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Climatic cycle over the Southern Ocean
The Antarctic oscillation (AAO, to distinguish it from the Arctic oscillation or AO), also known as the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), is a low-frequency
Antarctic_oscillation
Climatic cycle over Earth's North Pole
Northern Hemisphere. The southern hemisphere analogue is called the Antarctic oscillation or Southern Annular Mode (SAM). The index varies over time with
Arctic_oscillation
Ocean current that flows clockwise from west to east around Antarctica
the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave, a periodic oscillation that affects the climate of much of the southern hemisphere. There is also the Antarctic oscillation
Antarctic_Circumpolar_Current
Global climate phenomenon
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a global climate phenomenon that emerges from variation in winds and sea surface temperatures over the tropical
El_Niño–Southern_Oscillation
warmer summer temperatures in the southern parts of the country. The Antarctic Oscillation, also known as the Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode is the main
Climate_of_Argentina
Change in the statistical distribution of climate elements for an extended period
with a period of tens of thousands of years. the Arctic oscillation (AO) and Antarctic oscillation (AAO) – The annular modes are naturally occurring, hemispheric-wide
Climate variability and change
Climate_variability_and_change
Weather pattern
representing a threat to the viability of Australia's ski industry. The Antarctic oscillation (AAO) is the primary driver for snow in Australia, where a negative
Snow_in_Australia
likely and could double the 21st-century global sea level rise. Antarctic oscillation Antarctica cooling controversy Climate of the Arctic Effects of
Climate_of_Antarctica
American atmospheric scientist
quasi biennial oscillation, Pacific decadal oscillation and the annular modes of the Arctic oscillation and the Antarctic oscillation, and the dominant
John_Michael_Wallace
Southern Hemispheric westerly winds
1969 Sunday Times Golden Globe Race. Antarctic Circumpolar Current Clipper route Doldrums Antarctic oscillation Southerly buster Subtropical ridge Winds
Roaring_Forties
Weather phenomenon over the Atlantic Ocean
less than 200 mm. Arctic oscillation Antarctic oscillation Anticyclone Atlantic Ocean Azores High El Niño–Southern Oscillation Global warming Icelandic
North_Atlantic_oscillation
High pressure mass of cold dry air over northeastern Eurasia
noted, a connection of a weaker Siberian High and Arctic oscillation when the Antarctic oscillation (AAO) is stronger. Because increased snow and ice cover
Siberian_High
Book - Antarctica cooling controversy - Antarctic Bottom Water - Antarctic Cold Reversal - Antarctic oscillation - Anthropocene extinction - Arctic amplification
Index of climate change articles
Index_of_climate_change_articles
Earth's southern polar ice cap
The Antarctic ice sheet is a continental glacier covering 98% of the Antarctic continent, with an area of 14 million square kilometres (5.4 million square
Antarctic_ice_sheet
Topics referred to by the same term
keto acids, ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide Anodic Aluminum Oxide Antarctic oscillation, a low-frequency mode of atmospheric variability of the southern
AAO
species Antarctic krill. In the Antarctic, limited-range shallow-water species, like this emerald rockcod, are under threat. The Antarctic oscillation (also
Human_impact_on_marine_life
Ocean around Antarctica
The Southern Ocean, also known as the Antarctic Ocean, comprises the southernmost waters of the World Ocean, generally taken to be south of 60° S latitude
Southern_Ocean
layer. Antarctic bottom water (ABW) – Cold, dense, water mass originating in the Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica Antarctic oscillation (AAO) A
