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Computer specialized in running Lisp
Lisp machines are general-purpose computers designed to efficiently run Lisp as their main software and programming language, usually via hardware support
Lisp_machine
Programming language, dialect of Lisp
Technology (MIT) Lisp machines. Lisp Machine Lisp was also the Lisp dialect with the most influence on the design of Common Lisp. Lisp Machine Lisp branched into
Lisp_Machine_Lisp
Computer company (1979–1987)
Lisp Machines, Inc. was a company formed in 1979 by Richard Greenblatt of MIT's Artificial Intelligence Laboratory to build Lisp machines. It was based
Lisp_Machines
Programming language family
Lisp (historically LISP, an abbreviation of "list processing") is a family of programming languages with a long history and a distinctive, fully parenthesized
Lisp_(programming_language)
Programming language standard
work on diverse successors to MacLisp: Lisp Machine Lisp (aka ZetaLisp), Spice Lisp, NIL and S-1 Lisp. Common Lisp sought to unify, standardize, and
Common_Lisp
Programming language
*Lisp (or StarLisp) is a programming language, a dialect of the language Lisp. It was conceived of in 1985 by two employees of the Thinking Machines Corporation
*Lisp
Dialect of Lisp in the Emacs text editor
Emacs Lisp is a Lisp dialect made for GNU Emacs. It is used for implementing most of the editing functionality built into Emacs, the remainder being written
Emacs_Lisp
Defunct American computer manufacturer (1980–1996)
designed and manufactured a line of Lisp machines, single-user computers optimized to run the programming language Lisp. Symbolics also made significant
Symbolics
Dialect of Lisp developed in France
Le Lisp (also Le_Lisp and Le-Lisp) is a programming language, a dialect of the language Lisp. It was developed at the French Institute for Research in
Le_Lisp
Symbolics operating system based on Lisp
commercial operating system and integrated development environment for Lisp machines created by Symbolics. It is essentially a fork of an earlier operating
Genera_(software)
of Lisp machine computers. These computers were sold by Texas Instruments (TI) in the 1980s. The Explorer is based on a design from Lisp Machines Incorporated
Texas_Instruments_Explorer
Lisp software and development tools
Common Lisp Common Lisp Dylan Emacs Lisp EuLisp Franz Lisp GOAL Hy Ikarus Interlisp ISLISP Le Lisp Lisp Flavored Erlang Lisp Machine Lisp Lispkit Lisp Maclisp
List of Lisp software and tools
List_of_Lisp_software_and_tools
Period of reduced funding and interest in AI research
DARPA's cutbacks to academic AI research in general 1987: collapse of the LISP machine market 1988: cancellation of new spending on AI by the Strategic Computing
AI_winter
English programmer, venture capitalist, and writer (born 1964)
Hacker News. He is the author of the computer programming books On Lisp, ANSI Common Lisp, and Hackers & Painters. Technology journalist Steven Levy has described
Paul_Graham_(programmer)
Spice Lisp (Scientific Personal Integrated Computing Environment) is a programming language, a dialect of Lisp. Its implementation, originally written
Spice_Lisp
User interface software toolkit
Symbolics' Lisp machines between 1988 and 1993. ... you can check out Common Lisp Interface Manager (CLIM). A descendant of the Symbolics Lisp machines GUI framework
Common_Lisp_Interface_Manager
American poet
related to the programming language Lisp, and especially Common Lisp. His best known work was a 1990 essay "Lisp: Good News, Bad News, How to Win Big"
Richard_P._Gabriel
Lisp was a computer programming language, a dialect of the Lisp language. It was an object-oriented extension for the Lisp dialect Lisp Machine Lisp,
Object_Lisp
Feature in the programming language Lisp
The Common Lisp Object System (CLOS) is the facility for object-oriented programming in ANSI Common Lisp. CLOS is a dynamic object system which differs
Common_Lisp_Object_System
Abstract machine used as a target for compilers
semantics). Lispkit Lisp was a compiler based on the SECD machine, and the SECD machine has been used as the target for other systems such as Lisp/370. In 1989
SECD_machine
Programming language
to Lisp developed by Howard Cannon at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory for the Lisp machine and its programming language Lisp Machine Lisp. It
