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Privateers and pirates in North Africa
The Barbary corsairs, also known as the Barbary pirates, Ottoman corsairs, or naval mujahideen (in Muslim sources), were mainly Muslim corsairs and privateers
Barbary_corsairs
Slave markets in North Africa
Ottoman Barbary states of North Africa during the early modern period. European civilians and American merchant seamen were captured by Barbary corsairs in
Barbary_slave_trade
Coastal region of North Africa inhabited by Berber people
against Barbary corsairs and the Dutch, albeit with limited success. The United States fought the Barbary Wars from 1801 to 1805 with some of the Barbary states
Barbary_Coast
Wars in North Africa, 1801–1805, 1815
from the Barbary states and ending the first war. During the War of 1812, with the encouragement of the United Kingdom, the Barbary corsairs resumed their
Barbary_Wars
Dutch pirate
He became one of the most famous of the 17th-century Barbary corsairs. Together with other corsairs, he helped establish the independent Republic of Salé
Jan_Janszoon
1797 treaty between the US and Tripolitania
Muslim states of the Barbary Coast (Tripoli, Algiers, Morocco, and Tunis) through the Barbary corsairs. Hostages captured by the corsairs were either ransomed
Treaty_of_Tripoli
Mediterranean sailing ship
spelled zebec, was a Mediterranean sailing ship that originated in the Barbary states (Algeria). It was used mostly for trading. Xebecs had a long overhanging
Xebec
1492–1792 series of conflicts
Moriscos of Spain and the Corsairs of Algiers, which also led to a tacit pirate alliance between Ottoman Barbary corsairs and the Dutch Sea Beggars (already
Spanish–Ottoman_Wars
1516–1830 unit of the Algerine army
ta'ifa of raïs (Arabic: طائفة الرياس, community of corsair captains) or the Raïs for short, were Barbary pirates based in Regency of Algiers who were involved
Corsairs_of_Algiers
Topics referred to by the same term
French corsairs, privateers operating on behalf of the French crown Corsair may also refer to: Corsair (character), Marvel Comics character Corsairs Squad
Corsair
presented a gift of four eunuchs to Emperor Constantine VII. Barbary pirates and Maltese corsairs both raided for slaves and purchased slaves from European
History_of_slavery
English adventurer and pirate (1584–1615)
mercenary in Morocco and later a Barbary corsair. Verney was among the most successful captains to operate on the Barbary coast during the early 17th century
Francis_Verney
English-Ottoman Barbary pirate (1553–1622)
vessels. John Ward and Simon Danseker are credited with introducing Barbary corsairs to the use of square-rigged ships of northern Europe. The ballad "Captain
Jack_Ward
1830. Founded by the corsair brothers Aruj and Hayreddin Barbarossa, the Regency was an important pirate base for Barbary corsairs and became involved
History of the Regency of Algiers
History_of_the_Regency_of_Algiers
1516–1830 autonomous Ottoman state in North Africa
Empire, Kingdom of France, Kingdom of England and Dutch Republic ended, Barbary corsairs started capturing merchant ships and their crews and goods from these
Regency_of_Algiers
Capital city of Morocco
period of decline. In the 17th century, Rabat became a haven for the Barbary corsairs. When the French established a protectorate over Morocco in 1912, Rabat
Rabat
16th to 19th century conflicts between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Barbary States
chase. The corsairs, seeing escape was impossible, turned to battle. It lasted for over two hours before Dom Pedro's forces overcame the corsairs, killing
Barbary–Portuguese_conflicts
Semi-autonomous state affiliated with the Ottoman Empire
the Barbary Corsairs. Larouri, The History of the Maghrib (Paris 1970; Princeton 1977), e.g., at 244. Spencer, Algiers in the Age of the Corsairs (University
Ottoman_Tunisia
Person enslaved or sentenced to row in a galley
period, convicts and prisoners of war often manned galleys, and the Barbary corsairs enslaved captives as galley slaves. During the 18th and 19th centuries
