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Missions to the Moon
The physical exploration of the Moon began when Luna 2, a space probe launched by the Soviet Union, made a deliberate impact on the surface of the Moon
Exploration_of_the_Moon
Settlement on the Moon
presence on the Moon are not for colonizing the Moon, but rather focus on building moonbases for exploration and to a lesser extent for exploitation of lunar
Colonization_of_the_Moon
Lunar research program (2004–present)
the Chinese Moon goddess Chang'e, is the first and ongoing series of robotic Moon missions by the China National Space Administration (CNSA), part of
Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program
Arrival of a spacecraft on the Moon's surface
A Moon landing or lunar landing is the arrival of a crewed or robotic spacecraft on the Moon. The first human-made object to touch the Moon was Luna 2
Moon_landing
Natural satellite orbiting Earth
people on the Moon and stayed up to three days. Renewed robotic exploration of the Moon, in particular to confirm the presence of water on the Moon, has fueled
Moon
Investigating an unfamiliar area
Exploration is the process of exploring, an activity which has some expectation of discovery. Organised exploration is largely a human activity, but exploratory
Exploration
Rocks on or from the Moon
Moon rock or lunar rock is rock originating from Earth's Moon. This includes lunar material collected during the course of human exploration of the Moon
Moon_rock
Investigation of outer space
Space exploration is the physical investigation of outer space by uncrewed robotic space probes and through human spaceflight. While the observation of objects
Space_exploration
2004 US human space exploration plan
presence across the Solar System, starting with a human return to the Moon by the year 2020, in preparation for human exploration of Mars and other destinations;
Vision_for_Space_Exploration
Long-term human settlement on the Moon
(or lunar base) is a human outpost on or beneath the surface of the Moon. More than a mere site of activity or temporary camp, moonbases are extraterrestrial
Moonbase
Program of missions to the moon by JAXA
The (Japanese) Lunar Exploration Program (Japanese: 月探査計画, romanized: tsuki tansa keikaku) is a program of robotic and human missions to the Moon undertaken
Japanese Lunar Exploration Program
Japanese_Lunar_Exploration_Program
Missions to the Moon have been numerous and represent some of the earliest endeavours in space missions, with continuous exploration of the Moon beginning
List_of_missions_to_the_Moon
Basis of international space law
The Outer Space Treaty, formally called the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including
Outer_Space_Treaty
Conceptual design for pressurized spacecraft
either with a wheeled chassis to form a rover for planetary surface exploration (on the Moon and elsewhere) or to a flying platform for open space missions
Space_Exploration_Vehicle
2019 film by Shinnosuke Yakuwa
Doraemon: Nobita's Chronicle of the Moon Exploration (ドラえもん のび太の月面探査記, Doraemon: Nobita no Getsumen Tansa-ki) is an anime epic science fiction film directed
Doraemon: Nobita's Chronicle of the Moon Exploration
Doraemon:_Nobita's_Chronicle_of_the_Moon_Exploration
Indian Lunar exploration programme
pronunciation) is an ongoing series of outer space missions by ISRO for the exploration of the Moon. The program incorporates a lunar orbiter, an impactor, a lunar
Chandrayaan_programme
Overview of and topical guide to space exploration
of Earth Exploration of the Moon Apollo program Moon landings Robotic exploration of the Moon Exploration of Mercury Exploration of Venus Exploration
Outline_of_space_exploration
1989-1993 program outlining NASA's long-term vision for crewed interplanetary missions
anniversary of the Apollo 11 Moon landing, US President George H. W. Bush announced plans for what came to be known as the Space Exploration Initiative
Space_Exploration_Initiative
to or around the Moon, including 12 who landed and walked on the surface, 10 who orbited without landing, and seven who flew by the Moon without orbiting
List of people who have flown to the Moon
List_of_people_who_have_flown_to_the_Moon
Concepts for extended human presence on the Moon
of humans on the Moon since the late 1950s. Research and exploration of the Moon have been a large focus of the organization since the Apollo program.