Glossary_of_climate_change
Neutrino detector at the South Pole
sensors are located under the Antarctic ice, distributed over a cubic kilometer. Similar to its predecessor, the Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array
IceCube_Neutrino_Observatory
Impacts of climate change on Antarctica
Pacific Oscillation (IPO) and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) slowed or partially reversed the warming of West Antarctica, with the Antarctic Peninsula
Climate_change_in_Antarctica
Ice age of the last 34 million years, in particular in Antarctica
The Late Cenozoic Ice Age, or Antarctic Glaciation, began around 33.9 million years ago at the Eocene-Oligocene Boundary and is ongoing. It is Earth's
Late_Cenozoic_Ice_Age
Persistent cold-core low-pressure area that circles one of the poles
50°, and is strongest in winter. It forms during autumn when Arctic or Antarctic temperatures cool rapidly as the polar night begins. The increased temperature
Polar_vortex
Antarctic base
607 ft) above sea level on a geographical formation known as dôme C, on the Antarctic Plateau, Antarctica. It is located 1,100 km (680 mi) inland from the French
Concordia_Station
Records made for navigational safety and environmental monitoring
large climate patterns such as the North Atlantic oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, to name just two, and influences climate in the rest
Measurement_of_sea_ice
Segment of Antarctic ice sheet
The West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is the sector of the Antarctic Ice Sheet covering West Antarctica. The WAIS is a marine ice sheet, as the majority
West_Antarctic_Ice_Sheet
slowly and ends sharply (B-S) 12,700 Antarctic Cold Reversal warmer Antarctic, sea level rise 12,400 Bølling oscillation warm and wet in the North Atlantic
List of periods and events in climate history
List_of_periods_and_events_in_climate_history
Biome where plant growth is hindered by frigid temperatures
are three regions and associated types of tundra: Arctic, Alpine, and Antarctic. Tundra vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges, grasses, mosses
Tundra
Interglacial period about 14,000 years ago
ice-core records that register this transition as occurring within decades. Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) cooled slightly during this interstadial. The
Bølling–Allerød_Interstadial
Boundary of the Arctic
on maps of Earth at about 66° 34' N. Its southern counterpart is the Antarctic Circle. The Arctic Circle marks the southernmost latitude for which at
Arctic_Circle
Monsoon in Indian subcontinent
relationship between southern oscillation and quantities of monsoon rains in India. Ultimately, the southern oscillation was found to be simply an atmospheric
Monsoon_of_South_Asia
Large mass of glacial ice
Naish, Timothy; et al. (2009). "Obliquity-paced Pliocene West Antarctic ice sheet oscillations". Nature. 458 (7236): 322–328. Bibcode:2009Natur.458..322N
Ice_sheet
Period of major glaciations of the Northern Hemisphere (115,000–11,700 years ago)
Quaternary Period both began with the formation of the Arctic ice cap. The Antarctic ice sheet began to form earlier, around 33.9 million years ago in the
Last_Glacial_Period
Research department in New Zealand
levels and oscillations in the Earth's orbit. The ARC conducts annual research explorations, known as the Victoria University of Wellington Antarctic Expeditions
Antarctic_Research_Centre
Southern half of the global ocean current system
referred to as the Southern Meridional overturning circulation (SMOC) or Antarctic overturning circulation) is the southern half of a global thermohaline
Southern Ocean overturning circulation
Southern_Ocean_overturning_circulation
American oceanographer
(2002). "Positive feedbacks between the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave and the global El Niño-Southern Oscillation Wave". Journal of Geophysical Research.