Flavors (programming language)
Flavors_(programming_language)
Computer programming environment
to programming interfaces similar to the classic Lisp machine interactive environment or to Common Lisp with the SLIME development environment. Common examples
Read–eval–print_loop
Lispkit Lisp is a lexically scoped, purely functional subset of Lisp (Pure Lisp) developed as a testbed for functional programming concepts. It was first
Lispkit_Lisp
Video game programming language
Game Oriented Assembly Lisp (GOAL, also known as Game Object Assembly Lisp) is a programming language, a dialect of the language Lisp, made for video games
Game_Oriented_Assembly_Lisp
American computer scientist
language. By implementing the Lisp universal evaluator in a lower-level language, it became possible to create the Lisp interpreter; prior development
Steve Russell (computer scientist)
Steve_Russell_(computer_scientist)
Text editor for Lisp machines
MIT Lisp machine and runs on its descendants (Symbolics Genera, LMI Lambda, TI Explorer). Zmacs is written in Lisp Machine Lisp (called ZetaLisp on Symbolics
Zmacs
intelligence Timeline of machine learning Regulation of artificial intelligence The Lambda calculus was an inspiration for the Lisp programming language,
History of artificial intelligence
History_of_artificial_intelligence
Data serialization format
the programming language Lisp, which uses them for source code as well as data. In the usual parenthesized syntax of Lisp, an S-expression is classically
S-expression
Hardware specially designed and optimized for artificial intelligence
artificial intelligence (AI) programs faster, and with less energy, such as Lisp machines, neuromorphic engineering, event cameras, and physical neural networks
Hardware for artificial intelligence
Hardware_for_artificial_intelligence
Intelligence of machines
funding for academic research. However, beginning with the collapse of the Lisp Machine market in 1987, AI once again fell into disrepute, and a second, longer-lasting
Artificial_intelligence
Dialect of Lisp programming language
Maclisp (or MACLISP, sometimes styled MacLisp or MacLISP) is a programming language, a dialect of the language Lisp. It originated at the Massachusetts Institute
Maclisp
Dialect of Lisp
Scheme is a dialect of the Lisp family of programming languages. Scheme was created during the 1970s at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence
Scheme_(programming_language)
BBN LISP (also stylized BBN-Lisp) was a dialect of the Lisp programming language by Bolt, Beranek and Newman Inc. in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It was
BBN_LISP
Graham "CLiki: On Lisp". On Lisp home page Free versions of "On Lisp" On Lisp in pdf-format Archived 2007-03-08 at the Wayback Machine On Lisp in multiple HTML
On_Lisp
Abandoned 1960s programming language proposal
LISP 2 is a programming language proposed in the 1960s as the successor to Lisp. It had largely Lisp-like semantics and ALGOL 60-like syntax. It is remembered
LISP_2
LISP computer programming language variant
AutoLISP is a dialect of the programming language Lisp built specifically for use with the full version of AutoCAD and its derivatives, which include AutoCAD
AutoLISP
Coding language, extension for Erlang
dialect built on Core Erlang and the Erlang virtual machine (BEAM). LFE builds on Erlang to provide a Lisp syntax for writing distributed, fault-tolerant,
LFE_(programming_language)
Dialect of Lisp programming language
newLISP is a scripting language, a dialect of the Lisp family of programming languages. It was designed and developed by Lutz Mueller. Because of its
NewLISP
Instruments' Explorer Lisp machine workstations also had systems code written in Lisp Machine Lisp. Xerox 1100 series of Lisp machines used an operating system
List_of_operating_systems
Theory of software design
the-right-thing". Gabriel offers the examples of the adoption of C over Lisp, Unix over Lisp machines and VMS, and x86 over reduced instruction set computers as examples
Worse_is_better
Programming paradigm
popular in the 1970s and 1980s using list processing languages such as Lisp. Lisp machine hardware gained some notice in the 1980s, and enabled applications
Metaprogramming