NASA_lunar_outpost_concepts
NASA-led lunar exploration program
The Artemis program is a Moon exploration program led by the United States' National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), aimed at returning humans
Artemis_program
Vehicle driven by astronauts on the Moon (1971–72)
The Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) is a battery-powered four-wheeled rover used on the Moon in the last three missions of the American Apollo program (15
Lunar_Roving_Vehicle
Lunar exploration mission by India and Japan
completed the feasibility report in March 2018 with JAXA to explore the polar regions of Moon for water with a joint Lunar Polar Exploration Mission (LUPEX)
Lunar Polar Exploration Mission
Lunar_Polar_Exploration_Mission
American aerospace company
Ghaffarian, and Tim Crain, to provide commercial and government exploration of the Moon. Today the company offers lunar surface access for transportation and
Intuitive_Machines
2009 film by Duncan Jones
experiences a personal crisis as he nears the end of a three-year solitary stint mining helium-3 on the far side of the Moon. Dominique McElligott, Kaya Scodelario
Moon_(2009_film)
South Korean space program
Lunar Exploration Program (Korean: 대한민국의 달탐사 계획) is led by the Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI), which develops lunar orbiters and landers. The plan
Korean Lunar Exploration Program
Korean_Lunar_Exploration_Program
American plan to detonate a nuclear bomb on the Moon
on the Moon, which would help in answering some of the mysteries in planetary astronomy and astrogeology. If the explosive device detonated on the surface
Project_A119
Multilateral agreement on human moon exploration
the US Department of State, the Accords establish a framework for cooperation in the civil exploration and peaceful use of the Moon, Mars, and other astronomical
Artemis_Accords
Vehicle that travels on the Moon's surface
A lunar rover or Moon rover is a space exploration vehicle designed to move across the surface of the Moon. The Apollo program's Lunar Roving Vehicle was
Lunar_rover
1959 American moonbase feasibility study
surveillance of the earth and space, in communications relay, and in operations on the surface of the moon; to serve as a base for exploration of the moon, for
Project_Horizon
Planned sample-return mission by Japan to Phobos
Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) is a robotic space probe set for launch in 2026 to bring back the first samples from Mars' largest moon Phobos. Developed
Martian_Moons_eXploration
Overview of and topical guide to the Moon
the Moon is a natural satellite of Earth, and Earth is a natural satellite of the Sun. Atmosphere of the Moon Exploration of the Moon Geology of the Moon
Outline_of_the_Moon
"international cooperation towards a world strategy for the exploration and utilization of the Moon - our natural satellite" (International Lunar Workshop
International Lunar Exploration Working Group
International_Lunar_Exploration_Working_Group
United States Lunar programs
situational awareness in the cislunar region between Earth and the Moon during crewed lunar exploration missions. Colonization of the Moon NASA lunar outpost
DARPA_lunar_programs
Space advocacy organization
The Moon Society is a space advocacy organization, founded in 2000, and dedicated to promoting large-scale human exploration, research, and settlement
Moon_Society
Future plans to make the Moon available for tourism
around the Moon, and estimate lunar tourism to be possible by 2043. As of 2026, 28 humans have traveled to the lunar vicinity, and 12 have landed on the Moon;
Tourism_on_the_Moon
Presence of water on the Moon
Annual Meeting of the Lunar Exploration Analysis Group. Vol. 1515. p. 70. Bibcode:2009LPICo1515...70T. Ice on the Moon, NASA The Moon and Mercury May
Lunar_water
Series of 1950s magazine articles
and Beyond." The series was expanded into three books: Across the Space Frontier (1952), Conquest of the Moon (1953), and The Exploration of Mars (1956)
Man_Will_Conquer_Space_Soon!