Galley_slave
Acts of robbery or criminality at sea
abducted by Barbary corsairs and sold into slavery in North Africa and the Ottoman Empire between the 16th and 19th centuries. The most famous corsairs were
Piracy
Admiral of the Republic of Genoa (1466–1560)
Firenze. Jamieson, Alan G. (2013). Lords of the Sea: A History of the Barbary Corsairs. Reaktion Books. ISBN 9781861899460. Kamen, Henry (2003). Who's Who
Andrea_Doria
also a center of the Barbary slave trade of Europeans captured by Barbary corsairs on the Atlantic and Mediterranean. Barbary corsairs and crews from the
Slavery_in_Morocco
1785–1795 conflict between Algiers and the United States
shipping was no longer under the protection of the Royal Navy. The Barbary corsairs operated openly from key ports such as Algiers and Tunis, selling captured
American-Algerian_War
West Africa Squadron from 1818 and, when diplomatic pressure on the Barbary corsairs proved insufficient, by bombarding Algiers in 1816 in a ferocious engagement
Slavery_in_Britain
Dey of Algiers according to the album by John Beaumont (1705). The Barbary corsairs of Ottoman Algeria between the 15th and 17th century widely used flags
Flag_of_Algeria
Ottomans and Barbary corsairs, while Muslim ships and coastal targets were themselves targets of the Hospitaller fleet and Malta-based corsairs; the enslavement
Slavery_in_the_Ottoman_Empire
War between United States and the Barbary states, 1801–1805
in the Arab world, besides the American–Algerian War (1785–1795). Barbary corsairs and crews from the quasi-independent North African Ottoman regencies
First_Barbary_War
Historical period, 15th-19th centuries
1728-29 the inhabitants of Ulcinj were forbidden from helping the Barbary corsairs. A Venetian report from 1743 mentions a report from 1721 that a vessel
Albanian_piracy
16th-century Barbary corsair
known as Caracossa, Ali Fartax or Candelissa in Europe, was an Italian Barbary corsair and defrocked Dominican friar allied with the Ottoman Empire. He is
Caracossa
War in the Mediterranean Sea (1677–1682)
1677 and 1682. The war happened after the Royal Navy defeated several Barbary corsairs of Algiers near Bougie in 1672; the Algerian Diwan responded by capturing
Anglo-Algerian_War
City in Rabat-Salé-Kénitra, Morocco
corsaires de Salé. Eddif. pp. 45–46. ISBN 978-9981-896-76-5. Alan G. Jamieson (15 February 2013). Lords of the Sea: A History of the Barbary Corsairs
Salé
1751 naval battle
years. The Barbary corsairs had long plagued Christian countries, plundering their ships and enslaving their crews. Many daring corsairs even raided
Action_of_28_November_1751
1815 conflict between Algiers and the US
Fremont-Barnes, The Wars of the Barbary Pirates (London: Osprey, 2006) online Allen, Gardner Weld (1905). Our Navy and the Barbary Corsairs. Boston, New York and
Second_Barbary_War
George Washington, American merchant shipping came under threat from Barbary corsairs, especially after Algerian seizures of American vessels. This led to
History of the United States Navy
History_of_the_United_States_Navy
United States naval officer and commodore (1779–1820)
Fenelon Collier, New York. Allen, Gardner Weld (1905). Our Navy and the Barbary Corsairs. Houghton Mifflin & Co., Boston, New York & Chicago. p. 354. —— (1909)
Stephen_Decatur
Ottoman admiral (1534–1609)
served in the Ottoman Navy. He is regarded as one of the most important Barbary corsairs. Born into an Albanian family on Rhodes, he began his career by joining
Murat_Reis_the_Elder
Comune in Sicily, Italy
naval trade routes were severely hampered by the constant presence of Barbary corsairs in the Mediterranean Sea, which profoundly damaged the city's economy
Sciacca
Ottoman Empire's invasion of Malta in 1565
especially as the Barbary corsairs increased their forays into the western Mediterranean throughout the 1540s and 1550s. In particular, the corsair Dragut posed
Great_Siege_of_Malta
Spanish attack to Salé in 1628
