multiple data
Multiple_instruction,_multiple_data
Class of computer architecture
single instruction stream, single data stream (SISD) is a computer architecture in which a single uni-core processor executes a single instruction stream
Single instruction, single data
Single_instruction,_single_data
Computing technique used to achieve parallelism
computing, single program, multiple data (SPMD) is a term that has been used to refer to computational models for exploiting parallelism whereby multiple processors
Single_program,_multiple_data
Type of parallel computing architecture of tightly coupled nodes
based on spatial designs. They are sometimes classified as multiple-instruction single-data (MISD) architectures under Flynn's taxonomy, but this classification
Systolic_array
Use of two or more central processing units (CPUs) within one computer system
execute a single sequence of instructions in multiple contexts (single instruction, multiple data (SIMD), often used in vector processing), multiple sequences
Multiprocessing
Model that describes the programmable interface of a computer processor
four instructions. 3-operand, allowing better reuse of data: CISC — It becomes either a single instruction: add a,b,c C = A+B needs one instruction. CISC
Instruction_set_architecture
The x86 instruction set has several times been extended with SIMD (Single instruction, multiple data) instruction set extensions. These extensions, starting
List_of_x86_SIMD_instructions
Topics referred to by the same term
(computing), aka a data pipeline, a set of data processing elements connected in series Protocol pipelining, a technique in which multiple requests are written
Pipelining
Programming paradigm in which many processes are executed simultaneously
The single-instruction-single-data (SISD) classification is equivalent to an entirely sequential program. The single-instruction-multiple-data (SIMD) classification
Parallel_computing
CPU that implements instruction-level parallelism within a single processor
processor (or multiple-issue processor) is a CPU that implements a form of parallelism called instruction-level parallelism within a single processor. In
Superscalar_processor
Intel SIMD processor supplementary instruction sets introduced by Intel
Extensions 2) is one of the Intel SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) processor supplementary instruction sets introduced by Intel with the initial
SSE2
Classification of computer architectures
had multiple cores) and older mainframe computers. A single instruction is simultaneously applied to multiple different data streams. Instructions can
Flynn's_taxonomy
Computer processor which works on arrays of several numbers at once
accelerators but these are invariably Single instruction, multiple threads (SIMT) and occasionally Single instruction, multiple data (SIMD). Vector machines appeared
Vector_processor
SIGGRAPH—Special Interest Group on Graphics SIMD—Single instruction, multiple data SIM—Subscriber Identity Module SIMM—Single inline memory module SIP—Session Initiation
List of computing and IT abbreviations
List_of_computing_and_IT_abbreviations
Instruction set designed by Intel
MMX is a single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) instruction set architecture extension* designed by Intel, introduced on January 8, 1997 with its Pentium
MMX_(instruction_set)
Ability of a CPU to provide multiple threads of execution concurrently
ability of a central processing unit (CPU) (or a single core in a multi-core processor) to provide multiple threads of execution. The multithreading paradigm
Multithreading (computer architecture)
Multithreading_(computer_architecture)
Ability of computer instructions to be executed simultaneously with correct results
average number of instructions run per step of this parallel execution. ILP must not be confused with concurrency. In ILP, there is a single specific thread
Instruction-level_parallelism
Computer chip instruction set extension
computing, Streaming SIMD Extensions (SSE) is a single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) instruction set extension to the x86 architecture, designed by
Streaming_SIMD_Extensions
Type of computer instruction set
instruction includes the address of the data. One-address machines have the disadvantage that even simple actions like an addition require multiple instructions
Orthogonal_instruction_set
addressing of units of data (such as bytes) that are smaller than some of the data formats. In some architectures, an instruction has a single opcode. In others
Comparison of instruction set architectures
Comparison_of_instruction_set_architectures
List of x86 microprocessor instructions
The x86 instruction set refers to the set of instructions that x86-compatible microprocessors support. The instructions are usually part of an executable