Lunar exploration concept
Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) designed by Kent Joosten, an engineer at NASA's Johnson Space Center. The plan would have used the help of international
International Lunar Resources Exploration Concept
International_Lunar_Resources_Exploration_Concept
Planned Chinese lunar exploration mission
China – Chinese Solar System exploration program List of missions to the Moon "The Space Review: What is China doing at the lunar distant retrograde orbit
Chang'e_7
US deep space exploration programs
missions in the program are aimed at exploration of the Moon, including crewed and robotic exploration of the lunar surface. These explorations will be more
List_of_Artemis_missions
ESA field center in Köln, Germany
Space Medicine, Astronaut Operations & Management, Human Exploration of the Moon as part of the Spaceship EAC initiative and Communications. It provides
European_Astronaut_Centre
US–USSR spaceflight capability rivalry
the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies: Status of the Treaty (UNODA) "The History
Space_Race
improved from the early attempts in the 1960s; active research continues in the 21st century. Moon landing Mars landing Great Galactic Ghoul Cone of Uncertainty
List of landing ellipses on extraterrestrial bodies
List_of_landing_ellipses_on_extraterrestrial_bodies
Larger of the two moons of Mars
Phobos (/ˈfoʊboʊs/) is the innermost and larger of the two natural satellites of Mars, the other being Deimos. The two moons were discovered in 1877 by
Phobos_(moon)
Topics referred to by the same term
shot", or "moon shots" on Wikipedia. All pages with titles containing Moon Shot All pages with titles containing Moonshot Exploration of the Moon, physical
Moonshot
Fifth planet from the Sun
Colonization of Europa Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter Europa Orbiter Pioneer H Exploration of Callisto Exploration of Europa Exploration of Ganymede Exploration of Io
Outline_of_Jupiter
American astronaut and lunar explorer (1934–2017)
walk on the Moon as well as the astronaut with the longest time spent walking on the Moon; he is also the last person to walk on the Moon as of 2026[update]
Gene_Cernan
2023 South Korean film by Kim Yong-hwa
Kim Hee-ae. It follows the dramatic story of South Korea's first crewed lunar exploration mission and isolation in space. The film was released theatrically
The_Moon_(2023_film)
Largest moon of Saturn
Titan is the largest moon of Saturn and the second largest in the Solar System. It is the only moon that is known to have a dense atmosphere (denser than
Titan_(moon)
Retrieved 10 September 2025. Video: From Oak Ridge to the Moon - Y-12 on the history of the Moon box Wikimedia Commons has media related to Apollo Lunar
Apollo Lunar Sample Return Container
Apollo_Lunar_Sample_Return_Container
In situ resources on the Moon
lunar habitation. The in-situ use (ISRU) of resources on the Moon may provide a means of reducing the cost and risk of lunar exploration and beyond. Resource
Lunar_resources
Lunar feature with first proven lunar cave
The Mare Tranquillitatis pit is the name given to an elliptical opening on the Moon's surface in the Mare Tranquillitatis, situated roughly 400 kilometers
Mare_Tranquillitatis_pit
Robotic spacecraft missions to the Moon by the Soviet Union (1958–1976)
to the Moon by the Soviet Union between 1959 and 1976. The programme accomplished many firsts in space exploration, including first flyby of the Moon, first
Luna_programme
Sculpture by Paul Van Hoeydonck placed on the Moon
figure of an astronaut in a spacesuit, intended to commemorate the astronauts and cosmonauts who have died in the advancement of space exploration. It was
Fallen_Astronaut
Ownership claims of property on other planets, moons, or parts of outer space
"The exploration and use of outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, shall be carried out for the benefit and in the interests of all
Extraterrestrial_real_estate
Moon of Saturn
System Exploration site The Planetary Society: Mimas Google Mimas 3D, interactive map of the moon Mimas page at The Nine Planets Views of the Solar System –
Mimas
Informal name for a 1986 NASA report
Planet Earth Exploration of the Solar System Outpost on the Moon Humans to Mars "Mission to Planet Earth" would be centred on the observation of our home
Ride_Report
Overview of space exploration in the future
missions to the Moon and Mars to establish scientific outposts will later enable permanent and self-sufficient settlements. Further exploration will potentially