Warren_White_(oceanographer)
Family of spiders
It may oscillate in tune with the elasticity of the web causing an oscillation larger than the motion of the spider's legs. While other species of spider
Pholcidae
Rapid global cooling about 8,200 years ago
paleolagoon. 4.2-kiloyear event African humid period Antarctic Cold Reversal Bond event Older Peron Piora Oscillation Sahara pump theory Storegga Slide Zoller, Heinrich
8.2-kiloyear_event
Rapid climate fluctuation in the last glacial period
ago). Ice core evidence from Antarctic cores suggests that the Dansgaard–Oeschger events are related to the so-called Antarctic Isotope Maxima by means of
Dansgaard–Oeschger_event
Critical thresholds in climate science
include: Greenland ice sheet disintegration, West Antarctic ice sheet disintegration, East Antarctic ice sheet disintegration, arctic sea ice decline,
Tipping points in the climate system
Tipping_points_in_the_climate_system
Prevailing winds from the west
the effect of warming the mid-latitudes. This occurs when the Arctic oscillation is positive, and during winter low pressure near the poles is stronger
Westerlies
Climate mode in the North Pacific
to a positive PMM. The North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) and the "North American Dipole"—two climate oscillations over the North Pacific and North America—trigger
Pacific_Meridional_Mode
Period of long-term reduction in temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere
the last 800,000 years, the dominant period of glacial–interglacial oscillation has been 100,000 years, which corresponds to changes in Earth's orbital
Ice_age
Average temperature of the Earth's surface
of natural internal variability (for example due to El Niño–Southern Oscillation). The global temperature record shows the changes of the temperature
Global_surface_temperature
ANDRILL (ANtarctic DRILLing Project) is a scientific drilling project in Antarctica gathering information about past periods of global warming and cooling
ANDRILL
Second epoch of the Neogene Period
for the west Antarctic and 3 meters for the east Antarctic. Model simulations are consistent with reconstructed ice-sheet oscillations and suggest a
Pliocene
Elementary particle with extremely low mass
identified oscillations as the neutrino flavor conversion mechanism involved in the solar electron neutrinos. Similarly MINOS confirms the oscillation of atmospheric
Neutrino
Circa 24,000–16,000 BCE; most recent era when ice sheets were at their greatest extent
displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Bølling oscillation Allerød oscillation Younger Dryas – Time period c. 12,900–11,700 years ago African
Last_Glacial_Maximum
Study of physical conditions and processes within the ocean
climate oscillations resulting from these interactions, include the Pacific decadal oscillation, North Atlantic oscillation, and Arctic oscillation. The
Physical_oceanography
Volcano on Ross Island, Antarctica
P.; McIntosh, W.; Dunbar, N.; Johnson, J. (2003). "Very long period oscillations of Mount Erebus volcano". J. Geophys. Res. 108 (B11): 2522. Bibcode:2003JGRB
Mount_Erebus
Process which distributes thermal energy about Earth's surface
between the eastern and western Pacific, which he termed the "Southern Oscillation". The movement of air in the Walker circulation affects the loops on
Atmospheric_circulation
Fast-flowing atmospheric air current
opposite to the direction of the remainder of the jet. The El Niño–Southern Oscillation affects the location of the jet streams, which in turn affects the weather
Jet_stream
Biological mechanism that controls circadian rhythm
alga and subsequently in mouse red blood cells. More importantly, redox oscillations as demonstrated by peroxiredoxin rhythms have now been seen in multiple
Circadian_clock
Wave where gravity is the main restoring force
the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, and in the mesosphere, it is thought to be the major driving force of the Semi-Annual Oscillation. Thus, this process
Gravity_wave
North Atlantic regional climate era, c. 950 - c. 1250
Jang Jun (2002). "Unstable Climate Oscillations during the Late Holocene in the Eastern Bransfield Basin, Antarctic Peninsula". Quaternary Research. 58
Medieval_Warm_Period
Line of southernmost latitude at which the Sun can be directly overhead
Pacific, which is subject to warm, negative phases of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (colloquially this is an "El Niño year/season") is a white, red and yellow
Tropic_of_Capricorn
System of surface and deep currents in the Atlantic Ocean
Twenty-five abrupt temperature oscillations between the hemispheres occurred during this period; these oscillations are known as Dansgaard–Oeschger events
Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