The programming language Lisp is the second-oldest high-level programming language with direct descendants and closely related dialects still in widespread
List of Lisp-family programming languages
List_of_Lisp-family_programming_languages
Dialect of the Lisp programming language
and D. L. Murphy. In 1970, Alice K. Hartley implemented BBN LISP, which ran on PDP-10 machines running the operating system TENEX (renamed TOPS-20). In 1973
Interlisp
Programming language, a dialect of the language Lisp
PicoLisp is a programming language, a dialect of the language Lisp. It runs on operating systems including Linux and others that are Portable Operating
PicoLisp
American computer scientist; creator of Morris Worm; associate professor at MIT
[failed verification] In 2008, released the programming language Arc, a Lisp dialect, alongside Paul Graham. In 2010, Morris was awarded the 2010 Special
Robert_Tappan_Morris
American supercomputer and AI firm (1983–1994)
Connection Machine was programmed in a variety of specialized programming languages, including *Lisp and CM Lisp (derived from Common Lisp), C* (derived
Thinking_Machines_Corporation
American activist and programmer (born 1953)
the Lisp machine operating system (the CONS of 1974–1976 and the CADR of 1977–1979—this latter unit was commercialized by Symbolics and Lisp Machines, Inc
Richard_Stallman
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up lisp or Lisp in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A lisp is a type of speech impediment. Lisp or LISP may also refer to: Lisp (programming language)
Lisp_(disambiguation)
Computer science textbook
concepts using Scheme, a dialect of Lisp. It also uses a virtual register machine and assembler to implement Lisp interpreters and compilers. Topics in
Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs
Structure_and_Interpretation_of_Computer_Programs
Lisp programming language system
In computer programming, Franz Lisp is a discontinued Lisp programming language system written at the University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley
Franz_Lisp
American computer programmer
wrote EINE and ZWEI, text editors for MIT Lisp machines. EINE made use of the windowing system of the Lisp machine, and thus is the first Emacs written for
Daniel_Weinreb
Keyboard used on MIT Lisp machines, influential to Emacs
keyboard is a keyboard designed by John L. Kulp in 1978 and used on Lisp machines at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). It inspired several
Space-cadet_keyboard
Two discontinued Emacs-like text editors
written in Lisp. It used Lisp Machine Lisp. Stallman later wrote GNU Emacs, which was written in C and Emacs Lisp and extensible in Emacs Lisp. EINE also
EINE_and_ZWEI
Software
LispWorks is computer software, a proprietary implementation and integrated development environment (IDE) for the programming language Common Lisp. LispWorks
LispWorks
Abstract computational machine model
pointer machine model. Some particular types of pointer machines are called a linking automaton, a KU-machine, an SMM, an atomistic LISP machine, a tree-pointer
Pointer_machine
Open-source programming language
Arc is a programming language, a dialect of the language Lisp, developed by Paul Graham and Robert Morris. It is free and open-source software released
Arc_(programming_language)
falls within the large Lisp family of languages that includes Common Lisp, Scheme, ISLisp, EuLisp, XLisp, and AutoLisp. Lisp was invented by John McCarthy
History of the Scheme programming language
History_of_the_Scheme_programming_language
Lisp dialect
multi-paradigm programming language. The Racket language is a modern dialect of Lisp and a descendant of Scheme. It is designed as a platform for programming
Racket_(programming_language)
Computer programming language
The language was conceived to teach concepts of programming related to Lisp and only later to enable what Papert called "body-syntonic reasoning", where
Logo_(programming_language)
Computer system emulating human expert
the main development environment for expert systems had been high end Lisp machines from Xerox, Symbolics, and Texas Instruments. With the rise of the PC
Expert_system
Early GUI-based computer workstation from Xerox
Star, Xerox 1108 Lisp machine (1981) Dandetiger: Xerox 1109 Lisp machine Daybreak: Xerox 6085 Star successor, Xerox 1186 Lisp machine (1985) The Xerox