Future_of_space_exploration
American super heavy-lift expendable rocket
The Saturn V is a retired American super heavy-lift launch vehicle developed by NASA under the Apollo program for human exploration of the Moon. The rocket
Saturn_V
Second-largest moon of Jupiter
is the second-largest moon of Jupiter, after Ganymede. It is also the third-largest moon in the Solar System, following Ganymede and Saturn's moon Titan
Callisto_(moon)
Soviet crewed moonbase project
Colonization of the Moon Project A119 Harvey, Brian (17 August 2007). Soviet and Russian Lunar Exploration. ISBN 9780387739762. "How landing on the moon hurt
Zvezda_(moonbase)
Program of robotic spacecraft missions
make decisions about, for example, lunar outpost designs. Exploration of the Moon List of future lunar missions Lunar ice Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
Lunar Precursor Robotic Program
Lunar_Precursor_Robotic_Program
Proposed transportation system
is set between the surface of the Moon "at the bottom" and a docking port suspended tens of thousands of kilometers above in space at the top. It is similar
Lunar_space_elevator
Natural satellites of the planet Mars
The two moons of Mars are Phobos and Deimos. They are irregular in shape. Both were discovered by American astronomer Asaph Hall in August 1877 and are
Moons_of_Mars
Overview of the exploration of the moon Titan
the largest moon of Saturn, is one of the most Earth-like worlds in the Solar System. It is the only moon known to have a dense atmosphere and the only
Exploration_of_Titan
Space advocacy organization
people in the world with an interest in lunar exploration. It hopes to bring the best of humanity to the Moon, and to bring the benefits of the Moon to all
Lunar_Explorers_Society
NASA robotic spacecraft orbiting the moon
mission to the Moon in over ten years. LRO and LCROSS were launched as part of the United States's Vision for Space Exploration program. The probe has
Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter
Pattern observed on the Moon's surface
pareidolic images of a human face, head or body are recognized in the disc of the full moon; they are generally known as the Man in the Moon. The images are
Man_in_the_Moon
Fictional moon in the Avatar franchise
and fascinating from the get-go", though reasoned that whilst exploration of the moon was a "pleasant experience", some of the nature was "menacing"
Pandora_(Avatar)
Annual Icelandic award
Museum in Húsavík, Iceland, for achievements in exploration and for work in the field of exploration history. They are awarded in three categories; to
Leif_Erikson_Awards
Hypothetical aggregate building material, similar to concrete, formed from lunar regolith
reduce the construction costs of building on the Moon. AstroCrete is a more general concept also applicable for Mars. Only comparatively small amounts of Moon
Lunarcrete
American astronaut (born 1933)
fighter pilot with the U.S. Marine Corps and U.S. Air Force, and test pilot. He is one of the 24 Apollo astronauts to reach the Moon, having served as
Fred_Haise
Chinese lunar exploration mission
wǔhào) was the fifth lunar exploration mission in the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program of CNSA, and China's first lunar sample-return mission. The spacecraft
Chang'e_5
Astronautical use of materials harvested in outer space
In space exploration, in situ resource utilization (ISRU) is the practice of collection, processing, storing and use of materials found or manufactured
In_situ_resource_utilization
Space Race of the 1960s, which gave way to the Space Shuttle program. As of 2025, US space policy is aimed at the exploration of the Moon and the subsequent
Space policy of the United States
Space_policy_of_the_United_States
Space flight maneuver
in a parking orbit around the Moon at the time of TEI, in which case the burn is timed so that its midpoint is opposite the Earth's location upon arrival
Trans-Earth_injection
Soviet super heavy-lift launch vehicle (1965–1972)
SL-15) was a super heavy-lift launch vehicle of the Soviet space program intended for crewed travel to the Moon and beyond. All four launch attempts between
N1_(rocket)
Egyptian space scientist
worked with NASA in the scientific exploration of the Moon and the planning of the Apollo program. He was a leading geologist on the program, responsible
Farouk_El-Baz
Large trans-neptunian object
named after the Hindu deity Varuna, one of the oldest deities mentioned in the Vedic texts. Varuna's light curve is compatible with the body being a
20000_Varuna