List_of_x86_instructions
Errors in computer data that introduce unintended changes to the original data
evaluate parity bits for data across a set of hard disks and can reconstruct corrupted data upon the failure of a single or multiple disks, depending on the
Data_corruption
Topics referred to by the same term
School District (Iowa) Macomb Intermediate School District Multiple instruction, single data, a parallel computing architecture Misdemeanor, a criminal
MISD
Mainframe computer, 1960s
power-on time it is in multiple tag mode, compatible with the 709 and 7090, and requires a Leave Multiple Tag Mode instruction in order to enter seven
IBM_7090
Computer architecture to aid parallelism
processor chip design company Single instruction, multiple data – Type of parallel processing Single instruction, multiple threads – Parallel computing
Very_long_instruction_word
Hardware cache of a central processing unit
have a hierarchy of multiple cache levels (L1, L2, often L3, and rarely even L4), with separate instruction-specific (I-cache) and data-specific (D-cache)
CPU_cache
Instructions directly executable by a computer
which must run on multiple instruction-set-incompatible processor platforms. This property is also used to find unintended instructions called gadgets in
Machine_code
long instruction word (VLIW, Multiple Instruction Multiple Data (MIMD), up to 256 bit) instruction set it additionally uses a 4-way single instruction, multiple
FR-V_(microprocessor)
Base memory unit handled by a computer
fixed-sized datum handled as the natural or historical unit of data by the instruction set or the hardware of a processor. The number of bits or digits
Word_(computer_architecture)
Class of computer processors
processor where a single instruction operates simultaneously on multiple data items (and thus is referred to as a single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) processor)
Scalar_processor
Central computer component that executes instructions
every instruction. Using Flynn's taxonomy, these two schemes of dealing with data are generally referred to as single instruction stream, multiple data stream
Central_processing_unit
Component of computer engineering
programs, all single- or multi-chip CPUs: Read an instruction and decode it Find any associated data that is needed to process the instruction Process the
Microarchitecture
Instruction set extension by Intel
implementations. Besides widening most 256-bit instructions, the extensions introduce various new operations, such as new data conversions, scatter operations, and
AVX-512
Abstract machine that uses only one instruction
that uses only one instruction – obviating the need for a machine language opcode. With a judicious choice for the single instruction and given arbitrarily
One-instruction_set_computer
Data processing chain
(CPUs) and other microprocessors to allow overlapping execution of multiple instructions with the same circuitry. The circuitry is usually divided up into
Pipeline_(computing)
Processor executing one instruction in minimal clock cycles
architecture in which the instructions that perform arithmetic and tests operate only on the registers, and the instructions that access data in the main memory
Reduced instruction set computer
Reduced_instruction_set_computer
Computer synchronizing instruction
barrier, also known as a membar, memory fence or fence instruction, is a type of barrier instruction that causes a central processing unit (CPU) or compiler
Memory_barrier
Parallel processing technique
performing parallel operations on data contained in a processor register. SIMD stands for single instruction, multiple data. Many modern general-purpose computer
SWAR
Way in which data is arranged and accessed in computer memory
that the data's memory address is a multiple of the data size. For instance, in a 32-bit architecture, the data may be aligned if the data is stored
Data_structure_alignment
Specialized microprocessor optimized for digital signal processing
often use special memory architectures that are able to fetch multiple data or instructions at the same time. Digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms
Digital_signal_processor
Computer architecture hardware algorithm
algorithm for dynamic scheduling of instructions that allows out-of-order execution and enables more efficient use of multiple execution units. It was developed
Tomasulo's_algorithm
Computer architecture where code and data each have a separate bus
signal pathways for instructions and data. It is often contrasted with the von Neumann architecture, where program instructions and data share the same memory
Harvard_architecture
Extension to the x86 instruction set by AMD
instruction set developed by Advanced Micro Devices (AMD). It adds single instruction multiple data (SIMD) instructions to the base x86 instruction set
3DNow!