Xerox_Star
32-bit parallel computer bus
by Western Digital for their NuMachine, and for the Lisp Machines Inc. LMI Lambda. NuBus was later incorporated in Lisp products by Texas Instruments (Explorer)
NuBus
American scientist (1927–2011)
intelligence" (AI), led the development of the symbolic programming language family Lisp and had a large influence in the language ALGOL, popularized time-sharing
John McCarthy (computer scientist)
John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)
American computer programmer (born 1944)
holds a place of distinction in the communities of the programming language Lisp and of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Artificial Intelligence
Richard Greenblatt (programmer)
Richard_Greenblatt_(programmer)
MultiLisp is a functional programming language, a dialect of the language Lisp, and of its dialect Scheme, extended with constructs for parallel computing
MultiLisp
Practical Common Lisp is an introductory book on the programming language Common Lisp by Peter Seibel. It features a fairly complete introduction to the
Practical_Common_Lisp
Standard Lisp (PSL) is a programming language, a dialect of the language Lisp. PSL was inspired by its predecessor, Standard Lisp and the Portable Lisp Compiler
Portable_Standard_Lisp
Extension language
was a cleaner Lisp dialect than Emacs Lisp, and that GEL could evolve to implement other languages on the same runtime, namely Emacs Lisp. After Lord discovered
GNU_Guile
HTML technical standard document
The Common Lisp HyperSpec is a technical standard document written in the hypertext format Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). It is not the American National
Common_Lisp_HyperSpec
Dialect of Lisp
two Lisp 18-bit pointers in one word: "The PDP-6 project started in early 1963, as a 24-bit machine. It grew to 36 bits for LISP, a design goal." Lisp was
NIL_(programming_language)
Programming language
Common Lisp is a programming language with an integrated development environment (IDE), developed by Franz Inc. It is a dialect of the language Lisp, a commercial
Allegro_Common_Lisp
Common Lisp function that produces formatted text
preferred formatting strings. This functionally originates in MIT's Lisp Machine Lisp, where it was based on Multics. The format function is specified by
Format_(Common_Lisp)
Family of text editors
automate work. Implementations of Emacs typically feature a dialect of the Lisp programming language, allowing users and developers to write new commands
Emacs
Dialect of the Lisp programming language designed to interact with Python
Hy is a dialect of the Lisp programming language designed to interact with Python by translating s-expressions into Python's abstract syntax tree (AST)
Hy_(programming_language)
Dialect of the Lisp programming language on the Java platform
language Lisp on the Java platform. Like most other Lisps, Clojure's syntax is built on S-expressions that are first parsed into data structures by a Lisp reader
Clojure
Established norm or requirement to facilitate consistency
SAE International copyright policy Archived 2012-11-12 at the Wayback Machine "Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and
Technical_standard
Programming language
EuLisp is a statically and dynamically scoped Lisp dialect developed by a loose formation of industrial and academic Lisp users and developers from around
EuLisp
American computer scientist
D-Series Machines: the "Dandelion" (used in the Xerox Star and Xerox 1108 LISP machine), "Dandetiger" (used in the Xerox 1109 LISP machine), "Daybreak"
Butler_Lampson
Garbage collection assisted by hardware mechanisms
functional languages. Research in the 1980s included hardware features in Lisp machines. The Symbolics 3600 used a tagged architecture with per-word tags to
Hardware-assisted garbage collection
Hardware-assisted_garbage_collection
Workstation computer (1985–1989)
Daybreak was also sold as a Xerox 1186 workstation when configured as a Lisp machine. Xerox also produced the Xerox Encryption Unit, intended to "sit atop
Xerox_Daybreak
R6RS Scheme compiler and run-time
a dialect and implementation of the language Scheme which is a type of Lisp. It uses an incremental native-code compiler to produce native binary files
Chez_Scheme
Multics version of Emacs text editor