Atlantic_meridional_overturning_circulation
Climate classification
Climatologist Wladimir Köppen demonstrated a relationship between the Arctic and Antarctic tree lines and the 10 °C (50 °F) summer isotherm; i.e., places where the
Polar_climate
Oceanic division
hours. In latitudes above 40° North some east–west oscillation, known as the North Atlantic oscillation, occurs. On average, the Atlantic is the saltiest
Atlantic_Ocean
German marine biologist
Doris Abele (June 22, 1957-2021) was an Antarctic marine biologist based at the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) in Germany. She led the research group
Doris_Abele
Human-caused changes to climate on Earth
phases of two such processes, Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) caused a short slower period of warming called
Climate_change
Northernmost point on Earth
Retrieved 19 September 2015. "Antarctic Sun: Heat Wave" Archived 23 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, U.S. Antarctic Program "Bizarre Temperatures: North
North_Pole
Part of large-scale ocean circulation
dilution from melting ice sheets - critically affecting the salinity of Antarctic bottom water. In addition, the potential for outright collapse of either
Thermohaline_circulation
Circulating system of ocean currents in the Ross Sea
Oscillation (El Niño and La Niña). During the extreme El Niño event in 2015–2016, the SSH was observed to decrease by 6 cm, weakening the Antarctic Slope
Ross_Gyre
Argentine Antarctic researcher
Southern Oscillation) and local phytoplankton dynamics. Schloss plays a central role in the development of international collaborations in Antarctic research
Irene_Schloss
to the Antarctic. For these models, the yellow parts found on the mainstream models were replaced with light blue ones, and on the DC02 Antarctic Solo the
List_of_Dyson_products
Rise in sea levels due to climate change
trade winds. These occur when the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) change from one state to the other. The PDO
Sea_level_rise
Species of shark
Northern Pacific Ocean, it has been documented in the tropical Pacific and Antarctic Ocean as well. Reaching lengths of 4.4m (14 ft), it is one of the world's
Pacific_sleeper_shark
Distinct layer of temperature change in a body of water
example) that agitates the water. This effect also occurs in Arctic and Antarctic waters, bringing water to the surface which, although low in oxygen, is
Thermocline
Periods of colder and warmer climate during the Quaternary period
actual oxygen-isotope temperature record. The Bølling oscillation and the Allerød oscillation, where they are not clearly distinguished in the stratigraphy
Stadial_and_interstadial
Physics apparatus designed to study neutrinos
built and much larger KamLAND detector used similar techniques to study oscillations of antineutrinos from 53 Japanese nuclear power plants. A smaller, but
Neutrino_detector
Body of salt water covering most of Earth
by area: the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Antarctic/Southern Ocean, and the Arctic Ocean), and are themselves mostly divided
Ocean
Time period c. 12,900–11,700 years ago
Milankovitch cycles – Global climate cycles Neoglaciation Preboreal oscillation – Cooling episode within the preboreal Timeline of environmental history
Younger_Dryas
Current of the Pacific Ocean
drives the system's productivity is disrupted by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event, often with large social and economic impacts. The Humboldt
Humboldt_Current
Indian Ocean and thousands of other islands, as well as the Australian Antarctic Territory, a territorial claim covering almost half of the continent.
Geography_of_Australia
droughts lasting several seasons, caused in part by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Australia has a wide variety of climates due to its large geographical
Climate_of_Australia
Continental glacier in North America during the last ice age
Range of Washington. That is one and a half times the water held in the Antarctic. Anchored in the mountain backbone of the west coast, the ice sheet dissipated
Laurentide_ice_sheet
Climate effect
takes place within the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Eventually, upwelling due to wind-stress transports cold Antarctic waters through the Atlantic
Polar_amplification
Oscillation of sea surface temperatures
The Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole (SIOD) is featured by the oscillation of sea surface temperatures (SST) in which the southwest Indian Ocean i.e. south
Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole
Subtropical_Indian_Ocean_Dipole
Post glacial seaway in eastern North America