Topics referred to by the same term
Institute of Management and Technology Single instruction, multiple threads, relates to single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) Saigon Institute of Management
SIMT
Quickly accessible working storage available as part of a digital processor
or pi. Vector registers hold data for vector processing done by SIMD instructions (Single Instruction, Multiple Data). Status registers hold truth values
Processor_register
Serial interface for testing integrated circuits
in JTAG. Multiple silicon architectures, such as PowerPC, MIPS, ARM, and x86, built an entire software debug, instruction tracing, and data tracing infrastructure
JTAG
SIMD CPU instruction set
and vector scalar addition/multiplication, process multiple bytes of data in a single CPU instruction. The parallel operation packs noticeable increases
SSE4
Fault-tolerant computer system
SIMT (Single instruction, multiple threads) architecture, lockstep execution ensures that all threads in a warp execute the same kernel instruction at the
Lockstep_(computing)
Type of machine learning model
including the use of external tools and data sources, improved reasoning on complex problems, and enhanced instruction-following or autonomy through prompting
Large_language_model
Instructions for the x86 microprocessors
a single instruction on multiple pieces of data (see SIMD). Each YMM register can hold and do simultaneous operations (math) on: eight 32-bit single-precision
Advanced_Vector_Extensions
Computer architecture treating code and data similarly, though not usually identically
systems integrated onto single chips), the use of different memory technologies for instructions (e.g. flash memory) and data (typically read/write memory)
Modified_Harvard_architecture
Register that stores where in a program a processor is executing
phases of multiple instructions simultaneously. The very long instruction word (VLIW) architecture, where a single instruction can achieve multiple effects
Program_counter
Computer component
corresponding instruction and data caches, but also how these are fragmented across multiple pages. Similar to caches, TLBs may have multiple levels. CPUs
Translation_lookaside_buffer
Parallelization across multiple processors in parallel computing environments
use both the techniques of operating on multiple data in space and time using a single instruction. Most data parallel hardware supports only a fixed
Data_parallelism
Family of RISC-based computer architectures
instructions, but these operated on each vector element sequentially and thus did not offer the performance of true single instruction, multiple data
Arm_architecture_family
Component of a computer process
science, a thread of execution is the smallest sequence of programmed instructions that can be managed independently by a scheduler, which is typically
Thread_(computing)
Type of computer instructions
manipulation instructions are instructions that perform bit manipulation operations in hardware, rather than requiring several instructions for those operations
Bit_manipulation_instructions
Open-source CPU instruction set architecture
use the floating-point registers' bits to perform parallel single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) sub-word arithmetic. In 2017 a vendor published a more
RISC-V
Processor with instructions capable of multi-step operations
A complex instruction set computer (CISC /ˈsɪsk/) is a computer architecture in which single instructions can execute several low-level operations (such
Complex instruction set computer
Complex_instruction_set_computer
Atomic computer processor instruction
In computer science, compare-and-swap (CAS) is an atomic instruction used in multithreading to achieve synchronization. It compares the contents of a
Compare-and-swap
Aspect of the instruction set architecture of CPUs
set aside in the instruction to specify the addressing mode. The DEC VAX allowed multiple memory operands for almost all instructions, and so reserved
Addressing_mode
Layer of hardware-level instructions or data structures
microcode is a layer of low-level control data or instructions used to implement a processor's instruction set architecture or internal control sequences
Microcode
16-bit minicomputer series
by fetching up to 11 instructions from memory before they were needed. Data General also produced a series of microNOVA single-chip implementations of
Data_General_Nova