including the Republic of Salé, a city-state ruled by Barbary corsairs. Among the main targets of the corsairs of Salé was Spain, which held several cities on
Bombardment_of_Salé_(1628)
German engraver and memoirist (1660–1736)
He and his brother fell victim to the Barbary slave trade after having been abducted by the barbary corsairs on their way to Germany after having been
Andreas_Matthäus_Wolfgang
Dutch privateer and corsair (c. 1579 – c. 1615)
Danziger and Simon de Danser, was a 17th-century Dutch privateer and Barbary corsair based in Ottoman Algeria. His name is also written Danziker, Dansker
Zymen_Danseker
Ethnic group
Libya. Their rights were acknowledged in the 16th to 18th century Barbary Corsairs era. The historical records of the Ottoman Empire suggest that along
Magarha
Spanish raid on Ottoman Tunisia
of the Spanish and its Italian allies over the local Ottomans and Barbary corsairs. The raid was conceived by the court as a way to weaken the local Ottoman
Raid_on_the_Kerkennah_Islands
treaty in 1766 resulted only in an exchange of captives captured in Barbary corsair attacks. Spain officially declared war in 1775, launching an ill-fated
Spanish–Algerian War (1775–1785)
Spanish–Algerian_War_(1775–1785)
French memoir writer
et ses avantures. He fell victim to the Barbary slave trade after having been abducted by the barbary corsairs and sold in Libya, where he lived as a slave
Antoine_Qaurtier
1784 naval bombardment of Algiers by multiple Southern European powers
Antonio Barceló bombarded the city, which was the main base of the Barbary corsairs, with the aim of forcing them to interrupt their activities. The second
Bombardment_of_Algiers_(1784)
1655 naval battle between English forces and Barbary pirates
under General-at-Sea Robert Blake destroyed the vessels of several Barbary corsairs. Blake's fleet destroyed two shore batteries and nine Algerian ships
Action_of_14_April_1655
Mercury-based medicine common from the 17th to the 19th centuries
to the 19th centuries. The oldest known formula is ascribed to the Barbary corsair Hayreddin Barbarossa, in a letter to Francis I of France. Blue mass
Blue_mass
military conflicts or later during corsair raids. Most of the Muslims were Turks, Moors or captured Barbary corsairs, but there were also limited numbers
Slavery_in_Malta
ISBN 978-0786474707. Jamieson, Alan G. (2013). Lords of the Sea: A History of the Barbary Corsairs. Reaktion Books. p. 176. Tassy 1725, pp. 1, 3, 5, 7, 12, 15 et al.
History_of_Algeria
Ottoman pirate of the 16th century
"Yahudi Sinan", and Portuguese: Sinão o Judeo, "Sinan the Jew", was a Barbary corsair who joined the Ottoman Navy and sailed under and was second in command
Sinan_Reis
U.S. presidential administration from 1789 to 1797
with Barbary corsairs, who operated from ports along North Africa's Barbary Coast – Algiers, Tripoli, and Tunis. In 1784–85, Algerian corsairs seized
Presidency of George Washington
Presidency_of_George_Washington
Semi-autonomous state affiliated with the Ottoman Empire (1551–1912)
Ottoman Libya and were also in charge of collecting taxes; however, Barbary corsairs were the ones who steadily provided income to Tripoli from privateering
Ottoman_Tripolitania
1518 Tunisian corsair victory over the Papal States
engagement between the Papal fleet and the Tunisian corsairs. The Papal fleet was ambushed by the Corsairs, losing their flagship and the capture of their
Battle_of_Piombino_Channel
Holy Roman Emperor from 1519 to 1556
Tunis was reestablished. Barbary corsairs remained a threat, regularly assailing Christian coasts to make captives for the Barbary slave trade. The advance
Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor
Continent
million Europeans are estimated to have been captured and enslaved by Barbary corsairs. The Ottoman regencies became more independent during the 18th century
Africa
1551 Ottoman siege and capture of Tripoli
by Dragut. The latter transformed Tripoli into a major base for the Barbary corsairs and consolidated Ottoman control over Tripolitania, which lasted until