Updated/revised 1959 and 1979 (with a new introduction). The Exploration of the Moon, Illustrated by R.A. Smith. 1954 The Young Traveller in Space. London: Phoenix House
Arthur_C._Clarke_bibliography
Overview of and topical guide to the Solar System
and explorations of Venus Exploration of the Moon Exploration of Mars Exploration of Ceres Exploration of Jupiter Exploration of Saturn Exploration of Uranus
Outline_of_the_Solar_System
Programs by the Soviet Union to land humans on the Moon
According to the first government decree about the Soviet crewed Moon programs (Decree 655-268, ' On Work on the Exploration of the Moon and Mastery of Space
Soviet_crewed_lunar_programs
Topics referred to by the same term
the title American lunar exploration program. If an internal link incorrectly led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended
American lunar exploration program
American_lunar_exploration_program
Space exploration program conducted by the Soviet Union from 1951 to 1991
forward with the Soyuz craft and N-1 heavy booster that would be the basis of a permanent crewed space station and crewed exploration of the Moon. However
Soviet_space_program
Landing site of Apollo 11 on the Moon
Tranquillitatis) is the site on the Moon where, in July 1969, American NASA astronauts landed and walked on a celestial body other than Earth for the first time
Tranquility_Base
2019 Chinese lunar lander & rover
spacecraft mission in the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program of the CNSA. It made a soft landing on the far side of the Moon, the first spacecraft to do
Chang'e_4
Propulsive maneuver used to arrive at the Moon
radius of the Moon's orbit. The TLI burn is sized and timed to precisely target the Moon as it revolves around the Earth. The burn is timed so that the spacecraft
Trans-lunar_injection
European spacecraft manufacturer
the MENA region. The company embraces a pan-European identity. The Exploration Company was founded in July 2021 by Hélène Huby (CEO) with a group of space
The_Exploration_Company
1994 book by Carl Sagan
exploration of the entire Solar System. He begins with an account of the Voyager program, in which he was a participating scientist. He describes the
Pale_Blue_Dot_(book)
Moon List of retroreflectors on the Moon Lunar plaques Moon landing Timeline of Solar System exploration Tourism on the Moon Spacecraft was in lunar orbit
List of artificial objects on the Moon
List_of_artificial_objects_on_the_Moon
Topics referred to by the same term
coaster at Coney Island A Voyage to the Moon (disambiguation) Exploration of the Moon, various missions to the Moon Moonshot (disambiguation) This disambiguation
A Trip to the Moon (disambiguation)
A_Trip_to_the_Moon_(disambiguation)
American space scientist (1932–2019)
to the exploration of the Solar System and the other in 1972 for his contributions to the exploration of the Moon. In 1975 he was elected in the International
Paul_J._Coleman
Launch vehicle built from Space Shuttle components
developing the Ares I and Ares V launch vehicles, based in part on highly modified Shuttle components, to enable exploration of the Moon and Mars. The agency
Shuttle-derived_vehicle
Light that reaches Earth from the Moon
from the surface of the Moon, consisting mostly of reflected sunlight, and some earthlight. The ancient Greek philosopher Anaxagoras noted that "the sun
Moonlight
reactor concept conceived as a powerhouse for colonies on the Moon and Mars. It is based on the RAPID-series (Refueling by All Pins Integrated Design) fast
RAPID-L
Orbit of an object around the Moon
(62 mi) altitude. These have a period of about 2 hours. They are of particular interest in the exploration of the Moon, but suffer from gravitational perturbations
Lunar_orbit
Belgian aerospace company
followed in 1999 by the Future Projects and Exploration Team and in 2000 by the Flight systems, Avionics and Embedded Systems Teams. The uncrewed spacecraft
Space_Applications_Services
mission) is a human spaceflight mission to the Moon. In contrast with lunar outpost missions, lunar sorties will be of relatively brief duration. On 4 December
Lunar_sortie
Observatory
The Lunar Infrastructure for Exploration (LIFE) was a proposed project to build a space telescope on the far side of the Moon, actively promoted by EADS
Lunar Infrastructure for Exploration
Lunar_Infrastructure_for_Exploration
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EXPLORATION OF-THE-MOON
EXPLORATION OF-THE-MOON
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EXPLORATION OF-THE-MOON
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