to the chipset. No integrated graphics. L1 cache: 96 KB (32 KB data + 64 KB instruction) per core. L2 cache: 512 KB per core. Node/fabrication process:
List_of_AMD_Ryzen_processors
Brand of SoCs by Qualcomm
Qualcomm for data centers. The Centriq central processing unit (CPU) uses the ARM RISC instruction set, with multiple CPU cores in a single chip. In November
Qualcomm_Centriq
Series of 16-bit computers by Texas Instruments
(swap multiple) XORM (xor multiple) ORM (or multiple) ANDM (and multiple) SM (subtract multiple) AM (add multiple) The multiple precision instructions allowed
TI-990
Industrial standard for programmable logic controllers
data type Enumerated data type with named value Subrange data type – puts limits on value i.e., INT(4 .. 20) for current Array data type – multiple values
IEC_61131-3
Instruction pipeline
instruction fetch has a latency of one clock cycle (if using single-cycle SRAM or if the instruction was in the cache). Thus, during the Instruction Fetch
Classic_RISC_pipeline
8-bit microprocessor
one memory access or internal operation. Multiple instructions actually end during the M1 of the next instruction which is known as a fetch/execute overlap
Zilog_Z80
Range of mainframe computers in the 1960s and 70s
Group produced a family of large 48-bit mainframes using stack machine instruction sets with dense syllables. The first machine in the family was the B5000
Burroughs_Large_Systems
Classification of computer architectures
(see NEC SX architecture). This scheme uses the SIMD (single instruction stream, multiple data stream) category from Flynn's taxonomy as a root class
Duncan's_taxonomy
Low-level programming language family
languages reflect these differences. Multiple sets of mnemonics or assembly-language syntax may exist for a single instruction set, typically instantiated in
Assembly_language
Open-source network switching framework
Vector processing is the process of processing multiple packets at a time, with low latency. Single packet processing and high latency are present in
Vector_Packet_Processing
Type of computing architecture
cores. Multiple virtual cores can push threadlets into the reorder buffer of a single physical core, which can split partial instructions and data from
VISC_architecture
Form of parallel computing
cycle. DDR2 SDRAM transfers a minimum of 256 bits per burst. Single Instruction, Multiple Data (SIMD) SIMD Within A Register David E. Culler, Jaswinder Pal
Bit-level_parallelism
Microprocessor instruction set architecture
a single instruction word contains multiple instructions encoded in one very long instruction word to facilitate the processor executing multiple instructions
IA-64
Theoretical computer used for teaching
by an instruction, its value may also be used for data memory addressing and as a target address in instruction memory for branching instructions. To facilitate
Hack_computer
Combinational digital circuit
one data bit at a time although they often presented a wider word size to programmers. The first computer to have multiple parallel discrete single-bit
Arithmetic_logic_unit
Microprocessor
intended to support multiple control chips to allow implementation of additional instructions such as the Commercial Instruction Set (CIS), but no such
DEC_J-11
Programming language for experimentation or art
various orangutan sounds like "Ook. Ook?" Befunge allows the instruction pointer to roam in multiple dimensions through the code. For example, the following
Esoteric_programming_language
IBM's 64-bit instruction set architecture implemented by its mainframe computers
virtual addressing in a non-privileged instruction to control the copying of a page of data in or between multiple media "MVPG faster than MVCL for aligned
Z/Architecture
Computing paradigm to improve computational efficiency
In this paradigm, a processor executes instructions in an order governed by the availability of input data and execution units, rather than by their
Out-of-order_execution
Microprocessor microarchitecture
many instructions as possible belonging to a single serial thread, in a given window of time; however, the time to execute a single instruction completely
Latency oriented processor architecture
Latency_oriented_processor_architecture
Computer architecture bit width
floating-point arithmetic. Most modern CPUs feature single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) instruction sets (Streaming SIMD Extensions, AltiVec etc.) where
128-bit_computing
Vacuum tube computer system, 1959