of Emacs to be written in the Lisp programming language, although the same claim has also been made for the Lisp Machine editors EINE and ZWEI, also written
Multics_Emacs
Computer key
on a keyboard designed for Lisp machines at MIT. The "space-cadet" keyboard, designed in 1978 at MIT for the Lisp machine, introduced two new modifier
Super_key_(keyboard_button)
Topics referred to by the same term
Nido del Colibri, a multi-use stadium in Cuernavaca, Mexico COLIBRI, a Lisp machine co-processor Rey Mysterio (born 1974), wrestler, by ring name Colibri
Colibri
American semiconductor designer and manufacturer
developed and sold the Explorer computer family of Lisp machines. For the Explorer, a special 32-bit Lisp microprocessor was developed, which was used in
Texas_Instruments
American computer scientist (born 1948)
algorithm), on the programming languages Dylan, and Common Lisp (especially CMU Common Lisp), and he was one of the founders of Lucid Inc. During the period
Scott_Fahlman
Software that manages computer hardware resources
Microcontroller Network operating system Object-oriented operating system Lisp machine Operating System Projects System Commander System image Timeline of operating
Operating_system
American computer scientist (1928–2016)
Knowledge Machine. He was one of the principals for the One Laptop Per Child initiative to manufacture and distribute The Children's Machine in developing
Seymour_Papert
Supercomputer
nodes, its memory handling, and the programming language Lisp applied in the parallel machine. Very early concepts contemplated just over a million processors
Connection_Machine
American computer scientist (born 1954)
Thinking Machines, where he helped define and promote a parallel computing version of the Lisp programming language named *Lisp (Star Lisp) and a parallel
Guy_L._Steele_Jr.
Five generation of a computer
parallel to the Lisp machine market, where rule-based systems such as CLIPS could run on general-purpose computers, making expensive Lisp machines unnecessary
Fifth Generation Computer Systems
Fifth_Generation_Computer_Systems
Application layer protocol for e-mail retrieval and storage
The original Interim Mail Access Protocol was implemented as a Xerox Lisp Machine client and a TOPS-20 server. No copies of the original interim protocol
Internet Message Access Protocol
Internet_Message_Access_Protocol
Part of a computer program where a given name binding is valid
variables ... The primary influences on Common Lisp were Lisp Machine Lisp, MacLisp, NIL, S-1 Lisp, Spice Lisp, and Scheme. "Programming Language ISLISP,
Scope_(computer_programming)
Programming language, dialect of Lisp
garbage collection in a Lisp interpreter, a method later copied by SCM and Guile. Compiling is implemented by emitting a fixed machine code prologue followed
SIOD
Programming language in the Lisp family
ISLISP (also capitalized as ISLisp) is a programming language in the Lisp family standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
ISLISP
VAX LISP was an implementation of Common Lisp for VMS and ULTRIX on 32-bit VAXs. It was the first Common Lisp to be written for non-Lisp machines. It
VAX_Common_Lisp
Collection of definitions from computer subcultures
MIT AI Lab, the Stanford AI Lab (SAIL) and others of the old ARPANET AI/LISP/PDP-10 communities, including Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN), Carnegie Mellon
Jargon_File
Dialect of the Scheme programming language
are usually considered to be inherently more efficient than Lisp on conventional machine architectures. Much of this occurs via an optimizing compiler
T_(programming_language)
Local area networking technology
of packet-based computer communication protocols intended to connect Lisp machines, which had been recently developed and were very popular at MIT; the
Chaosnet
Computer designed to run a specific language
first HLLs. The best known HLLCAs may be the Lisp machines of the 1970s and 1980s, for the language Lisp (1959). At present the most popular HLLCAs are
High-level language computer architecture
High-level_language_computer_architecture
LISP MACHINE
LISP MACHINE
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : unexplained. The name has been recorded in Glastonbury, Somerset, since 1705.Perhaps a variant of Czech LiÅ¡ka, (see Liska), Slovak LÃÅ¡ka, or German Liske.