Siege_of_Tripoli_(1551)
Pirate flag
Flag of the Maltese corsairs, as shown in various period reproductions in Liam Gauci's In the Name of the Prince: Maltese Corsairs 1760–1798 The flag of
Jolly_Roger
1784 naval capture
African country. American–Algerian War (1785–1795) Barbary Wars Dutch–Barbary war Barbary corsairs United States. Dept. of State. Office of Media Services;
Moroccan seizure of the Betsey
Moroccan_seizure_of_the_Betsey
adventurer who became one of the leading Barbary corsairs. Close friend of Jack Ward Jack Ward, English Barbary Corsair operating out of Ottoman Tunisia for
List of foreigners who were in the service of the Ottoman Empire
List_of_foreigners_who_were_in_the_service_of_the_Ottoman_Empire
Ottoman corsair, naval commander, and governor (1485–1565)
davranıyor. Jamieson, Alan G. (2013). Lords of the Sea: A History of the Barbary Corsairs. Canada: Reaktion Books. p. 59. ISBN 978-1861899460. Desperate to find
Dragut
Naval engagement that took place near San Pietro Island, Sardinia
between these combined squadrons and the Barbary corsairs, where the former made several captures of corsairs. On 8 September, Diego Pimentel, commander
Action_of_3_October_1624
French privateers authorized by the French crown
pirates. The Barbary pirates of North Africa as well as the Ottoman Empire were sometimes called "Turkish corsairs". The word "corsair" comes directly
French_corsairs
1518–1830 unit of the Algerine army
PART 5 – Corsairs & Captives". Retrieved 2023-11-14. Kaddache 2003, p. 346 Kaddache 2003, pp. 351–352 Panzac, Daniel (2005). The Barbary Corsairs: The End
Odjak_of_Algiers
1986 video game
Pirates of the Barbary Coast is a maritime trading and strategy video game set in the days of the Barbary corsairs, published in 1986 for Atari 8-bit
Pirates_of_the_Barbary_Coast
17th century band of Barbary corsairs
represented among them. One such corsair was the Dutchman Jan Janszoon, who underwent conversion to Islam after being captured by Barbary pirates in 1618 and was
Salé_Rovers
Military revolution
interests regarding relations with European powers, made both the Barbary corsairs and the janissaries of Algiers less inclined to commit themselves to
Odjak_of_Algiers_Revolution
Hafsid Sultanate Caliph from 1494 to 1526
destroyed a number of Barbarossa ships in La Goulette. The raids of the Barbary corsairs were one reason that prompted Spain to pursue the Reconquista across
Abu Abdallah Muhammad IV al-Mutawakkil
Abu_Abdallah_Muhammad_IV_al-Mutawakkil
attacked the Algerian fortress of Cherchell as part of a campaign against Barbary corsairs. In 1530, Ottoman privateer Hayreddin Barbarossa called Sinan Reis
Raid_on_Cherchell_(1531)
1571 naval battle of the Ottoman–Habsburg wars
would restart again in 1645 and end in 1715. Barbary corsairs would also continue living off the Barbary slave trade in low scale raids against western
Battle_of_Lepanto
16th century naval engagement
Mediterranean Europe's maritime trade. Among the region's most famous Barbary corsairs at the time were Hayreddin Barbarossa and Kurtoğlu Muslihiddin. Muslihiddin
Battle_of_Pianosa
Capture of Tunis by Habsburg alliance in 1535
forces in North Africa remained limited to the usual actions of the Barbary corsairs. Tunis remained under Spanish control until its Ottoman recapture in
Conquest_of_Tunis_(1535)
operations. Around 1621, the Spanish formed a fleet to defend against Barbary corsairs and the Dutch, but it barely achieved its goal. In 1631 there was an
Spanish relations with the Barbary Coast
Spanish_relations_with_the_Barbary_Coast
Middle Eastern dessert
Cuisines of the Mediterranean from the Merchants of Venice to the Barbary Corsairs, with More than 500 Recipes. William Morrow Cookbooks. ISBN 978-0-688-15305-2
Knafeh
Completely removing the limbs from a living or dead being
other travelers, a fairly frequent maritime death penalty among the Barbary corsairs was to affix the hands and feet to chains on four different ships.