instruction set implicitly subdivides the data format into the same fields as type A instructions: prefix, decrement, tag and address. Instructions exist
IBM_709
4-component vector data type in computer science
4D vectors with instructions dealing with 4 lane single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) instructions, usually with a 128-bit data path and 32-bit floating
4D_vector
Teaching by lecture or demonstration
achievement gains using Direct Instruction. Meta-analysis of 85 single-subject design studies comparing direct instruction to other teaching strategies
Direct_instruction
Compact format of microprocessor instructions
instruction set, or simply compressed instructions, are a variation on a microprocessor's instruction set architecture (ISA) that allows instructions
Compressed_instruction_set
Mechanism that ensures threads are not executed in parallel
interpreter lock include: increased speed of single-threaded programs (no necessity to acquire or release locks on all data structures separately), easy integration
Global_interpreter_lock
Efficiency improving technique for superscalar CPUs
are the ability to fetch instructions from multiple threads in a cycle, and a larger register file to hold data from multiple threads. The number of concurrent
Simultaneous_multithreading
Computer processing technique to boost memory performance
processing units (CPUs) to boost execution performance by fetching instructions or data from their primary or main storage in slower memory to a faster local
Cache_prefetching
Topics referred to by the same term
Christmas" Blitzen (computer), an SIMD (single instruction, multiple data) computer system Blitzen, a superhero from multiple Milestone Media comic books Blitzen
Blitzen
Computer instruction set architecture
floating-point instructions. There are provisions for single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) operations on integer and floating-point data on up to 16
Power_ISA
Specialized computer hardware
architectures Single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) Single instruction, multiple threads (SIMT) Multiple instructions, multiple data (MIMD) High-level
Hardware_acceleration
Physical components of a computer
parallelizable in two ways: either the same function is running across multiple areas of data (data parallelism) or different tasks can be performed simultaneously
Computer_hardware
Topics referred to by the same term
may refer to: 2010, in Roman numerals MMX (instruction set), a single-instruction, multiple-data instruction set designed by Intel MMX Mineração, a Brazilian
MMX
Compiler optimization
by the processor by taking advantage of instruction-level parallelism. This is possible when there are no data dependencies between the bodies of the two
Loop_fission_and_fusion
MULTIPLE INSTRUCTION-SINGLE-DATA
MULTIPLE INSTRUCTION-SINGLE-DATA
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English sengler, syngler ‘singular’ (Old French se(i)ngler), perhaps a nickname for a solitary person.German : topographic name for a valley dweller, from a diminutive of Middle High German senke ‘valley’ + the suffix -er, denoting an inhabitant.German : habitational name for someone from Singeln near Waldshut.German : variant of Sing 1.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone living in a small wooded dell or hollow, Middle English dingle (of uncertain origin). There is a district of Liverpool called Dingle.South German : nickname or status name for a smallholder, from Middle High German dingelīn ‘smallholding’.Americanized spelling of the old Prussian name Dingel or Dyngele, possibly from Germanic thing ‘legal assembly’.
Boy/Male
Australian, Vietnamese
Many; Multiple
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from either of two Old Norse personal names: Ingjaldr, in which the prefix in- probably reinforces the element -gjaldr, related to Old Norse gjalda ‘to pay or recompense’, or Ingólfr ‘Ing’s wolf’ (Ing was an ancient Germanic fertility god).English : habitational name from Ingol in Lancashire, which is named from the Old English personal name Inga + holh ‘hollow’, ‘depression’.Probably a variant of German Ingel, from a short form of any of several Germanic personal names formed with Ing- (see 1 above).An early bearer, Richard Ingle (1609–c. 1653), was a rebel and a pirate who first came to the colonies in 1631 or 1632 as a tobacco merchant. He is known to have practiced piracy in MD.