Boy/Male
Native American
Salmon's head rising above water.
Female
English
 Variant spelling of English Liza, LISA means "God is my oath." Compare with another form of Lisa.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic nickname for someone with large lips or with some deformity of the lips, from Middle English lippe (Old English lippa).English : perhaps from a Middle English personal name, Leppe or Lippe, apparently a short form of an Old English personal name formed with Lēof- ‘dear’, such as Lēofsige, Lēofstan.German : from a pet form of the personal name Philipp (see Philip).
Girl/Female
German American Hebrew Greek English
Devoted to God.
Female
Norwegian
Danish and Norwegian form of German Liese, LISE means "God is my oath."Â Compare with masculine Lise.
Boy/Male
French Latin
Lisp, stutter.
Male
Native American
Native American Miwok name LISE means "salmon head rising above water." Compare with feminine Lise.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : unexplained. Probably a shortened form of northern Irish and Scottish McLeish.
Girl/Female
Arabic
Lips
Girl/Female
Danish American German Hebrew Greek French
Boy/Male
French Latin
Lisp, stutter.
Female
English
Short form of English Elisabeth, LIS means "God is my oath."Â
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Lips
Boy/Male
French Latin
Lisp, stutter.
Boy/Male
Anglo Saxon
Cunning.
Boy/Male
French Latin
Lisp, stutter.
Female
French
French form of German Elise, ÉLISE means "God is my oath."Â
Boy/Male
French Latin
Lisp, stutter.
Female
Italian
 Short form of Italian Elisabetta, LISA means "God is my oath." Compare with another form of Lisa.
LISP MACHINE
LISP MACHINE
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Bounty Kindness, favour
Boy/Male
Teutonic English
Oath.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lord Krishna
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Slave of the All-seeing
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil
Melodious
Boy/Male
Muslim
Populous. Full. Prosperous. Amply settled. Civilized. Also used to refer to a prince or ruler.
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Black; Dark Blue
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Lord Shiva
Boy/Male
Muslim
Growth, Super abundance
Boy/Male
Indian, Sikh
One Light; God's Light
LISP MACHINE
LISP MACHINE
LISP MACHINE
LISP MACHINE
LISP MACHINE
n. pl.
Lips.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Lisp
imp. & p. p.
of Lisp
a.
Lacking stiffness; flimsy; as, a limp cravat.
v. i.
To lisp.
v. t.
To cover with list, or with strips of cloth; to put list on; as, to list a door; to stripe as if with list.
n.
An edge of an opening; a thin projecting part of anything; a kind of short open spout; as, the lip of a vessel.
v. t.
To brush or dress, an with a wisp.
n.
An inclination to one side; as, the ship has a list to starboard.
pl.
of Fleur-de-lis
v. t.
To touch with the lips; to put the lips to; hence, to kiss.
n.
A Will-o'-the-wisp; an ignis fatuus.
n.
The habit or act of lisping. See Lisp, v. i., 1.
v. t.
To inclose for combat; as, to list a field.
v. t.
To cut away a narrow strip, as of sapwood, from the edge of; as, to list a board.
v. t.
To pronounce with a lisp.
n.
A roll or catalogue, that is row or line; a record of names; as, a list of names, books, articles; a list of ratable estate.
v. t.
To speak with reserve or concealment; to utter timidly or confidentially; as, to lisp treason.
v. t.
To enroll; to place or register in a list.
a.
Having a lip or lips; having a raised or rounded edge resembling the lip; -- often used in composition; as, thick-lipped, thin-lipped, etc.