Cold Reversal Younger Dryas 8.2 kiloyear event 4.2 kiloyear event Piora Oscillation Little Ice Age Landforms Erosional Fjord Glacial striae Roche moutonnée
Champlain_Sea
Oceanic division
drift is associated with the phase of the Arctic Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. Much of the Arctic Ocean is covered by sea ice that
Arctic_Ocean
Development of the earth
from 15 Ma the Antarctic ice sheet formed. Sand deserts and large inland salt lakes formed within the last 5 Ma. Climatic oscillation during the Pleistocene
Natural_history_of_Australia
Country in Oceania
climate is also influenced by various systems such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, the Indian Ocean Dipole and the Southern Annular Mode. Australia has
Australia
Polar region of the Earth's northern hemisphere
similar situation may also have been found amongst dinosaurs that lived in Antarctic regions, such as the Muttaburrasaurus of Australia. However, others claim
Arctic
Pacific Oscillation (IPO) and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) slowed or partially reversed the warming of West Antarctica, with the Antarctic Peninsula
History of climate change science
History_of_climate_change_science
Geological period of the Earth
showed a cold oscillation between 14,025 to13,904 years BP, which is reflected in the increased δ18O during this period. This cold oscillation was also observed
Older_Dryas
Mound formed on a retreating glacier and deposited on land
Cold Reversal Younger Dryas 8.2 kiloyear event 4.2 kiloyear event Piora Oscillation Little Ice Age Landforms Erosional Fjord Glacial striae Roche moutonnée
Kame
Any large system of circulating ocean surface currents
Geography – Surface and Subsurface Ocean Currents North Pacific Gyre Oscillation — Georgia Institute of Technology Dunning, Brian (16 December 2008).
Ocean_gyre
Facility for atmospheric research and prediction
and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean helped study the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Moored weather buoys range from 1.5–12 metres (5–40 ft) in diameter
Weather_station
Form of climate change
occurred during the Younger Dryas event. Changes to the North Atlantic oscillation Changes in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) which could
Abrupt_climate_change
Collective term for the Arctic Ocean and the southern part of the Southern Ocean
Earth's oceans) and the southern part of the Southern Ocean (south of Antarctic Convergence, about 10 percent of Earth's oceans). In the coldest years
Polar_seas
New Zealand scientist
associated with the El Nino Southern Oscillation. McKay has explained that when he joined Peter Barrett on the Antarctic Geological Drilling project (ANDRILL)
Rob_McKay
Mountain range in South America
South American Plate due to the subduction of the Nazca Plate and the Antarctic Plate. To the east, the Andes range is bounded by several sedimentary
Andes
Glacial erratic in Alberta, Canada
Cold Reversal Younger Dryas 8.2 kiloyear event 4.2 kiloyear event Piora Oscillation Little Ice Age Landforms Erosional Fjord Glacial striae Roche moutonnée
Okotoks_Erratic
Recent shrinking of glaciers due to global warming
temperature variation is less than the daily variation, and is within the oscillation area of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. Tropical glaciers are the
Retreat of glaciers since 1850
Retreat_of_glaciers_since_1850
Narrow, southward-flowing ocean current along the southeastern coast of the Philippines
in doing so, influences the regional climate and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Overall, the Mindanao Current is critical in the circulation
Mindanao_Current
Tropical atmospheric circulation feature
shorter oscillations, with the Northern Hemisphere descending branch moving southward during positive phases of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and Pacific
Hadley_cell
Long, winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel associated with former glaciers
Cold Reversal Younger Dryas 8.2 kiloyear event 4.2 kiloyear event Piora Oscillation Little Ice Age Landforms Erosional Fjord Glacial striae Roche moutonnée
Esker
Interglacial period which began 130,000 years ago
Andreas; Rother, Henrik (20 December 2021). "Eemian (MIS 5e) climate oscillations based on palaeobotanical analysis from the Beckentin profile (NE Germany)"
Last_Interglacial
Warmer periods within an ice age
Cold Reversal Younger Dryas 8.2 kiloyear event 4.2 kiloyear event Piora Oscillation Little Ice Age Landforms Erosional Fjord Glacial striae Roche moutonnée
Interglacial
Warm Atlantic Ocean current
the Gulf Stream and the Gulf Stream north wall index North Atlantic oscillation Atlantic meridional overturning circulation UK Met Office. "What is the
Gulf_Stream
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