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Instruction
Surname or Lastname
English (West Midlands)
English (West Midlands) : occupational name for a worker in the linen or hemp industry, from an agent derivative of Middle English swingle ‘swingle’ (see Swingle).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived in a place cleared of woods by fire, from Middle English sengle ‘burnt clearing’.German : from a pet form of a short form of a Germanic person name formed with sing ‘sing’ as the first element.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Multiple
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Old English personal name Hringwulf.German : from a short form of a Germanic personal name based on hring ‘ring’.German : metonymic occupational name for a ring maker (see Ringler).German : altered spelling of Ringel, an Old Prussian personal name.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Education; Instruction
Surname or Lastname
English
English : perhaps a metonymic occupational name for a spindle maker, from Middle English spindle, spindel (Old English spinel).Americanized spelling of German and Jewish Spindel.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name from an agent derivative of Middle English tingle (see Tingle).German : occupational or status name for a medieval judge or court official, from Old High German ding ‘legal proceeding’.German : variant of Tengler.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a maker of nails or pins, or nickname for a small, thin man, from Middle English tingle, a kind of very small nail (of North German origin).
Boy/Male
Muslim
Instruction
Male
Norwegian
Norwegian form of Old Norse Sindri, possibly SINDRE means "sparkling."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Ingle.
Boy/Male
Indian
Instruction
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from a place in Northamptonshire named Dingley, possibly from Middle English dingle ‘hollow’ + Old English lēah ‘woodland clearing’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a worker in the linen or hemp industry, from Middle English swingle ‘swingle’, a wooden implement used for beating flax or hemp (Middle Dutch swinghel, from the verb ‘to swing’).Possibly an Americanized spelling of German Zwingel, a topographic name from Middle High German zwingel ‘citadel’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for someone who laid wooden tiles (shingles) on roofs, from an agent derivative of Middle English schingle ‘shingle’.
MULTIPLE INSTRUCTION-SINGLE-DATA
MULTIPLE INSTRUCTION-SINGLE-DATA
Girl/Female
Irish
Light.
Girl/Female
Tamil
The unknown one
Girl/Female
German, Hindu, Indian, Turkish
Calling; Invoking
Female
African
sixth born child.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
Grand; Splendid; Big; Goddess Parvati / Durga; Polite; Marvellous; Very Large
Boy/Male
Indian
Brother
Girl/Female
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sindhi, Telugu
Tender
Girl/Female
Greek American French Latin Irish English
Pure.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Revelation of the Merciful Allah
Boy/Male
Arabic, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Japanese, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Muslim, Oriya, Telugu
A Raga; Powerful; A Pilgrimage at Himalayas
MULTIPLE INSTRUCTION-SINGLE-DATA
MULTIPLE INSTRUCTION-SINGLE-DATA
MULTIPLE INSTRUCTION-SINGLE-DATA
MULTIPLE INSTRUCTION-SINGLE-DATA
MULTIPLE INSTRUCTION-SINGLE-DATA
imp. & p. p.
of Multiply
v. t.
To cover with shingles; as, to shingle a roof.
a.
Manifold; multiple.
a.
Pertaining to, or promoting, instruction; educational.
v. i.
To take the irrregular gait called single-foot;- said of a horse. See Single-foot.
a.
Conveying knowledge; serving to instruct or inform; as, experience furnishes very instructive lessons.
n.
The act of instructing, teaching, or furnishing with knowledge; information.
a.
Performed by one person, or one on each side; as, a single combat.
a.
Not doubled, twisted together, or combined with others; as, a single thread; a single strand of a rope.
adv.
Without partners, companions, or associates; single-handed; as, to attack another singly.
a.
Hence, unmarried; as, a single man or woman.
n. & v.
See Jingle.
n. pl.
See Single, n., 2.
a.
Simple; not wise; weak; silly.
imp. & p. p.
of Single
a.
Having many flues; as, a multiflue boiler. See Boiler.
v. t.
To add (any given number or quantity) to itself a certain number of times; to find the product of by multiplication; thus 7 multiplied by 8 produces the number 56; to multiply two numbers. See the Note under Multiplication.
n.
One who, or that which, multiplies or increases number.
n.
A unit; one; as, to score a single.
a.
Having a single purpose; hence, artless; guileless; single-hearted.