Dismemberment
King of Spain and Portugal from 1598 to 1621
power was diminished since the Battle of Lepanto, activity from their Barbary corsairs remained, leading Pedro Téllez-Girón, Duke of Osuna to use their tactics
Philip_III_of_Spain
inhabitants; after 1600 Barbary pirates occasionally entered the Atlantic and struck as far north as Iceland. The most famous corsairs were the Ottoman Barbarossa
Slavery_in_Africa
Barbary slave raids against Iceland
a slave raid by the Barbary pirates, who abducted hundreds of people for the slave markets of North Africa. In 1627, the Barbary pirates came to Iceland
Turkish_Abductions
1669 naval battle
was escorting several English merchantmen, and a squadron of seven Barbary corsairs operating out of the Regency of Algiers. The incident was recorded
Battle_of_Cádiz_(1669)
1664 military expedition by Louis XIV
seize the port of Djidjelli and establish a naval base against the Barbary corsairs. There was a disagreement among the leaders of the expedition as to
Djidjelli_expedition
African Berber Muslim states known collectively as the Barbary States. For years the Barbary Corsairs had harassed and captured British, French and American
List of ships captured in the 19th century
List_of_ships_captured_in_the_19th_century
Maritime piracy from the 1650s to the 1730s
from about 1650 to about 1720." Fiske included the activities of the Barbary corsairs and East Asian pirates in this "Golden Age," noting that "as these
Golden_Age_of_Piracy
Italian memoir writer, numismatist and archeologist (1747–1815)
and archeologist. He fell victim to the Barbary slave trade after having been abducted by the barbary corsairs in 1804. After having returned to Italy
Felice_Caronni
Calendar year
Abductions: Barbary corsairs from Algiers raid the East Fjords of Iceland and take captives into slavery. July 16 – Turkish Abductions: the Barbary corsairs from
1627
Navy of the Vilayet of Tunis
of its crew - the remainder being divided among the corsairs themselves. To be sustainable, corsair activity needed a significant investment in shipping
Tunisian_navy_(1705–1881)
This is a list of known pirates, buccaneers, corsairs, privateers, river pirates, and others involved in piracy and piracy-related activities. This list
List_of_pirates
Spanish raid on Ottoman Tunisia
movements of the Barbary corsairs in North Africa. The corsairs had been one of the reasons behind the Expulsion, as the crown had reports of Barbary sympathizers
Raid_on_La_Goulette_(1609)
Fleet Air Arm pilot (1943–2024)
to Royal Navy personnel with the surname Ward, in reference to the Barbary corsair Jack Ward. Nigel David Ward was born on 22 September 1943 in Medicine
Sharkey_Ward
First Barbary War began two months into Jefferson's presidency after he ordered the United States Navy to combat Ottoman Tripolitania and the Barbary corsairs
Timeline of the Thomas Jefferson presidency
Timeline_of_the_Thomas_Jefferson_presidency
Region of North Africa; the western half of the Arab world
and later subdividing it into the Barbary Coast (the coastal area from Morocco to Libya was home to the Barbary Corsairs) and the Biledulgerid further inland
Maghreb
Portuguese archipelago in the North Atlantic
While Madeira, itself, became a victim of the slave trade when in 1617 Barbary corsairs are reported to have carried off more than 1,800 people from the main
Madeira
Naval battle between Spain and Ottoman Tunisia
commanded by Álvaro de Bazán y Benavides, Marquis of Santa Cruz, and a Barbary corsair flotilla captained by Ali Arraez Rabazin. In 1624, the spies of Viceroy
Battle_of_the_Gulf_of_Tunis
2022 book by Konstantin Kisin
great grandfather as a serf in the Russian Empire, the Soviet gulags, Barbary corsairs and slavery in African kingdoms Kisin pushes back against the notion
An Immigrant's Love Letter to the West
An_Immigrant's_Love_Letter_to_the_West
Country in North Africa
the Atlantic Ocean were subject to attacks by other fleets from the Barbary corsairs. On 20 December 1777, Morocco's Sultan Mohammed III declared that American
Morocco
War from 1681 to 1688
L. Hachette. p. 663. Panzac 2005, p. 33 Daniel Panzac (2005). The Barbary Corsairs: The End of a Legend, 1800-1820. BRILL. p. 33. ISBN 90-04-12594-9.
Franco-Algerian war (1681–1688)
Franco-Algerian_war_(1681–1688)
1631 raid by Barbary slave traders on Baltimore, County Cork, Kingdom of Ireland
Kelley, James Douglas Jerrold (2008) [1st Pub. 1890]. The Story of the Barbary Corsairs. G.P. Putnam's Sons. p. 233. ISBN 978-0-8482-4873-4. Gibney, John (2020)
Sack_of_Baltimore
Ruling dynasty of Ottoman Tripolitania
the employment of corsairs on crucial Mediterranean shipping routes; nations that wished to protect their ships from the corsairs were forced to pay
Karamanli_dynasty
Ottoman corsair and admiral of the Ottoman navy (c. 1478–1546)
Lesvos/Mytilini... Jamieson, Alan G. (2013). Lords of the Sea: A History of the Barbary Corsairs. Canada: Reaktion Books. p. 59. ISBN 978-1861899460. Desperate to find
Hayreddin_Barbarossa
Island in the Mediterranean Sea
the Crown of Aragon was in dynastic union with that of Castile. The Barbary corsairs of North Africa often attacked the Balearic Islands, and in response
Mallorca
Italian Dominican martyr (1425–1460)
Italian Dominican priest and martyr. In 1458, Neyrot was captured by Barbary corsairs and abandoned Catholicism in exchange for better treatment. Some months
Anthony_Neyrot
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